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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/iCIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


\ 


\ 


^' 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  at  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  tu  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 

D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicuiee 


n    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiimdes. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stain  - 1  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachet^es  ou  piqu6es 


I      I    Pages  damaged/ 

I — I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I    Pages  discoloured,  stain  - 1  or  foxed/ 


□   Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

0Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6t6  fiim^es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


Irregular  pagination  :   [11-  204,  209  •  225  p. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

aire 

t  details 
lues  du 
t  modifier 
iger  une 
a  filmage 


The  copy  filmed  hare  haa  been  reproduced  thanka 
to  the  generoaity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archivea  of  Canada 

The  imagea  appearing  here  are  the  beat  quality 
poaaible  conaldering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  In  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  apeclficationa. 


L'exempiaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
giniroaiti  de: 

La  bibliothdque  dea  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 

Las  imagea  aulvantea  ont  6t4  reproduites  avac  ie 
plua  grand  aoln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  rexemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  lea  conditlona  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


u6es 


Original  copiea  in  printed  paper  covera  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatrated  imprea- 
sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  imprea- 
aion,  and  ending  on  the  laat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impreasion. 


Lea  exemplalraa  origlnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  eat  imprlmie  aont  filmfo  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  Ie  second 
plat,  aelon  Ie  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exemplalres 
origlnaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  laat  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  •—»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  aymbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  appliea. 


Un  dea  aymboies  suivants  apparaUra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  aymbole  — ►  aignifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


aire 


Maps,  piatea,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  In  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartes,  planchea,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  A  dea  taux  de  rMuction  diffirents. 
Loraque  Ie  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6, 11  eat  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  aupArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  nicessaira.  Las  diagrammea  auivanta 
illuatrent  la  mithode. 


by  errata 
ned  to 

lent 

une  pelure, 

fapon  h 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

CAAJ 


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lATE   I 


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AW  ACCISIATE 


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INTERESTING  ACCOUNT 

or  THB 

^  ,  '  '       '  ■   ■ 

HABDSBiiPS  AND  SUFFERINGS 

OF    THAT 

BlI^D  OF  HEROES, 

WHO    TRAVERSED  THE  WILDERNESS 


■jj' 


IN  THB 


■It 
■  ■'■■<*■ 


CAMPAIGN  AGAINSf 


IN  1775. 


^:o::^::o: 


•■^■v,;a 


BY  JOHN  JOSEPH  HENRY,  ESQ. 

LAtE,    PRESIDES^  OF   ^HE   SECOHJD    JUDICIAL   DtH' 
T'RICT'  OF   PESNSTLVANIA. 


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TO  THS  ]PIJBUC. 


%*^'  *• 


THIS  work  is  given  to  the  w^ld,  as  left 
by  judge  Henry.  Had  he  lived  td  ^perm« 
tend  the  printing  of  it  himself,  many  dtera* 
tions  would,  ^  no  doubt,  have  been  made,  rasi^ 
ny  i^assages  which  may  at  present  appear  ob« 
scure,  would  have  been  fully  explained,  and 
many  differencies  of  style  corrected.  As  the 
work  purports  to  be  written  by  judge  Hjbn^ 
BY,  it  was  thought  improper  to  make  my 
alterations  or  additions,  trusting  that  dip 
world,  when  acquamted  with  the  circuln- 
stances  under  which  it  was  published,  will 
be  disposed  to  pardon  trivial  errors,  as  to 
Ac  truth  of  the  principal  facts ;  the  following 
letter,  from  general  Michael  Simpson,  is  am- 
ple testimony : 


•'•■•K, 


W-. 


i 


I   ! 


Dear  Sir, 

I  have  read  yoar  work  **oF  the  expc- 
dition  through  the  wilderness  in  1775."  So 
far  as  I  wais  concerned,  in  the  transactions 
related  in  the  work,  they  are  truly  stated. 
That  expedition,  perhaps,  the  most  arduous 
i3m*iiig  the  revolutionary  war^  is  truly  re- 
pcesented.   The  public  may,  in  the  general, 

J^  assured,  that  the  account  is  genuine*  ^ 

-  ■--  * 

Toqr  humble  servant,     , 

I*',    '    «  ■  •  «    ■  •  -  r  <  t  '  i  rf 


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1  -  *. 


A. J"  . 


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UFE  OF  THE 


WBITTSir  BT  HIS  DAVOBTEIt. 


THERE  is  M  observation  trite,  true,  and 
universally  admitted,  that  the  lives  or  those  who 
have  not  embraced  a  viride  sphere  of  actioni^ 
are  uninteresting  and  perfectly  devoid  of  any* 
incitements  to  attention.  Biography  of  Warn-* 
ors,  statesmen,  is  perused  with  avidity — >but 
it  is  not  merely  their  own  history,  but  that  o^ 
the  times,  in  'which  they  lived,  at  least  par^ 
tially  so«  But  descending  to  the  greatef 
Walks  of  life,  when  we  trac^  the  history  of  a 
good  and  unfortunate  man,  through  all  Ait 
varied  evolutions,  that  peculi^ly  mark  )ii$ 
&te,  and  prevent  him  from  being  enroll  ^ 
jthc  list  of  those  beings,  who  have  foufi^tfe 
|iath  divested  of  thorns-^it  is  %  some,  sttf 
jpteresdng ;  andtlAthough  the  incidentis|ire  n<i 
tS  a  nature  to  exci|e  Wonders  4^oni$ti^i|^ii^ 


5> 


» 


^H[ 

r 

1'' 

1 

^^H'; 

l 

^^^^^^^B 

■  'r' 

HI 

I 

they  may  still  possess  the  power  to  call  forth 
the  sympathy  of  minds  of  feeling — minds  that 
have  been  taught  to  feci  another's  woe.         * 

John  Joseph  Henry,  the  author  of  the foU 
lowing  pages,  was  born  November  4th,  1758^ 
at  Lancaster^  Pennsylvania — his  father  Wil- 
liam Henry,  Esc^.  a  man  whose  memo- 
ry is  still  revered  by  those  who  possessed 
any  knowledge  of  him,  his  strict  honesty  and 
known  p|a|)ity,  renders  it  sacred  to  such  as 
claimed  him  as  their  friend.  He  was  pos- 
sessed of  a  mechanical  genius  in  a  strong  de- 
gree ;  he  it  was,  who  invented  the  well  known 
screw-auger. 

Warmly  addicted  to  this  his  favorite  pas* 
sioH,  he;  wished  to  imbibe  into  the  minds  of 
his  children,  a  taste  for  mechanics ;  with  some 
of  them  he  succeeded.  As  soon  as  hb  son 
John  Joseph,  had  attained  the.  age  of  14» 
lie  bound  him  an  apprentice  to  aQuUncle,  who 
was  a  gunsmith,  then  a  resident  at  Lancaster^ 
but  after  sometiiYie  removed  to  Detroit,  tak- 
ing his  nephew  with  him.  At  that  place,  his 
stay  was  but  short,  on  account  of  scarcity  of 
business — he  retui^ned  on  foot  with  a  single 
givide^  who  died  in  the  wilderness^  which  lay 
between  Detroit  and  his  home— it  was  here 
that  hardships  and  misfortune  first  were  felt, 
bis  future  companions  during  a  length  of 
years,    devoted  *  to   God  ^iuaC  ^is  CQiintry^ 

ISfm  H^»^^  ^!f?^  %^  J^f^  ^ 


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lis 
of 
:le 

>y 

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home,  dissatisfied  with  the  employment,  t 
judicious  father  hi\A  pointed  out  for  him«  tt$ 
the  means  by  wbicn  he  wished  him  to  gain 
a  future  subsistance.-—His  arduous  mind  pant- 
ed after  military  glory:  the  troubles  of  his 
country^  which  was  then  making  vigorous, 
and  ultimately  successful  struggles  for  a  total 
emancipation  from  slavery,  wrought  strongs 
ly  upon  one,  the  acme  of  whose  hopes  and 
wishes  was,  to  be  one  of  those  who  contended 
most  for  freedom.  In  the  fall  of  1775,  he 
clandestinely,  joined  a  regiment  of  men  raised 
in  Lancaster  county,  for  the  purpose  of  join- 
ing Arnold,  who  at  that  time,  wi^s  stationed 
at  Boston.  His.  father  was  commissary  to  the 
troops,  which  office  obliged  him  to  attend 
them  to  Reading.  It  was  at  this  time,  under 
circumstances,  which  rendered  bim  most  It* 
able  to  detection  from  his  parent,  he  left  his 
home  to  wander  at  the  age  of  16,  in  a  strange 
land.  Thus  a  thirst  for  glory,  inflamed  lus 
youthful  breast,  and  superseded  every  other 
passion  apd  affection  of  his  heart.  After  en- 
during all  the;  fatigues  of  a  veteran  scddier^ 
they  entered  Canada  on  his  .birth-day-*-'4tn 
eventful  one  to  him.  He  endured  hardships 
here,  which  in  his  own  simple  style,  he  fully 
enumerates.  It  was  in  prison,  where  he  lay 
for  nine  months,  thjit  he  contracted  a  disease^ 
jthte  scurvy,)  wh|<^>  at  that  time,  did  ik^ 
%d6|te  its  app^£U^n^~l>ut  six  weeks  afiet* 


t 


i^ 


■H':^ 


e 


w^rds  on  his  return  home,  at  a  time  when 
least  expected,  it  made  its  appearance  under 
its  most  malignant  form-«»it  was  at  a  time^ 
when  it  became  a  duty  incumbent  on  him^ 
to  continue  in  the  army*  A  captaincy  had 
been  procured  for  him  in  the  Virginia  line^ 
and  a  lieutenancy  in  that  of  Pennsylvania, 
he  had  designed  to  accept  of  the  command  un« 
der  the  hero  Morgan,  which  was  that  of  cap* 
tain,  but  the  disposer  of  all  events,  arrested 
his  carreer,  and  instead  of  his  fond  expecta* 
tions  being  accomplished,  all  his  hopes  were 
blasted,  his  high  prospects  jaded,  and  be^ 
c^me  a  dreary  void,  bv  the  order  of  that 
Omnipotence,  who  furnished  him  with  that 
fortitude,  which  enabled  him  through  all  his 
misery,  to  kiss  the  rod  that  chastised  him* 
It  was  after  two  years  continuance  on  the 
couch  of  sickness,  his  leg,  which  was  the  un* 
fortunate  cause  of  all  his  illness,  began  to  heal, 
and  renovated  health,  to  give  hopes  of  peace 
yet  remained  for  him. 

'  As  his  lameness  precluded  all  possibility 
of  his  again  entering  the  army ;  asvhe  had,  by 
a  disregard  of  parental  authority,  at  least  so 
hr  as  concerned  his  trade,  forfeited  his  claim 
to  his  father's  exertions,  to  place  him>  in  such 
a  situation,  as  would. make  him  capable  of 
rendering  himself  useful  to  society*  A  vigor- 
ous effort  on  his  part  was  n^ssary-;  resolu- 
tion was  not  wanting;   it  was, made.     He 


'  J 


'•*-• 


t 

bound  himself  as  an  apprentice  to  John  Hub- 
tey ,  Esq.  prothonotary  of  the  county  of  Lan- 
caster, as  a  clerk  in  the  office,  here  for  four 
years,  he  pursued  his  business  with  the  closest 
application,  and  discharged  the  duties  ^  of  his 
ofhce  with  unabated  care  and  strictness,  and 
when  the  labors  of  the  day  were  over,  his 
nights  were  consumed  in  study,  endeavoring 
to  compensate  himself  in  some  measure,  for 
the  neglect,  that  his  education  had  suffered  by 
his  becoming  a  soldier.  His  frame  still  some- 
what debilitated  by  ))is  illness,  was  not  capable 
of  sustainiiig  the  fatigues  of  office,  his  health 
suffered  much  from  labour  so  severe  and  aj[y> 
plication  so  intense.  The  time  of  his  indem 
tures  being  expired,  he  commenced  the  stur- 
dy of  the  law,  under  Stephen  Chambersr, 
Esq.  Here  he  became  acquainted  with  his 
future  companion  in  life,  the  youngest  sister 
of  Mr.  Chambers.  He  practbed  law  from 
the  year  1785,  until  December  1793.  As 
his  law  knowledge  was  known  to  be  exten«> 
sive,  his  abilities  and  talents  met  their  due 
reward,  with  an  appointment,  by  his  ex- 
cellency Thomas  Mifflin,  Governor,  to  the 
office  of  president,  of  the  second  judicial  dis* 
trict  of  Pennsylvania. 

'  A  number  of  years  had  now  elapsed,  his 
family  was  large ;  by  an  Unfortunate  removal 
to  a  country,  at  that  period*  sickly^  he  was 
attacked  by  the  gout^  whtcb  from  inexpert^ 


■'^.-'M 


'»•.• 


A 


10 

ence,  and  owing  to  his  having  lio  knotiif^gie 
as  to  the  consequences  tot  ivould  necessari- 
ly ensue,  did  not  take  proper  precautions, 
so  as  to  render  it  a  regular  disease.  Under 
tbalc  deceptious  name,  numerous  disorders 
invaded  his  frame,  and  at  times  with  so  much 
severity,  that  he  was  necessitated  to  continue 
at  home,  and  prevented  him  from  executing 
his  official  duties  as  a  judge.  It  was  during 
seven  long  years  of  bodily  suffering,  that  his 
mind  and  memory,  reverted  to  those  scenes 
(more  forcibly  than  ever)  which  formed  so 
^eventful  a  pembd  in  a  life  bf -mi^eft«ine  an4 
vicissitude.  The  interesting  narrative  of  the 
sufferings  of  that  band  of  heroes,  of  which  he 
was  the  youngest,  is  a  simple  tale  of  truth, 
.which  he  undeviatingly  throughout  his  book; 
adheres  to.  .      '- 

'  He  is  supported  in  all  his  assertions,  by 
.the  testimony  of  a  number  of  his  compan- 
ions in  that  arduous  Campaign,  men-.of  cha^ 
meter  and  respectability— his  relation  o{  inci<» 
dents,  his  descriptive  accounts  of  the  couh«^ 
try  they  passed  through,  the  situation  of  Que^' 
bee  and  the  disposition  of  the  army*  all  mark 
him  to  have  been  a  youth  of  accurate  ob- 
servation, of  a  comprehensive  and  intelligent 
mind.  Possessing,  as  he  must  necessarily 
have  done,  activity  of  spirit  and  ccMfitempt  of  fa- 
tigue, he  gained  the  approbation  and  esteem 
qHus  senbrs.    The  bi^oy^ant  spirits  df  youth 


w 


t.m«m    "    ■~-.Tfy<dX.)i,iiM1iiiiu- 


11 


rose  high  over  misfortune ;  under  the  pres* 
sure  of  the  severest  distress,  vivacity  was 
stitt  retained,  and  burst  forth  at  intervals  to 
cheer  his  hopeless  companions* 

Disease  had  now  made  rapid  progress  on  a 
Constitution  weakened  by  repeated  attacks, 
and  accumulation  of  disorders,  which  no  skill 
could  counteract  or  remedy*  The  nonper* 
formance  of  his  duties  caused  petitions,  from 
the  several  counties,  to  be  presented  to  the 
legislature,  for  his  removal ;  nothing  was  al- 
Ic^d  against  him  but  absence.  Tlmt  honor- 
^e  house,  having  examined  and  considered 
^  charges,  acquitted  him  vnth  honor*  His 
commission  he  retained  for  the  space  of  two 
years  afierwards-^but  illness  and  debility  in^ 
creasing,  and  a  knowledge  of  his  infirmities^ 
t>eing  incurably  compelled  him  to  resign  that 
office,  which  he  had  held  with  integnty,  for 
seventeen  years.  Four  months  succeeding, 
his  womout  frame  was  destined  to  feel  the 
stroke  of  death,  and  his  freed  soul,  to  seek 
reftige  in  the  bosom  of  his  Father  and  his 
God, 


'■■    V  ; 


V' 


v-fi. 


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CAliPAIOIf  AiGAIirsr'l^DEBSia  «f«. 


^^l:- 


Mr  SBAB  cmmmmsir. 


.y..'i/. 


nraEiUS  kap«i«lr  in  dke  kisteiy  of  tbe 
Ameicicaii  revolvdoD^  hklierto  IMlle  attieiided  tof 
aa  yet  imperfeetl^E  related^  and  now  at  tlii»  late 
day  alnott  f^ivottea  f  wl^f h  wanld  dswiire  and 
nequire  tbe  talBnls  mid  genint  of  a  Xenoj^n^ 
to  do  it  veal  ^astiee.    As  yaitr  father  in  eaT^ 
life  bad  a  eoneern  in  ttutt  a^Yenturer  permit  Mm 
to  relate  to  yon  in  tfae  words  of  truiiiy  a  eom- 
p^aAiona  detidl  of  Ike  suiferings  of  a  sn»ill  lyand 
i^lievaes;  unused^  to  be  snre,  to  military  tae- 
ties  and  dae  subordinationt  but  whose  soalswere 
fired  by  an  eatbiislastie  loTe  of  eountry»  and  a 
spirit  sueh  i»  bas  often  inspiried  our  aaeestors^^ 
wlien  determined  to  be  free.    In  giviil^  yon  tbi» 
relation^  knowing  lum  asyoa  do,  you  willsdiree- 
ly  eall  in  question  bis  yeraeity^   partienlarly 
when  be  assures  you  apon  ^e  honor  of  at^  f|;ea« 
(leman  and  an  honest  many  that  every  word  liei<ei 
i^elatedy  to  the  best  of  his  reeolleetion  and '1^ 
liefy   is  literally  true.    He  eouid  not  be  so^li'^ 
jlUst  to  your  morals^  yonr  veraeity,  or  kitiMlly/ 
as  to  state  any  thing  to  yon  whieh  he  kn^^  Olf 
e^ea  suspeeted  to  be  untrue.^    He  has  himself 
been  loo  miieh  the  victfm  of  base  liars,  not  to  en- 
fWavdtur  to  eradicate  so  vile  a  principk  from  your 
Itikids^  His  own  eduoation,  though  made  b^  bis 
trnantisms,  (i»  aveidaiiee  of  the  bouat^u6  and 


.h&: 


\ 

\ 

X 


14 


r:- 


>  ^ 


liberal  designs  of  his  good  father^)  an  incor- 
vect  one^  yet  the  piety  and  real  religious  fer- 
Tour  of'  his^  parents»  never  would  tolerate^  a  lie* 
This  mental  vieey  to  them^  was  the  greatest  of 
all  abmninationsy  as  it  is  with  your  father :  it 
is  also  his  most  fervent  hope  and  prayer,  that 
<; very  one  of  you,  will  not  only  contemn  the  lie, 
liut  hold  in  sovereign  detestation  the  liar. 

Persons  at  your  age,  and  at  this  advanced  staged 
of  the  improvement  and  melioration  of  our  soil. 
Ml  a'^elimate  so  far  south  as  ours,  can  scarcely 
IbrBi ji  dorreet  conception,  but  from  actual  ob-^ 
^eryJCqdn,   of  the  sterility,  the  dreariness  and; 
the  destitution  of  every  comfort  of  life,  which  a 
wilderness  in  a  high  northern  latitude  exhibits. 
A  confidence  however  in  your  good  sense,  en^^ 
courages,  and  in  ^ct  animates,  him,  to  put  tha^u 
upon  pape|^  which  has  a  thousand  tinies,  in  de- 
tached parcels,    been  the  sulyect  of  amusing 
prattle  around  the  fireside.    This  is  dqne  the  ra- 
ther at  this  time,  as  some  very  atrocious  scoun- 
drels who  never  looked  an  enemy  in  the  eye,  now 
;»s8ume  the  garlands  and  honors,  which  ought 
to  adorn  the  brows  of  more  worthy  men. 

in  the  autumn  of  1775,  our  adorable  wasiiixg- 
TON,  thought  it  prudent  to  make  a  descent  up- 
oii  Canada.  A  detachment  from  the  American 
grand  army,  then  in  the  vic^inity  of  Boston  (Mas- 
sachusetts,) was  organized,  to  fulfil  this  inten-  ^^ 
tioiu  by  the  route  of  the  Kennebec  and  Chau- 
dieoBrivers*  It  was  intended  as  a  co-operation 
wit^llie  army  of  General  Montgomery,  who  had 
^ntereid  the  same  province,  by  the  way  of  Cham- 
plaine  and  Montreal.  Colonel  Benedict  Arnold 
wa»  appointed  the  commander  in  chief  of  the 
whole  division.  The  detachment  consisted  of 
ji^ven  hundved  men.    Enos  was  second  in  com- 


IS 


of 


'■t* 


ttiand.  Of  this  I  knew  nothing,  hut  from  re- 
port* BIfleinen  composed  a  part  of  the  arma- 
ment. These  companies,  from  sixty-fiv%  to  se- 
venty-five strong,  were  from  the  southward : 
that  is,  captain  Daniel  Morgan's  company  frotn 
Virginia;  that  of  captain  William  Hendricks^ 
from  Cumberland  county  in  Pennsylvania^  and 
captain  Matthew  Smitli's  company  from  the 
county  of  Lancaster,  in  the  latter  province.  The 
residue,  and  bulk  of  this  corps,  coi^sisted  of  troops 
IVom  Massachusetts,  Rhode-Island  and  Connec- 
ticut. It  has  flown  from  my  memory,  whether 
we  had  any  from  New-Hampshire  $  but  there 
is  an  impression  on  my  mind  that  we  had^  as 
general  Dear{)orne>  who  was  of  the  latter  pro- 
vince, commanded  a  company  in  the  expedition* 
All  the^se  men  were  of  as  rude  aild  haMy  a  race 
as  ourselves,  and  as  unused  46 1^  discipline  of  a 
caMp,  and  as  fearless  as  We  w*ere.  It  fell  to  m& 
to  know  many  of  them  afterwards  intimately ; 
speaking  genei*ally»  without  any  allusion  t^par- 
ticulars,.  they  were  an  cxeellent  body  ofmeuy 
formed  by  nature  as  the  stamina  of  an  army,  fit- 
ted for  a  tougii  and  tight  defence  of  the  Vherties 
of  their  'country.  The  principal  distinctloit  be- 
tween us,-  was  in  our  dialeets,  our  armi^  and 
our:  dre^.  Each  man  of  the  three  companies^ 
bore  a  rifle -barreled  gun,  a  tomehawk,  or  small 
axe,  and  a  long  knife,  usually  called  a  <<  scalp- 
ing-knife,''  which  served  for  all  purposely  in 
the  woods.  His  under-dress,  by  no  means  in 
a  military  style,  was  covered  by  a  d^ep  ash- 
colored  hunting-shirt,  leggins  and  mockasins^ 
if  the  latter  could  be  procured.  It  waMhe  sit- 
|y  jpushion  of  those  times^t  for  rifiemeif  to  f^ 
tb^  manners  of  savages. : 


^'  ■ 


.  ^ 


16 


!. 

: 


Our  e^minander  Arnold,  inTat  of  a  refdavkablc 
eiarsieter.  Hewasbrave,  eyen  to  tejiiei^ly,  ivafi 
belgyejl  by  the  soldiery,  perhaps  lor  that  <]uali- 
tj  i>B.ly:-— 'he  possessed  great  jpowers  of  pci<sua» 
^oii,  was  eomplaisaiii  :  but  wi^al  soi^idly  ava* 
rieidus.  Arnold  was  a  short  liandsome  man,  of 
a  Horrid  eomplexion,  stoutly  made,  and  forty 
years  ohl  at  least,  > 

Qn  the  other  hand  Morgan  was  a  large  strong 
bodied  personage,  whose  appearance  ^Te  the 
idea  itistory  has  left  tfs  of  Belisarius.  His 
manners  were  of  the  severer  cast;  but  where 
be  became  attaehcid  he  was  kind  and  truly  affec- 
iionate,  Tliis  h  said,  from  experience  of  tlie 
most  sensitive  aad  pleasing  nature  ;aetivity,  spi-* 
rii  and  courage  fa  a  soldier,  proeored  lii»  good 
will,  and  #)itecm* 

Hendrioks  w^aa  tall,  of  a  mild  and  beaudful 
eountenanoe*  Hi^  soul;  was  animated  by  a  gea*' 
nine  spark  of  heroism*  Smith  was  a  good  look-^ 
ing  man,  had  the  air  of  a  soldier,  was  illiterate 
and  outrageously  talkative.  -  The  oiBeers  of  the 
eastern  troops,  were  many  of  them  men  of  sterU 
ing  worth.  Colonel  Christopher  Green  seemed 
too  far  advanced  in  life  for  sueh  hard  service, 
yet  he  was  inspired  by  an  ardour  bceoming  a' 
youtlu  He  afterwards  did  the  pirbiic-g^^! 
service  at  Bedbank  on  the  Delaware,  in  the 
autumn  of  1777.  Majors  Meigs^  Fcbiger  uiid 
Bigelow,  were  excellent  oharacters.  As  we  act-^ 
cdxia  the  advance,  the  latter  gentlemen  wer«  not 
w:eU  known  to  us,  uatil  some  time /after  wards. 
Youi*  father  was  too  young  to  enjoy  any  other 
honor,  than  that  of  exposing  himself  in  tlie  elm* 
raider  of  a  cadet,  to  every  danger.  This  littler  ^ 
Army  in  high  spirits,  marched  from  Prospeet-* 
hill  near  Cambridge  la  Massachusetts,  on  tho^ 


'I? 


'17 

11th  of  September^  1775,  and  arrived  at  New- 
buryport  (which  is  formed  bjr  the  waters  of  the 
Merrimac  ril'er)  on  the  following  day.  This 
plaee,  at  that  time,  was  a  small  but  commereial 
to wn,  near  the  boi^r  of  Ma«saehuse tts.  Here 
we  remained  eneaniped  live«daysy  providing  our- 
selvQS  with'^neh  articles  of  reai  necessity,  as  ouir 
small  means  afibrded*  On  the  afternoon  of  the 
sixth  day>  we  embarked  aboard  of  ten  transports; 
sailed  in  the  evenings  and  at  dawn  of  day  des* 
cried  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebee  river.  The 
wind  was  strong  but  fair.  The  distance  of  this 
run  was  ^50  miles.  We  ascended  the  river  tO 
coloQcl  Oobourn's  shipyard;  here  we  left  our 
vessels,  and  obtained  batteaux,  with  which  we 
proceeded  to  Fort-western.  At  this  place,,  otit 
the  day  of  our  arrival,,  an  arrangeoient  was 
made  by  the  commander  in  chief,  which  in  all 
probability  sealed  the  diestiny  of  your  parent* 
It  was  coneludedj  rto  despatch  an  officer  and  sev^en 
men  in  advance,  for  the  purposes  of  ascertaining, 
and  marking  the  paths,  which  were  used  by  tht 
Indians  at  the  numerous  carrying-places  in  the 
wilderness,  towards  the  heads  of  the  river;  and^ 
also,  to  ascertain  the  course  of  the  river  Chaun 
diere,  which  runs  from,  the  heighth  of  land,  to-^ 
wards  Quebec 

To  give  some^  degree  of '  certftiiity  of  succeaS' 
to  so  hazardoiis  an  enterprise,  Arnold  found  it 
necessary  to'S^leot^an  ofllcer  of  activity  and  cou- 
rage ;  the  choice  fell  upon  Archibald  Steele  of 
Smith's  company,^  a  man  of  an  active,  courage- 
ous, sprightly  and  hardy  dispositionr.  who  wa» 
compliniented  with  ^e  privilege  of  naming  his 
companions.  These  consisted  of  Jesse  Wheeler^ 
George  Merchant,  and  James  Clifton,  of  Mor*^ 
gan's;  and  Robert  Cunningham^  Thomas  Boyd^ 

B  2 


*-'i- 


1^ 


I 


%■ 


.:  18 


•  ■  - '.  #• 


John  Tidd,  and  Jolra  M<Konk«y,  of  8nit1i'4i  •om- 
pany.  Tkoagh  a  very  jouitf  yet  in  a  tnnll  de« 
gre«  aeeustomed  to  hardships^  dterhcd  firotn  long 
Inarcfaeiio  the  Amoricaa  VKiodo,  Sloele'c  oourito 
of  odeotioki  seiU  fell  uponyour  fatiier>  who  was 
luB  meiBinate  and  friead.  Two  bipoh-bark  oa- 
Boes  were  farorided ;  and  twd  guides,  oeiehrated 
ioof  the  mmiagemeit  ^  so/eli  water  oraft^  and 
wlko  knew  the  ri^r  «e  high  «^  at  the  Gveat- 
esLtrjia^^weifi  were  also  Ibnnd*  These  were 
JoMmiah  Qeiehel»  a  very  reepeetaiie  asan^  and 
John  Iionio>  an  Irishmaa  who  kad  growA  f;fey 
kl  this  leolii  eiioiatc* 

"■■  TMs  small  party,  aaeoneeieus  of  danger,  and 
aninated  by  a  hope  of  applause  from  th^ir  eoaa'i' 
try,  vet  forward  from  Fort*weeterniki  their  light 
barks,  atUierate  of^  freed  fifleea  to  tweaty,  and 
Ingobdwa^r,  twenty-HiFe  niles  per  day.  These 
eaimee  are  eo  iighty  that  a  persoa  of  eommoa 
strength,  nmy  mirty  one  of  the  soialler  kkidy 
9«eh  as  ours  were,  many  hundred  yards  without 
halthig.*  Yet  tbey  will  bear  a  great  harthen, 
and  ewim  iiearly  j^nwale  deep;^  an  admirable 
deseriptioa  of  thiem  Is  giiren  by  H^arae,  la  his 
Jtonmey  to  tlie  Coppeniiine'4*rvor.  Stem's  ea- 
noe,  here  ^fivo  men  with  their  amis  and  baggage^ 
whieh  last  was  indeed  light  in  quantity  and  <i«ia'' 
1^,  one  barrel  of  pork,  one  bag  of  meaH  and 
sod  weight  of  bisottit  'I^e  other  eauoe  earrled 
seven  mea,  their  ananwdbag^ge,  and  a  due 
proportioa  of  provislieir 

On  ^e  fvetii^g  of  tht  lt$d  of  Septeatber^  oar 
party  arrived  at  Fert-fialifax,  Ritaated  on  the 
pbint,  Ibnaed  by  a  jaaetiOB  of  the  Sabastieoog 
aad  Kenmeliee  i4Ters»     Het«  our  eommaader 


«  Ate  Note  X  at  the  entk 


19 


id4eete»  \ra8  ftecosted  by  a  captain  Han*i8<nif«r 
UudilleBt<Mie»  inviting  him  and  the  company  to 
his  house.  The  invitation  wns  gladly  aceeptedf 
as  the  aceommodation  at  the  Forty  which  O0ii« 
listed  of  old  Bloek-h^asesand  astoeade  in  a  ruin- 
oiM  statCy  did  B#t  admit  of  mueh  eomlort ;  besides 
it  was  iotiabitedf^  as  euv  friend  the  eaptaki  said# 
hw  VLTonk  twry.  Hene  for  the  first  time  the  ap« 
plication  of  the  American  term  <*  tory%*^  vras  de- 
fined to  Bie  by  the  eaptain.  Its  European  den* 
nition  was  well  known  before.  Another  inters- 
estiag  eonversatieny  upon  the  part  of  the  captain^ 
strdcl^  my  mind  as  a  great 'carkysitj^  in  natural 
history^  and  well  deserving  eommemoratlon ;  he 
observed  that  he  had  emigrated  to  the  place 
he  tlien  resided  at^  about  thirty  years  beforei 
most  probably  with  his  parents,  for  he  did  not 
then  appear  to  be  much  beyond  forty.  That  at 
that  period  the  eammen^er  which  now  ipha- 
Mts  our  more  southern  elimate,  wiis  the  only  an- 
imaly  of  tile  deer  kind^  which  they  knew,  un- 
less it  was  tlie  elks;  and  them  iHit  partially* 
In  a  short  space  of  time  the  moose-deer  appeared 
in  small  numbers^  but  increased  annually  after* 
wttrdsy  mnd  as  the  one  species  became  more  na<* 
ntierousy  tlie  other  diminished  :  so  tlMVt  the  kind 
of  deer  first  spoken  of,  at  the  ti^e  ef  this  infor^ 
maliouy  according  to  the  captain,  was  totally 
driven  from  that  quarter.  f|^lie  moose^deer  reign- 
ed the  master  of  the  forest*  This  anecdote.  If 
true,  might  in  such  minds 'fts  those  of  Bnffbn,  or 
De  Paw,  ffive  occasions  to  systems  in  natural-his- 
toryi  t'OtaUy  inconsistent  with  the  laws  ef  nature  $ 
stili  there  may  be-  something  in  It ;  animals  like 
human  beings,  whether  forced  1^  neeessity  or 
fihom  choice^  do  emigrate.  Many  instances  might 
be  ^ven  of  Ibis  circumstance  of  the  animal  eto* 


ao 

Qoiii^.  io  vs9*i<ni«  par(j»  of  tho  worM.  The  above 
relation  is  this  onl^Jqatanee  which, bas  oome  to 
wy  knowl^dge^  ^vlnere  one  sp^eies  has  expelled 
apother  of  tbet  siime  eenus.  If  the  faet  be  true, 
it  Js  eHhev  efre<?led  pj  a  species  of  wap{hie,v  or 
some  peculiarity  in  the  appearance  of  the  one 
kind,  and  of  horror  or.  perhaps  of  diiigast  in  the 
other,  we  know  Uie  rpchL^goatjf^fem&QeAr  cf  the 
Germans  and  hoqmtln  of  the  French)  formerly 
inhabited  the  l<^w  bills, of  southern  France  and 
of  the  Pyrenees  I.  th^y  have  been  driven  thence 
by  some  peculiar  cause*  for  they  are  now  eour 
Aned  to  the  tops  of  the  hiKhest  mbuntsiins  in 
Europe.  It  is  true,  it  has  been  f  requeptly  ad*- 
vaneed  by  men  of  respectability  and  information 
in  Pennsylvania,  that  the  grey- fox  which  is  indi- 
genous in  the  United  Statef,  and  all  North  Ame- 
rica, hlK8 been  dHven  from  the  Atlantic  sea-eoast 
into  the  interior,  by  the  introduction  of  the  red- 
fpx  fi^ja  Europe*  But  we  have  no  sufficient 
data ,  to  warrant  this  assertion.  The  truth  pro- 
iMibly  is,  that  as  the  grey-fox  is  a  dull  and  slow 
animal,  compared  with  the  sprightliness,  rapidi- 
ty, and  cunning  of  the  red-fox,  that  the  first  has 
ifeen  thinned  by  the  huntsmen]^  and  gradually  re- 
ceded from  the  seacoast  to  the  forest,  where, 
ffom  bin  habits,  he  is  more  secure.  The  cun- 
ning and  ppM>^:ess  of  the  latter,  has.enabled  him 
to  nuiiiatain  his  station  ^mong  the  farms,  jn  de- 
spite of  tbe  swiftness  and  powerful  scent  of  .the 
do^S;.  But  that  which  puts  this  assertion  out  of 
view,  is  that  the  red-fox  is  indigenous  through- 
out ISforth  America.  He  and  the  grey-fox  are 
jy^nd  j^^iiie  highest  latitudes,  but  there,  their 
skins  are:  d^apgediuto  more  beautiful  furs  tifKo^ 
those  of  ours,:  by  the  effects  of  climate^  ^^M^ 
v^t  notion  has  been  started  within  thei^  i9 


\ 


—     \ 


/ 


21 


years  pMt,  <if  tiae  fox  M)tiirte1»  cxp^Iliilg  t1kt 
IHrge  gvej  squitrel :  but  it  Is  fallaeiofif. 

Be  these  tbHigs  as  tliey  may*  we  %pMkt  ati 
a|;reeable  and  most  soeiable  eteaing  wilh  tbis 
res^etable  iitan»  and  his  amifible  fbiniij.  Oh 
the  folio wi'iig  dayt  oui'  party  rose  early^  and  ae» 
Gompanied  by  eur  host » "waited  oppiHl  the  for^y 
who  then  shewed  liiinself  to  be  an  honest  man^ 
of  independent  principlesy  and  who  claimed  the 
right  of  thinking  for  himself.  He  exchanged  a 
barrel  of  smoke-dried  salmon  for  a  barrel  of 
porky  upon  honest  terms.  Vie  set  out  from  this 
plaoei  well  pleased  with  ear  hostf  the  old  tory, 
and  our  bargain.  In  atery  few  dirf s^  wttjheut 
other  aeeidesFt  than  the  spraining  of  UeutenUnt 
Bteele*s  ailcley  by  bis  slipping,  when  earrylng  a 
eanoe  o?er  the  path,  at  one  of  the  intertnediate 
portages^  we  arrived  safely  at  Norrigew<>e  Ibrts* 
Cotnidg  to  the  landing  place,  the  water  being 
smootli  and  very  deep,  a  reek,  as  We  paised  it, 
drew  ttiy  attention  yery  particulariy,;  it  was 
standittg  ifti  a'eenieal  form,  five  D^et  in  perpen« 
dieular  bei^ht,  and  ten  or  twelve  fo^t  in  dt. 
ameter  at  the  base^  1  0bserved  that  jiej&i  Ibt0 
water,  tbe  face  of  thiB  r&j»k>  whicir  Ims  a  bla-> 
ish  flint,  was,  as  it  wer<^f  scalloped  oat,  dowft 
to  the  very  water^s  edgi^i  Asking  Getefael  bdW 
this  had  oeciirrecl»~  bis  reply  was  that  the  Irtdi- 
ansi  in  former  "iiiaes^  had  from  tlienee  oirtafneif 
thefr^pe^r  and  arrow  paints.  It  seems  unrea^ 
sonable  that  wHbout  a  knmirledge  of  iimo^  they 
shouljd  have  beeil  capable  of  executing  saeb  a 
labour.  However^  upon  observation  and,  renc^*^ 
tfai^  ^nee  Gtitcbel^s  time,  an  indaceitatettt  f  rdm 
ei^Henee  and  reasottiilg  eecurs^  whidi  iaflu^ 
ii^es  me  to  believe,  that  he  might. baVje  be^' 
e#teet  in  bis  ebservatioflr  Theroek,  ao^  doubt. 


22 


still  remalnsy  and  there  ia  leisiire  for  Inquirer 
and  discussion.  We  were  hurried*  The  village 
i¥ithin  one  hundred  yards  of  the  piteh  of  the 
fall)  wns  evidently  a  deserted  Indian  town.  We 
saw  1)0  one  there ;  It  was  without  the  vestige 
of  inhahitants.  Dressing  our  viotualr  here  at 
mid-dfiy,  an  ooeurrenoe  happened^:  whieh  dis- 
gusted me  in  an  extreme  degree.  On  this  day^ 
an  estimate  of  our  food  was  made,  and  an  allo<;<» 
ment  in  quantity  tQ  each  man,  though  no  aetu^^ 
al  separation  of  shares  took  place,  as  thatf  it 
was  a|^reedf  should  happen  at  the  twelvermile 
carrying  place.  By  the  estimate  now  made,  jLt 
seemed  that  there  was  something  of  a  surplus. 
As  we  had  had  hard  work,  that  and  some  pre-» 
ceding  days,  and  harder;  fare,  our  g^od  com- 
mander was  inclined  to  indulge  us«  The  sur^ 
plus  was  allotted  for  this  day^s  fisre.  It  hapf* 
pened  that  M'Konkey  was,  by  routine,  the 
cook.  He  boiled  the  meat,  (vegetabte  food  of 
any  kind  was  not  attainable,)  and  when  saunter*, 
ing  towards  the  fall,  he  called  us  to  dinner.  We 
eame  eagerly.  He  was  seated  on  the  earth,  near, 
i^e  wooden  bowl.  The  company  reclined  around, 
in  a  like  posture,  intejiding  to  partake ;  when 
M^Konkey  raising  his  vile  and  dirty  hands, 
struck  the.  meat,  exclaiming,  <<  By  G— d  this 
was  our  last  comfortable  roeal.^  /rhc  4adelit>fi-rr' 
oy  of  the  act,  its  impiety,,  and  the  grpssness  dl 
the  expression,  deprived  the  company  of  appe* 
tite.  On  several  subsequent  occasions  M^^on^ 
key  showed  himself  as  mean  in  spirit,  as  he  was 
4eveid  of  decency.  We  soon  rid  Gurselyes  of 
hjlm.  Many  years  afterwards,  at  Lancaster^  in 
Pennsylvania,  he  applied  and  received  a  Joan  by 
wisy  of  charity  from  me,  which  he  meanly  s<^* 
cited  with  the  most  abject  sycophancy. ,  So  t?u0^' 


23 


it  \§f  in  goneraly  that  those  who  disregard  the 
social  deeenolM  of  life^  are  eqaaily  ineapable  of 
those  virtues  which  make  man  respectable  in 
sooietj* 

On  the  afternoon  of  this  dayt  we  crossed  to' 
the  west  side  of  tiie  ri?er  helow  the  fall :  search- 
ed for^  and  with  difficulty  fdund  the  carrying 
place.  Having  marked  it  with  precision^  we 
rested  awhile.  On  the  west  side  of  the  river^ 
not  very  distant  from  us^  there  was  a  considera- 
ble extent  of  natural  meadow.  **  One  of  onrpar- 
ty»  3xploring  the  country  fo^r  deer^- met  with  two 
whJ  temen  who  had  come  frokn  a  distance^  mow- ' 
itig  the  wild  grass  of  the  meadow.  An  agree- ' 
ble  barter  ensued — we  gave  salted  porky  and 
they  returned  two  fresh  beaver' taiJs»  which, 
when  boiled^  renewed  ideas,  imbibed  with  the 
May-butter  of  our  own  country.  Taste,  howe- 
ver, ils  arbitrary,  and  often  the  child  of  neces- 
sity. Two  years  before  this,  aeorns  had  sup- 
plied me  with  a  precarious  sustenance,  on  a 
journey  from  Sandusky  to  Pittsburg,  it  momei^ir 
tarily  sustained  life  and  bodily  labour,  but  the 
consequence  was  ill  liealth.  Your  respectable 
kinsman,  G^^eneral  Gibson,  reeeived  me  into  his 
house  at  Logstown  on  the  Ohio,  and  restored  me 
sound  to  my  parents.  Thi^se  minute  matters 
s^re  noted  here,  from  an  expectation,  that  know- 
Ing  the  privations  men  may  suffer  in  respect  to 
food,  you  will  each  of  you  remember  to  receive 
the  dispensations  of  ProVifknce,  of  every  kind, 
if  not  with  thankfulness,  at  least  with  submis- 
sion. 

'We  passed  the 
Thence  for  several 

canoes  as  ours,  was  to^rable,  and  in  the^inbst 
im#i  eonvenient.    We  iaiiended  the  river  ipapid- 

*  See  Note  II. 


portag4|.  of  Norridgowo^  falls, 
(days,  f no  navigation  for  sueh 


. 


Iff  blaziiig  fvocj  €ari^iii9*plae(9«  Hniritig  jndw 
aecQiteii  many  mkf  fri»«i  <ii?.  la«t  white  InlHir^ 
t^ta^M  al;  KoiTi|dge;W<ic^  it  beoaipe  119  Ib^refoi^e 
to  proceed  cautiouslj.  A  eireumspeetuMi  iraa 
^ptedp  wiuuli  though  prudent  In  the  pi^e>#(Mi- 
meat  m»  were  ipi  Afp^areil  to  be  rath^  har«ki 
to  the  feelh^ai  tj^e  iriog  af  jaoiuQ  wa9ialilr 
mwi  i  though  the  y^ef^hf&p  waa !  chillk^t^  we.  dai** 
c^  feavjDefy  ihal^e  %  ^mkfi  at  night*  Ai^lag 
foir  tr^it  and  >«hiib  in  tlie  mMraing  and  evening* 
made  up  oar  atoek  of  fresh  lh«4.  ^e  frequeiil* 
If  mm  daeksy  &e*  and  waoy  inoose-deery  yet 
we  di^ehargeni  not  a  gaa;  in  truth  we  had  b^ea 
made  to  belie  vet  that  thia  eonntry  had  n«inerou$ 
I|idianftia  it, 

.  The  party  proeeedf^d  wit]iout.mo4estatio«»  but 
f|!oi|i  natural  reeky  and  a  strM  earrent  (jby  the 
arth  of  Septemberi)  to  the  tweiv^i^mil^  earry- 
log'plaee*  Here  a  new  seene  opened,  Owgaifljes 
professed  that  n«^tber  of  theia  bad  eyef  b^ea 
nprib  of  tbi»  place  aeross  the  carrying-plaeej 
but  Getehel.  alleged  he  had  huiiit^d  t^  tW-ea»t 
of  the  rtvcr,    .  : 

N(»w  we  nsgumed  ike  tUle  of  being  our  awn 
gl^Qf^  giving  tfv  Getebel  duet  respeetanOE  atten" 
tioa  fio^  y^^  infornx^^  the  vo<|te 

npf  tb#^  lle^  j^cforwed  ^ne  that  the  oour^  of  the 
river  whi«h  i*  iajipdieiously  eajled  the  **Dead 
river "  tended'  60  ^r  iOO  Wtiles.  norlherly^  too>k 
a  short  turn  south wardiy^  and  vi^as  the^^  within 
1^  laiiea  of  Its*  .  That  that  part  was  full  of  ra^ 
pids»  a<Bd  inip$^saUe  to,  boatsr  ^  ^ren  fianoes^ 
We  searched  lor  the  earrying-place^  and  found, 
a  path  tioterabl;^  distteielf  whiah  we  made  n»fire 
S9,  kj  blading  the  tree#^nd  snagging  tlie  bunliea 
vf%0^  our  tani^ha^hsi  pPi^?e^ng„natil  eveaHin^ 
th$i  party  ^^oaiap^A  ti^  .the  inai^i^  at  «^  Muw 


25 


i]  b^ea 

m^  but 
i>y  the 

g»iAes 


r  awii 
fitUni'- 
vwite 
of  the 
Bead 

took 
witUn 
af  rsn- 
anoes^ 
foumi 

m^e 


lake^  perhaps  about,  half  a  mile  ^idef  where 
tjhiere  was  plenty  of  trout»  whilih  did  Cliitoii> 
who  was  good  at  anglings  eaught  in  abundanee. 
Here,  in  a  cQnferenee  on  the  solijeot^  it  was  re- 
solved that  two  persons  of  the  party,  shoiuld  re* 
iniiin,  (with  about  one  half  of  the  provisionsy) 
until  the  return  of  our  main  body»  calculating 
the  return  would  be  in  eight  or  ten  day 9*  It 
had  been  observed  that  Clifton^  being  the  oldest 
,of  the  company^  yet  brave  and  a  good  shoty  from 
the  fatigueai  we  had  endured,  had  begun  to  fiag^ 
"With  the  assent  of  our  chief,  the  younger  part 
of  us  proposed  to  him  to  remain  where  we  then 
were,  with  the  better  part  of  the' provisions* 
After  considerable  altercation  he  assented,  on 
conditioh  of  his  having  ft  oompanion.  The  young- 
est of  the  party,  nominated  M'Konkeyy  who 
could  not  restrain  his  joy  at  the  proposal.  It 
was  advised  for  them  to  retire  to  the  south  end  of 
the  pdnd,  perhaps  a  mile,  and  there,  as  in  a  per- 
fect recess,  remain  concealed;  knowing  M^Kon- 
key,  the  consequences  were  foreseen.  After  the 
accompli slimcnt  of  this  aflTair,  lieutenant  Steele 
parted  the  provision  appropriated  for  the  march- 
ers, not  by  pounds  or  ounces,  my  dear  children^ 
but  by  '<  whose  shall  be  this/*  Some  of  you  have 
been  taught  how  this  is  done,  if,  yon  should 
have  forgotten,  it  will  be  well  now  to  tell  you 
of  it.  The  principal  of  the  party,  if  he  is  a 
gentleman  and  man  of  honor,  divides  the  whole 
portion  equally  into  as  many  parts  as  there  are 
nien  including  himself;  this  is  done  under  {he 
eyes  of  all  concerned,  and  with  their  approbation, 
the  oiBcer  then  directs  some  one  of  the  compa- 
ny to  turn  his  back  upon  him,  and  laying  liis 
hand  on  a  particular  portion,  asks  *^  whose  shall 
be  this?"   The  answer  Is  haphazard,  A*  8.  j^c. 

C 


\.\ 

i   L 


26 

<>r  ^»y  otlier  of  tbc  party.  It  ha^  ^equentty 
jttoearredi  tbat  ift  v^fe  conpelledta^yide^ the 
Hecemtks  af  life  In  this  way^  and  it  eox  Id  not 
be  fairly  8aUI#  tbat  any  fraud  or  cirenmTe.^oii' 
tookpbiee. 

So^ember  ftStb*  w«  left  Cliftan  and.  bis  abm- 
]»ai4.0H  in  a  moat  dreary  wild,  bat  witb  enough 
to  ^ttj^port  tbem  f  and  if  tbey  would  aet  honor  ^ 
ablyr  to  assist  usu  A  laughable  oceurrenee  en** 
sued.  Sergeant  Boyd  and  myself  faad*  that  day, 
the  ehairge  of  unloa^g  and  loading  the  eanoes, 
iivhich»  as  eustooiaril^y  being  yery  light  and  easi- 
ly blown  off  shore  by  a  puff  of  wind,  were  drawn 
hslf  their  lengths  on  tbe  beaeh ;  we  ran  a  race 
who  should  perform  his  duty  soonest— .he  arrived 
jlrst.  Taking  up  his  canoe  suddenly,  but  hop« 
iag  ta  have  a  better  stand  than  the  shore  pre* 
sentedf  he  set  his  foot  on  a  large  bed  of  moss 
seemingly  Mrta,  and  sunk  ten  feet  into  as  cold 
watei^  while  fluid,  m  was  ever  touched.  We 
Sffoa  piMised;  the  ponA  found  the  patb,  marked 
J^  and  eame,  at  the  end  of  several  miles,  .to  a 
second  pond,  if  my  ree<^etien  serves,  larger 
than  the  fbrmer :  traversing  this,  we  oneamped 
more  cautiously  than  ever.  On  the  next  day, 
purine  the  path,  and  marking  it,  a  tliird  pond 
of  smaU  diameter  was  presented  to  our  view^ 
Aifsing  this,  l^  the  evening  we  encamped  on 
t|ie  north-hank  of  the  J^ead-rher. 

'Vhh  river,  whieh  is  nothing  more  than  an  ex- 
tension  of  the  Kennebec,  is  called  by  this  re- 
mfuHkable  name,  because  a  eurrent,  a  few  miles 
below  the  plaee  we  were  now  at,  and  for  many 
miles  above  it^  is  imperceptible.  It  is  deep  and 
perhaps  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards  wide:  The 
ground  we  footed  within  the  last  three  daye,  is  a 
veiy  rugged  isthmus^  which  forms  the  great 


|uientfy 
idelhe 
t  Id  not 
jrex^on- 

ft  ebm- 
enough 
honor^ 
lee  en«- 

^anoesy 
d  easi- 
drawn 
a  race 
arrived 
it  hop* 
•c  pre* 
P  moss 
IS  cold 
We 
arked 
9  to  a 
Uwger 
imped 
tday, 
pond 
lieir. 
ed  on 

n  ex- 
is  re* 
miles 
many 
I  and 
The 
is  a 
Ipreat 


27 

bend  of  the  KenneMHf  Coming  from  thel»gh 
ground  towards  the  il^-rivery  we  passed  a  b(^ . 
which  appeared^  before  we  entered  it»  as  a  beau- 
tiful pititof  firm  ground^  level  as  a  bowling  green^ 
an*  i  CO  •'cred  by  an  elegant  green  moss.  That 
nJa^^  to  mye  my  shoes  for  severer  service,  mock- 
%Sflii  had  been  put  id  their  place.  Kvery.vstep' 
we'iniRdl;,  sunk  us  knee-deep  in  a  bed  of  wet  turf.. 
My  feet  wei*e  pained  and  lacerated  by  the  snags 
of  the  dead  pines,  a' foot  and  more  belo^  the 
surface  of  the  moss  y  these  and  many  other  oic- 
currences,  which  happened  afterwards,  convinc- 
ed me  more  than  reading  could,  of  the  manner 
of  the  formation  oftbrf.  Sometimes,  to  lighten 
the  caittoes  when  ascending  strict  water,  sevenA 
of  us  would  disembark,  and  proceed  along  shore» 
and  on  many  occasions,  traverse  a  point  of  land 
to  save  distance.  Doing  this,,  we  often  met  with 
what  we  thought  a  flat  ground  coveted  by  mnisiii. 
Entering  the  parterre,  as  it  might  l^y^led, 
and  running  along  that  which  we  fbtnra'^6  be  a 
log  covered  with  moss,,  the  moisture  oni||e  leg^ 
would  cause  afoot  to  slip— -down  we  would  eoniey 
waist  deep  in  a;  bed  of  wet  moss;  such  incidents 
always  created  a  laugh..  A  spark,,  if  these  beds 
of  inoss  had  been  dry,  as  they  weire  wet^  .would 
have  made  a  dreadful  conflagration ::  the  iipper 
eountry  seemed  throughout  as  if  covered  wit^ 
it.  To  the  south  and  west  of  the  bog  first  men- 
tioned, there  was  a  natural  meadow  of  great 
extent.  On  the  west  it  reached,,  seemingly,  to 
the  foot  of  the  knountains  several  miles  olf.  A 
beautiful  creek  serpentined  through  it  and  forni-- 
od  a  convenient  harbor  and  landing  place,  <^po- 
site  to  our  camp,  and  directly  to  which  the  In* 
dlan  path  led  US.V  ^*  ' 

>-..    .  .*  •  <  ■ 


4>-    • 


The  timber  trees  of  tHP^re  in  a  great  mea- 
stire  difiereut  from  those^rour  eountry.  Hero 
are  neither  oaksy  hickories^  poplars^  maples  or 
'  locusts ;  but  there  is  a  great  variety  of  other 
kinds  of  exeellent  timber^  such  as  the  vfhiie  and 
yellow  pineS)  hemlock^  cedar,  cypress,  and  all  the 
species  of  the  firs.  These  trees,  in  the  lo^iTgrounds, 
gpovt  to  a  very  large  size,  on  the  hills,  as  we  ap- 
proach nortliwarSy>  they  seem  to  dwindle,  par- 
ticularly as  we  come  to  the  <<  heighth  of  land  i*' 
but  i^MO  rise  to  a  superb  height,  as  we  descend 
Into  the  intervale,  on  the  streams  running  intd 
Canada.  Among  the  tr^es  of  this  country,  theref 

Me  two  which  deserve  particular  notice,  because 
their  remarkable  qualities.  These  are  the 
balsam  fio,  (Canada  balsam.  Balm  of  Gilead 
fir^  or  haUamum  Canadense  pinu8  halsomea: 
•  which  produces  the  purest  turpentine,)  and  the 
yellow  birch.  The  firsts  as  its  vulgar  name  im- 
ports, yields  a  balsamic  liquid,  which  has  been, 
and  perhaps  now  is,  much  esteemed  by  the  me- 
dical profession.  The  bark  is  smooth,  except 
that  there  are  a  vast  number  i^f  white  and  lucid 
jirotuberance  upon  it,  of  the  size  of  a  finger 
or  thumb-nail,  bulging  from  the  surface  of  the^ 
bark.  This  tree  grows  to  the  size  of  froth  15  to 
20  inches  in  diameter.  From  the  essays  made,  i^ 
seemed  to  me  that  a  vial  containing  a  gill,  might 
be  filled  in  the  space  of  an  hour.  Getchel,  our 
guide,  taught  me  its  use.  In  the  morning  when 
we  rose,  placing  the  edge  of  a  broad  knife  at  the 
under  side  of  the  blister,  and  my  lips  at  the  op- 
posite part,  on  the  back  of  the  knife,  which  was 
declined,  the  liquor  flowed  into  my  matith  free- 
ly. It  was  heating  and  eordial^c^the  stomach,, 
attended  by  an  agreeable  pungency.  This  prae* 
tlce,  which  w«  adopted,  in  sdl  likelihood,^  eonv 


.tr 


29 

tribiiied  to  the  proseryation  of  health.  For 
though  ipiuch  wet  weather  ensued*  and  we  lay  of- 
ten on  low  and  damp  ground,  and  had  very  ma- 
ny suec3Mions  of  cold  atmosphere ;  it  does  not$^ 
1I0W  oocur  to  me»  that  any  one  of  us  was  assafli* 
e4  hy  sieknesSf  during  this  arduous  exeursioo* 
The  yellow  lAreh  is  ^  useful  in  many  partieular 
instanees  to  jdbe  natives.  They  form  the  hody 
of  the  tree  Into  setting-pi^est  paddles*  spoons  ai^u 
ladles.  Thci  bark*  its  better  property*  ser?e|^ 
as  a  eof jering  for  tbe  Iframe  4|f  ,the  eanoe*  much 
in  the  same  npMtnner  as  tiieJIsqiiiiiiaux  and  Green- 
landers  i^ply.  tbe  seal  skin»  To  you  it  maj 
lippear  to  he  a  strange  a^sf  rtion^  but  to  m^  it 
seems  trnet  that  the  birch^bark  eanoe  is  the  most 
ittgenii^s  pieee  of  mechanism*  man  in  a  rude 
state  is  capable  of  performing.  This  bold  idea 
requires  a  disolpsure  of  the  means  and  the  man- 
n^v  of  tbe  work*  which  shall  be  done  before  I 
leave  the  subject.f^  From  the  bal^  of  yel- 
low-birch* the  Indian  lUso  forms  bowls*  and  bas-^ 
kets  of  a  most  beautifiil  construction*., and  iteveik 
s^vei»  as  a  wrapper  for  any  nice  matter  wliiol|r 
it  is  wifthed  to  keep  seciurely*  much  in  the  mm^ 
Qer  we  use  brown  wrapping-paper.  ■.  Tbe  appear- 
once ,  of  the  yellow-birch  tree  at  a  distance*  is  . 
eonspieuous..  Approaching  near  it*  in  t^e  au*^ 
jtuDHit  iVseems;  mvohed  in  rolls*,  something  re- 
sembling Wge  circular  rpunds  of  parchment*,  or 
yellow  paper.  There  is  in  my  mind  no  ques^ 
tion*  but  that  among  a  numerous  and  Industrie 
ous  people*  such  as  the  Chinese^  this  indigenous 
prodiiet  wo|ild  become  an  article  of  general  use  ^ 
in  various  ways..     The  bark,  when  taken  from 


^'. 


:    »  See  Note  IIL 


Cl'2: 


36 


.■>J 


{^etceCfrnviy  he  obtained  lengthwise  §f  the  ipec» 
IWiin  one  to  four  feet  in  breadth,  and  of- a  length 
eoual  to  the  efreumferetiee*  It  is  soni^lnies 
trjbite  with  a  yelloiffsh  east,  but  morie  usiitillj 
of  a  pale,  and  -sometimes  ^-a  dee)>^^old  «<^oiir. 
It  {s  partible,  iirhen  erer  ao-ihieli^  Into*  the  most 
fllmy  sheets.  The  Ifidtaus,  for  eanoes,  useit^f  tfhe 
^iekness  of  from  a  fourth,  dowiir  to  tlie  ei^hth^^ 
Imittch,  aecdrdingtoth^.giito^oftheiress«K'  l^rK 

ii^trity  and  eoBvenidifee^  niade  us  reduoe  it-iiit^ 
to  a  filni,  hy  n6  itieai^s  thkker  oriMre  s^iltetaii^ 
tial,  ttlan  the  siiky^  pa})er  we  obtain  fronr  India. 
It  serves  equally  ^v<^  fbr-^he  penelA  as  papei*«^ 
ink  howeyer  flows  upon  it4«^Iil  the  coit|*8e  of 
time  a  mediuiki '  may  be  dkeoiered  to  preclude 
th]8  inconveQience— i^this  bark  will  preserve  *  bet* 
terthan  paper.   -  ' 

;^  The  eompany,  not  apprieheitding^thci  reVoned 
l^hieh  fortune  had  in  store  for  theiti,  lelt  th^ 
eneanlpmeiit  (Septeiiiber  80th)  ifiill  tff  courage 
and^  hope,'  though  a  strong ^rift  of  snow,  whl% 
%lfitened  all  the  surrounding  hills,  had^  falleii 
during 'the  night.   .Having  sm^th  watery '  we 

.  pkddled  away  merrily,  ^^robsMy  for  thir^  miles, 
^etehel,  besides  his  sHittr  wi^omi,  poss^sscid'tt 
lurge  fund  of  knowledjge,  eoneerniilg  the  eeiili- 
try,  which- he  had  derived ifromiiie'idb^- 
^nes,  and  iimeh '  humorous  anecdbf^,  -  wilH 
which,  in  s^te-  of -our  j^vationSf  htC  invade  tt^ 
l^iugh.  It -was  omitted  to-be  mentiohibd,  that 
before  we  left  our  last  encampment^  it  became 
a  resolution  of  the  whole  party,  that  ^e  perk 
in  tlie  possession  of  each  one^  should  be  ea» 
ten  raw,  tind  to  «at  but  in  the  fhomtng  ftnd 
evening.     As  we^oli|ild  not  obtain  food,  in  this 

^  miserable  portion  of  the  globe,  even  for  money, 
if  we  had  it,  and  hayjng  nothing  else  than  our 


1 


ai 


iMrms  'ftud  ^oHKt  oodratge  to  djjl^nd  ^ow :  *  aittc^ 
quftintcNft  >  iRrith  the  tviie  distttiiee  of  ou^  expcsdi** 
tion,  for  we  had  Jieitherinflp  nor  charts  yet, 
ti^solved  to  nocoia^lish  our  orders  at  the  jhasavfl 
if  our:  Mye»^we  pruriently i  began  «to:^hottrd  our 
proviaion ;  half  a  bkeuitaiid  half  anaoeh  ^square 
of  raw  pork»  hocame  thi»  evening^s  meal.  Tlie 
days  jowraey  >inpOufht  ui  to.tbe  foot  of  a  ra|ilid» 
whkh  eeiivinee<l««  ^iat; the  term  ^<Dead^mevi^ 
ivas  miieh  mlfiap^ied*  TheittSght  was  spent^  sit 
upon  hfSLthmrif  but  the  bni4e^es  of  the  &v  at 
the  spruce.  ItwoittldaBtoaishyauy  m^dearehil* 
dreiiy  if  there  wasileisure  to  explain  to  you  the 
many  eoii|fort»  atid  adlrantage^  those  trees  af^ 
§0^,  to  the  wa;«wom  jtravelleii  '>Sttffiee  it  ooav 
to*si^iiwerested>w41U'itf^''^jr'5'n?ii/r^t  ,    ■  ,  ,  \:-^ 

'^Oettlier  dksl.^  The  morning  t  brought  on  new 
labors.  Our  a^oadai^  guide  iand  my sdfyihkik* 
iBg  that  ^91^^  eould  .mava^  ^e  wfiter,  slipped 
kit«r  oar  elinoe.— 'Cietchel  and  jmotlier  w6i4ed 
Steeie'sy  wMle  -e^r  aoipipniiioiis»  erossing  the 
bMlf  marhei;  ^he  cairigHmg^plaee.  From  oar 
ealDp  two-thhrde  at  least  i>f:^^  these  Kipid%'  were 
eoneealed  from^^our  view.  Immueh.  danger^ 
and  by  greats  exeriSoa,  we «aurmoifated:  tl^mi 
^ '  less  thaB^  an  hour.  Taking  an^our  «eompanyt 
<We  had  good  water  HU  thii  i  /Isiseninff,  when 
"W®  were  impeded  by  a  pree^ltate  fkll  of  four 
ieeti  We  eneamped.  Oetobca*  2d.  :  Carrying 
bere,  we  had good> water ^l4he  nekt  day:  Mere 
Iktigae  and  great  lassitude  of  body^  most  likely^ 
in  a  good  peasiire^  owiag  to  the  want  of  .f6od» 
eaused  as  <  to  sleep'  well,  ^rom  cautionary  mo<i> 
4ives  our  giinsy  tiiough  not  uneared  for^  W9ri 
considered  as  useless,  in  ^the  way  of  ebtainl^g 
fsod.  Several  of  our  oompany  angled  sueoeM^ 
fully  fortmiit^  aadadeilciouaohubf^whieLwe 


32 

eaH  a  fall-lli^.  This  plaee  became  rdknarkablt 
to  ine>  as  semeUtne  «llei*wards»^  my  friends  g<rii« 
eral  Si1llp80D^  Robert*  Dixony  and  myself^  werei 
here  at  the  point  of  death.  This  you  Will  fin4 
in  the  sequel.  Carrying  a  few  |ierches  around 
this  preeipiee,  we  got  into  good  water»  aiMi 
then  performed  a  severe  days  labor. 

Oetober  3d.  The  eveniilg  brdught  us  to  our 
ehcanipiiienty  on.  the  soutb  side  of  the.  rivers 
Angling  was  resorted  to  for  foOdr-nSergeanI 
Boydy  observing  low  grdnnd  on,  the  other  side 
of  the  rivery  a^  an  uneoninion  cOldpess  in  the 
lliitery  passed  over^  and  in  an  hour  returned 
l^ith  a  fkkzen  trout,  of  extraordinary  appearanee. 
Longy  broad  and  thiek.  The  sliin  was  of  a  tery 
darl£  hue»  beautifully  sprinkled  with  deep  erinv* 
son  spots.  Boyd  had  eaught  tliese  in  a  large 
and  deep  spring^head.  Coiitrasting  them  with 
those  we.caught  in  the  rivery  they  were  evident* 
ly  of  a  difibrent  sjieeies.  The  river  trout^  were 
of  a  pale  ground^  with  pittk^ots>  and  not  so  flat 
or  broad.  The  next  day ^  proeeedin^  onward^  we 
kere  aiid  there  met  with  roi^h  wiater.  In  the 
evening  we  were  told,  that  im  t?ie  n«txt  dayi.  wo 
probably  should  arrive  lU  the  camp  of  Kala}ib> 
OfMlndian,  whom  our  eommanfierr  was  instrueted 
to  capture  or  kill.  Nataais  was  well  knowusto 
the .  white  ihhabiiants  of  the  loii  fiv  country :  t h«y 
knew  from  him  the  geogra|diiea.\  positio>n  of  his 
residence.  The  uninstruetedlndiimr' if.  h%  pos- 
sesses' good  sense,  necessarily  fron^  his  iwander^ 
ings.  as  a  hunter,  becomes  a  geographer.    Tbi^ 

good  man  (as  we  subsequently  knew  hi<n  ti^  be) 
ad  been  wrongfully  aecused  to  Amoldj  as  a 
•pyt' stationed  on  this  river  to  give  noUee  to  the 
British  goviemmentf  of  any  party  passing  this  vipay 
iatd*  Canada :  hence  that  cruel  otder^ 


# 

% 


33 


October  4ih.    We  landed  idme  miles  below 
IV here  we  supposed  his  house  was.     Our  canoe» 
were  brought  upon  tho  shore^  and  committed  to 
thje  card  of  two  of  the  party.  We  arrived  at  the 
house  of  NatanIS)  after  a  roarchy  probably  of 
three  mileSf   over  a  flat  country  covered  with 
piiiesy   &c.    Approaching  on  all  sides  with  the 
I'tmost  circuriispecfion^  we  ran  quiekiy  to  the 
cabin»   our  rjflt*s  preparedi    and  in  full  belief 
that  we  had  caught  Natanis,     Some  were  per- 
suadedy    at  the  distance  of  ^00  yards  from  the 
placcy   that   they  saw  the  smoke  of  his  fire: 
But  the  bird  was  flown.     He  was  wiser  and 
more  adroit^   than  his  assailants^   as  you  will 
afterwards  learn.  The  house  was  prettily  placed 
on  a  bank  twenty  feet  bigh,  about  twenty  yards 
from  the  river,  and  a  grass  plat  extended  around^ 
at  more  than  shooting  distance  for  a  rille,  f^ee 
from  timber  and  brushwood.    The  house,  for 
an  Indian  cabiuy  was  cl^an  and  tight,  with  two 
doors,   one  fronting  the  rivier,  the  other  on  the 
opposite  side.     We  found  many  articles  of  In- 
dian fabrication,  evidently  such  as  would  not  be 
totally  abandoned  by  the  owner:  besides,  it  was 
remarked,   that  the  coals  on  the  hearth,  from 
their  appearance,   had   been  burning  at  least 
within  a  week  past.    These  notions  did  not  allay 
our  apprehehsions  of  meeting  with  Indian  ene* 
mies.     The  eanoes,   in  the  meantime,   having 
been  brought  up,   we  embarke<l  and  proceeded 
with,  alacrity.    This  afternoon,  in  a  course  of 
some  mites,  we  eame  to  a  stream  Howitig  from 
the  west,  or  rather  the  northwest.   As  we  were 
going  along  in  uncertainty,    partly  inclined  to 
take  the  westerly  stream^  one  of  the  party  fort 
-tunately  saw  a  strong  stake,  which  had  bceil 
ddvea  down  at  the  edge  of  the  water^  with  a 


34 


pieee  of  tieatly  folded  birch-bark,  inserted  into 
a  split  at  the  top.    The  bark,  as  it  ^as  placed^ 
pointed  Up  the  westerly  stream,   which  at  its 
mouth,  seemed  to  contain  more  wather  than  that 
of  our  true  course.    Our  surprize  and  attention, 
was  much  heightened,  when  opening  the  bark,, 
we  perceived  a  very  perfect  delineation  of  the 
streams  above  us,   with  several  marks  which 
must  have  denoted  the  hunting  camps,   or  real 
abodes  of  the  map-maker.     There  were  some 
lines,  in  a  direction  from  the  head  of  one  branch 
to  that  of  another,    which  we  took  to  be  the 
course  of  the  paths,  which  the  Indians  intended 
.  to  take  that  season.     This  map  we  attributed 
to  Natanis,   if  not  his,  to  his  brother  Sabatis» 
who,  as  we  afterwards  knew,  lived  about  seven 
miles  up  this  westerly  stream.    For  when  ou; 
party,  after  returning  to  the  twelve  mile  earry- 
ing-place«  had  again  re-ascended  the  river,  we 
were  told,  by  thecrew  of  one  of  Morgan^s  boats,, 
that  they  had  mistaken  the  westeHy  stream  as 
the  due  route,  and  had  found  deserted  cabins  at 
the  distance  already  mentioned,  an^  thi  property 
of  the  late  inhabitants,  placed  in  a  kind  of  close 
eages,    made  of  birch-bark  in  the  forks  of  the 
trees  5  these  they  most  itriquitously  plufideripd. 
Venison,  corn,  kettles,  ht*,  were  the  product. 
Inspecting  the  map  thus  acquired,  we  pursued 
our  journey  fearh»ssly.     Now  the  river  became 
Harrowelr  and  shallower.     The  strength  of  each 
M  us,   was  exerted  at  poling  or  paddling  the 
eanoes.     Some  strict  water  interfered,  but  in  a 
few  days,  we  came  to  the  fir»t  pond,  at. the  head 
^f  the   Dead-river. — ^October  7th.      This  tirst 
pond,   in  the  course  of  the  traverse  we  made, 
might  be  about  a  mile,  or  a  little  more,  in  cUa- 
gmeter.     Her«,   on-  a  small  island,  scarcely  con*- 
taining  one- fourth  of  an  acre,   we  disc0vef«4 


■c' 


35 


aad  atcy  s  delicious  species  of  onmberry^  en- 
tirely new  to  us*  It  grew  upon  a  bush  from 
ten  to  twelve  feet  high^  the  stoek  of  the  thiek« 
neseof  the  thumby  and  the  fruit  was  as  large  as 
a  May-duke  ehernr.  In  the  course  of  one  or 
two  nuleSf  we  reached  a  second  pond.  Between 
this  pond  and  the  tliird»  we  carried  |  the  eommu- 
nicatiouy  though  not  long,  was  too  shallow  for 
our  canoes*  The  cariying-i^ee  was  excessively 
rugged,  aiid  in  high  water,  formed  a  part  of  the 
bed  of  the  stream.  The  country  around  us,  had 
now  become  very  mouatainous  and  rough*  Se^ 
veral  of  these  mountains  seemed  to  stand  on 
insulated  bases,  and  one  in  particular,  formed  a 
most  beautiful  cone,  of  an  immense  height. 
We  rested  for  the  evening. 

October  Sth.  Being  near  the  heighth  qf  land, 
which  divides  the  waters  of  New-England,  from 
those  of  Canada,  which  run  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence. The  weather  in  consequence  of  the  ap- 
l^oaehing  winter,  had  become  piercingly  cold. 
My  wardrobe,  was  scanty  and  Ught.  It  consistcMA 
4^f  a  roundabont  jacket,  of  wwen,  a  pair  ^f 
half  worn  buckskin  breeches,  two  pair  of  wolleil 
stockings,  (bought  at  Newbery-port,)  a  hat 
with  a  feather,  a  hunting-shirt,  imgftts,  a  pair  €»f 
mockasins,  and  a  pair  of  toleraHy  good  shoes^ 
which  had  been  closely  hoarded. 

We  set  out  early,  yet  jovially.  We  entered  a 
lake  surrounded  by  high  and  craggy  mountidtis, 
and  perpendicular  rocks  of  very  considerable 
altitude,  whielk  about  eleven  o'clock,  A.M.  ^st 
us  into  a  dui^y  shade.  Pulling  the  paddle,  9» 
fyf  life,  to  jseep  myself  warm,  some  tiifllsg  oil* 
servatkui^  i^idi  fell  from  me,  relatt^t<^  tib^ 
place  we  were  in,  such  as  its  resembianed  i6 
the  vale  of  death,   which  drew  the  atten^h  of 


36 


/?' 


the  company:  Getchely  in  his  dry  way,  turning 
toward  me,  said  «•  Johnny^  you  look  Ulce  a  blue 
leather  whet-stone."  TJbc  simplicity  and  oddi- 
ty of  the  expression^  aiid  the  gravity  of  his  man- 
nery  caused  great  merriment  at  my  expensCf  it 
was  eiyoyed  on  my  party  certain  that,  it  was  not 
an  expression  of  dis-eateem»  but  affectiony  for 
the  man  liked  me.  •  These  minim  tales  and  je- 
june occurrences^  arc  related  to  convey  to  your 
inindsy  an  idea^  how  men  of  true  spirit  will  beard 
death  in  every  shapc^  even^  at  times,  with  laugh- 
ter, to  cfl^tuate  a  point  of  duty  which  is  con- 
sidered as  essential  to  the  welfare  of  their  coun- 
try. Thus  we  ivent  on,  incessantly  laboring, 
>rithout  sustenance,  until  we  came,  about  3 
o'clock,  to  the  extreme  end  of  a  fifth  and  the 
last  lake.  This  davs  voyage  might  amount  to 
fifteen  or  twenty  miles. 

On  this  lake,  we  obtained  a  full  view  of  those 
hills  which  were  then,  and  are  now,  called  the 
<<  H^ighth  of  land."  It  made  an  impression 
upon  us,  that  was  really  more  chilling,  than  the 
air  which  surroundeil  us.  We  hurried  ashore — 
drew  out  our  canoes,  and  covered  them  with 
leaves  and  brush- wood.  This  done,  with  our 
arras  in  our  hands,  and  our  provision  in  our 
iiockets,  we  made  a  race  across  the  mountain^ 
by  an  Indian  path,  easily  ascertainable,  until  we 
arrived  on  th^  bank  of  the  Chaudiere  river. 
The  distance  is  about  five  miles,  counting  the 
rising  and  descent  of  the  hill  as  two.  This 
was  the.  acme  of  our  desires.  To  discover  and 
know  the  course  of  this  river,  was  the  extent  of 
bur  orders :  beyond  it,  we  had  nothing  to  do. 
Our  chief,  wishing  to  do  every  thing  a  good  offi. 
ccr  could,  to  foiHva^l  the  service,  asked,  if  any 
one  could  climb  a  tree,  around  the  foot  of  which 


^1 
11 


37 


we  Uien  stood?  It  wm  a  pine  of  considerable 
lieighty  withfoat  branches  Ibr  fortjr  feet ;  Rbbert 
Cunninghaniy  a  strong  athletienanf  about  twen- 
iT-fiye  years  oldy  presented  himself.  In  almost 
the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  he  climbed  the  tree. 
He  fblly  discerned  the  meandering  course  of  the 
river^  as  upon  a  mapt  and  even  descried  th^ 
lake  Chaudiere»  at  the  distanoe  of  Iburteon  or 
if  teen  miles.  The  country  around  and  Ibetweeii 
lis  and  the  lakCf  was  flat.  Looking  westward^ 
he  observed  a  smoke;  Intimatine  this  to  uv 
f i*om  the  tree  where  he  sat^  we  plainly  peroeivea 
it.  Cunnineham  came  down;  the  sun  was  set- 
ting seemin^y  in  a  clear  sky. 

Now  our  return  eommeneed— ^It  so  beeurred, 
that  I  was  in  the  rear»  next  to  GrctohcU  who 
(brought  it  up.    We  rau  in  single  file^  and  whil<^ 
itwaslighty  it  was  obserred  by  mcy  as  we  trieC 
to  stride  into  the  Ibbtsteps  of  the  leadcTf  thai' 
he  covered  the  track  wim  his  feet  ^   this  wai^* 
BO  mean  duty.     It  required  the  courogOf  tl^; 
trigour,  and  tiie  wisdom^  which  dcHiignares  igeii->. 
aine  manhood.    Our  olject  was  to  be  concealed" 
from  a  knowledge  of  any  one  who  might  coia* 
iituilicate  pur  jmsence  there^.t9  ^^^  CiMiai^ul. 
government.    The  race  was^Oi^g^,  and  b<»Baii^e» 
more  r^d  by  the  indications  of  ii  m  >»t  severed 
itorm  of  rain ;  we  had  scarcely  more  than  got- 
ten halfway  up  the  hiU^.  when  the  shower  caine' 
dowA  in  most  tremendous  torrents^    Thejoightf 
became  dark  as  pfteh ;  we  groped  the  wagr  aeros#v 
the  ridge^  and  i    ^seettdtng>  relied  oa  the  it^ 
euracy  of  our  leader^  we  continued  with  speed. 
The  preeipice  was  very  steep;,  a  root*  a  twig* 
perhaps,   caught  the  buckle  of  my  shoe:— irip- 
1bedM»|  eame  down  head  forcino6t»   uneiNi|fil^s 
ttow  &r^  but  perhaps  twenty  or 


\ 


39 

ViOiXf  my  gup  r^miuDed  tfnl|r<i^eii|^  it  is  piiijiosai* 
Ue  to  say,  >TlieQ  I  recovered^  U  was  ia  mjc 
handSf  H^jr  eooipani^Bp  bad  oiit-stiripped  nt&e^ 
j^tanned  by  ih^  f^lU  feelipg  f^r  tl^e  pjLta  wUti  u^ 
feet,  iqy  piwrwl  at;  the  canoei'plac^  was  delayedi 
tjill  ten  (it  nigUt»  m  hmv  ^indrnQris  W^i^  thail 
my  ff leads.  All  ^r<?otif|p  QMlj^d  a  tent^  biitmar^ 
<^Qrir«ietiy  ^  wi^i^^iwiir  waSi  np^de  in  tb!^  buiTji! 
with  farfei  aifd  i?rpssr|Ma^8,  ©over«rf  by  %h^ 
br^a^hes  of  ^v.  |t  i*ntflec|  inc^9i|f|nt(y  ^11  ^hat 
ii%h^^  If  tbe  ^atheii  w^  wo|^  iii^dlie?!!  dryj 
tjhcy  WQtttd  hme,  b<^coip0  wet^fOiQ^  we  iaid  do wf| 
In  f^I  tho^e  wj^  bad  oil*  Slleep  esimb  to  my  eyest 
notwithstanding  fbe  dripping^  of;  th<)  limiting 
8|oro|i^  tbr<tMgK  the  huiiitue  rop^^ 

Qeto^b^  9tb*'9^We  arose  bef^p^re  4ay  l^e  ea? 
lioes  we?e  urg^d  suddeiily  ipt^  the  water^^  it  stU) 
Ks^ni^d  bard,  and  ^i,  4^  Vm%  Mf«  thought  of 
i*ei^fastiQg«  Qrapioas  G^i  what  w^f  :0i|^ 
.^re?  Ip^bat  cool^  wp.  produce  fcur  #ueh  a  feast  I 
J^umi|iii|;ii^  my  breee^e%  {j^o^ets^  I  fo^nd  a  S|0^ 
lUairy  hiseuit  and-  fi^  mch  oi  mvi^  j^a^lf  pf  thp 
Mseiiit  yfM ^Yoy^ti Hiij^ brei^kfast^  ^M>P  hJ^sq 
by  amk  person^  an^d  thai  was  «onsiin^edii|^  th^ 
(^ooy^s  as,  wp  peddled  oveir  tb«  lake*  The  prabi 
^ad!  rais^iid  the  lal^c^  «^d  eo^ns^quently  the,  o^t-* 
lli^ts  about  fouf  feet,  W^  slld^d  glibly  alpog, 
pveir  passages  where  a  few  days  preyioiislyy  wf» 
b^d  toied  ouir  canoes-  At  ih^  outlet  of  the  fourtb 
^ke»  ^puntipg  «s  w^  eame  uf^  a  small  duel^ 
appeared  withia  shopt|i^  dis^iice.  It  was  si 
diver,  Wf|l  kpown  in  oi^r  epuntry — a  thjiig;  y^hicb 
we  ^re  eonteinn.  Knowing  the  value  of  animal 
t9oi9  in  our  predicament}  leverals  of  us  ii*edat 
the  diver;  .Jesse  Wheeler,  however,  (who  ail 
acknowledged,  as  an  excellent  shot,)  ^truj^k  il 
with  bUbr^lL    A  f^QVt  of  joy  aro8e--4bt.  Uttbif 


% 


50 

fliter  Was  iafely  deposited  in  dtir  caho^.  Wef 
yuent  on  quickly^  withoiit  accid<^t>  till  the  eviin- 
tngy  probably  traver»ing  ft  space  of  More  than 
Ibrty  tniles*  At  mgtit-fttfl  ^c  halted,  weary 
and  without  tasting  food  sihee  moiling/  Bciijrd 
and  Caniiinghani/  ^ho  tvere  riglft-hand-men  on 
most  oeeasiotiSy  soon  kitidled  a  Hre  a^insfa 
falTen  tree.  An  oconrreuce  this  eveniiiig  took 
place,  which  itiy  dear  children  you  will  hardly 
creiUt,  but  which  (permit  me  to  assut*e  you)  is 
sacredly  true;  the  company  ^atthemselves^ gloi)- 
inily  around  this*fire.  HHie  cooks,  aeebrding  to 
routine,  (whether  our  chief  or  pthcrjs,)  p?^etl 
the  duck,  at/d  when  picked  land  guttea^  it  was' 
broltght  to  the  fireside.  Here  it  becaihcs  a  ques- 
tion, how  to  make  the  mti^st  of  c^ur  stock  of  piroTi- 
sions^,  Finairy  it  was  concluded  to  boll  the  ddckf 
in  our  camp-kct|le,  together  with  each  mmi^k  bit 
of  pork,  dtstinetiveiy  fnarked  by  running  a  «tm}^ 
skewer  of  wood  tbftibgh  iif  with  his  partlciilil' 
and  private  designationf.  That  the  broth  tl^ 
Ibrmed,  shouhl  be  the  supper,  and  the  dtiek  m 
the  ensuing  mornilig  stionfd  be  the  breakfkst,  antf 
which  should  be  d^slHbuted  by  w  wboise  shali 
be  this.'*  ^trang^  as  this  tatle  may  appear  U^ 
you,  in  these  times ;  the  agreement  Was  reii-^ 
giousfy  peHVrmcd.  Being  ;^onng^  my  appetitii^ 
was  }  atenQiis,  as  th^t  of  a  Woift  bnt  itondil^ 
bowid  the  st6maeh  tightly.  '^ 

'We  rose  early,  and  each  person' selecte<f  his 
bit  of  pork,  which  made  but  a  sltigie  mouthful  | 
—^there  was  no  controversy.  '^Tlie  dilndr  wa« 
parted  most  fairly,  into  ten  shares,  each  on^ 
eyeing  the  hite^rity  of  the  division.  X^ienteni^i^ 
Steele  causing  the  *' turning  of  the  back,*'  the - 
Ittttefy  gave  me  a  victory  over  my  respectably^ 
fHend  Chinningham.    His  share,  Wa^  A^  hea^ 


,40 

and  the  feett  mine  one  of  the  thighs.     Hungry  ^ 
and  miserahle  as  we  were,  even  tbis  was  sport 
to  pur  thoughtless  minds.     In  faety   we  were 
sustained  hy  a  %ttering  iii^pe»  that  we  should 
soon  nieet  our  friends  «<  the  army.'' 

Seitine  out  early  on  the  10th  of  Oetober^  by 
the  evening  we  made  nearly  jSfty  miles*  /The  hit 
of  pork  and  the  rest>oC4he  blseuit  became  my/ 
.su|iper.   ]M[y  colleagues  were^tmilarly^situaiedf 
The    niprning  sun  saw  us  without  an^y  food« 
li^e  did  not  defpond.     The  i^onsolatory  idea«| 
that  on  tbaty   or  the  next  day«.  we,iihpu]d-«ei^f' 
tainly  join  the  army»  infused  energy  into  our^ 
miuds  and  bodies*     iTi^t  being  without^^  fbod^ 
tfiQUgh  we  loved  each  pthert  ef^ery  endearment| 
wbien  binds  roan  to  mant  was  as  it  were  forgot-^ 
tenj^  ijpjja  profound  silenee*     Afteiir ji  long  days 
journey  still  we  were  supperless. 

The  suecf.eding  mprningj,(llth9)  starting  ear- 
ly^ we  ran  at  a  monstrous  rate»  The  paters  by 
ad^ditional  rains  above^  bad  risen  greatly.  By < 
ten  or  eleven  o'elock  Jl*  M*  we  observed  a  great 
flloioke  before  uSf  :^liieh  from  its  extent,  we 
«ould  ascribe  ^o  nothing  else,  •  tbani  the  encamp- 
ment of  the  army»  pur  friends  and  fellow  sol- 
:diers.  After  some  timcy  the  light  canoe»  seve- 
'i^  hundred  yards  before  us,  (with  Steele  and 
Qeteliel  in  it»)  passed  between  the  forks  of  a 
tree,  which  lay  rooted  in  the  middle  of  the; 
stream^  where  roost  likely  it  had  lain  for  many 
years.  AH  its  branches  had  been  worn  away 
by  thp annual  frictions  of  the  ''e  orwatersy  ex*. 
4sept  those  which  formed  the  fork»  and  tibose 
stood  directly  against  the  current,  nearly  a  fibpt 
•out  of  water,  and  ten  or  more  feet  apart.  See* 
ing  our  friends  pass  through  safely,  and  being 
unconscious  that  we  were  worse  or  less  adven« 


uflfry 

were 
ihould 

me  my 

fOfltfl* 


rment| 
>pgot- 
;  dajs 

J' 

jps  bj 
By 


i  we 
amp. 
ir  sol* 
seve- 

>  and 
of  a 

rthe 
Bany 
l%vay 

>  ex- 
those 
.  foot 
See. 


41 


turous  Watermen  than  they  vrere/  we  risked  it. 
We  ran  with  g^eat  veloeity.  My  good  Irishman 
steered.  By  an  unlucky  stroke  of  some  one  of 
ourpaddksf  (for  eaefl  of  us  had  one,)  bat  from 
his  situation  and  >  power  over  the  vessel  it  was 
fairly  attrihutaMe  to  the  steersman^  the  canoe 
was  thrown  a  little  out  of  its  true  course,  just 
as  it  was  entenng  the  prongs  of  the  f^rk.  Tri- 
4i6g  as  this  may  appear  to  yoii,  to  us  it  was  the 
s%Aal  of.  death.  One  of  the  [irongs  took  the 
right  hand  side  of  the  canocy  within  six  iaehes 
(^  the  liow»  immediately  below  the'  glin wale. 
Quick  as  lightning  that  side  of  the  canoe  was 
laid  open  from  stem  to  stern,  and  water  was 
gttshing  in  upon  us,  which  would  Ji^vitabjy 
have  sunk  us  in  a  second  of  time,  but  for  that 
interference  of  Providence,  which  is  atbeisticfd- 
ly  called  oreaence  of  mind,  otherwi^  a  host  of 
men  could  not  have  saved  us  from  a  wateiy 
grave*  lastlnetiyely  leaning  to  the  letlt,  we 
sunk  the  gunwale  of  that  side  down  to  the  wa- 
ter^s  edge,  by  which  we  raised  the  broken  side 
an  inch  and  more  out  of  it.  Galling  loudly  to 
our  companions  ahead^  they  soon  saw  our  dis- 
tress and  put  In,  at  the  great  smoke.  Carefully 
and  steadily  sitting,  and  gently  paddling*  many 
hundred  yards^  we  landed  safely.  Here  was  no 
army,  no  friends,  no  food,-r-iDnly  a  friendly  Are, 
kindled  by  ourselves  as  we  ascended  the  river : 
it  had  been  <»ur  camp.  The  fire  we  bad  made 
had  scarcely  more  than  smoked,  but  now  it  had 
crept  into  the  turfy  soil,  and  among^  the  roots 
of  trees,  and  was  spread  over  half  aaaere.  Our 
siluatioq  was  truly  horrible.  Wlien  we  had  ex- 
amined th^  broken  canoe,  and  had  rummaged 
l^oth  for  the  means  of  mending  it,  every  heart 
aeeme^  dismayed.    Qur  birchnmrk  ami  pitch,  ^ 

D2 


43 


had  been  'exhausted   in  fbi^iier   repmi^t^r^^nw^ 
were  uritbdut  fbiidy— perhaps  one  hiiiiflpe^  mil^^i 
f^dn  'ttve  lurmyr  or  perbapi  that  atMij  bad  re- 
tumiedhte  iSew  £Agland«    That  sedsaHen-^  the- 
liilad  eaUed  '<  The  horrorSf^^  seemed  le^  prevailw^ 
Getebel  alone  was  reall j  sedate  and  r^eti ve^ 
He  ordered  the  other  guide  to  seareh  ibr  bireh^ 
hwkf  whilst  be  wenjkl  look  among  the  pines 
for  tiffpentine.     We  -  followed  the^  one^  or  the^ 
other^^ef  tbese  worthies^  aeeording^  oiir  IneB^ 
nations^  and  seon  retarned  with  tho&  desirable^ 
materfob;    The  eed'ar  root  was  In  plenty  under 
ourfeet*    NoW  adHReultj  oequrre%  whiek  had 
^  l>een  unforeseen,  aad  which  was  seeming^  des* 
tractiTeof  an  hope.    This  was  the  wantof  fa^  e|p. 
oil  of  eyerj  kind,  with  whieb  to  make  the  titiM 
pentiiie  into  ^iteh«    A  lucky  thought  occurred 
to  the  youngest  of  the  company,  that  the  pork 
bag^   lay  empty  iind  neglected,  in  one  of  the 
canoes*    The  thought  and  the  act  of  brineing  11^ 
were  instantaneous.    The  bag  was  ripped,  and 
as  if  it  had  been  so  much  gold  dust,  we  scraped^ 
from  it  about  a  pint-  of  dirty  fat«    Getebel  now 
prepared  jan  abumlanee  of  pitch*     The  cedar 
root  gaTc  us  twine.    The  canoe  was  brou§^ t  up 
to  the  Hre.    We  found  erery  rib  except  a  f<i?w 
at  the  extreme  points,  actually  torn  from  the 
gunwale.    All  hand#  set  to  work — ^two  hours  af- 
terwards, the  canoe  was  borne  to  the  water. 
*  We  embarked,  and  proceeding  cautiously,  a# 
we  thought,  along  the  shore,  (for  we  dared  not 
yet,  with  our  eraggy  vessel,  venture  into  deep  wa- 
ter,) a  snag,  staging  up  stream,  struck  through 
the  bottom  of  the  oanoe.    This  accidenf;  ha{N 
pencd  about  live  hundred  yards  from  the  M* 
We  put  back  with  heavy  hearts  and  great  ditt- 
euUy-.-ottr  friends  fellotred^    It  to^  an  boirt^to 


flf' 


eai 
iu 

US1 

iat( 
Oh 
dres 


43 


pliloh  tlie  jgip  Tlrb^np  of  idnNil^  w&t  not  yet 
hill.  As  tbe  m^n  ^/f^te  bearing  the  iromidedl^ 
canoe  to*  t^  water,  sergeant  Sojd  wljiib  pad^^^ 
in  the  small  eaDoe»  whieb'  Wtfsvdrawn  iip  as* 
u»iial:i  taking  hold  of  tlie  bo^  taised  ^it  Mralsl> 
high  (as  iras  right)  intendii^  to  sUde  It  gendy 
into  the  wotor—lhe  bank  vat  ite^and  slipp'ry* 
Oh:|  m J  dear  eb9dren>  yon  eannot  cone^Te  the 
dread  and  horror  the  sve^eding  part  of  this 
seene  prodneed  in  onr  mindii :  2m»  Boy^^  feet 
slipfied— the  canoe  fell  from  his  hand^^-^ite  ewn 
weight  llillffig  upon  the  ca¥fly»  Ibmied  by  the 
deeMvity  of- the  bank  and^  th^  water—broke  It 
in  the  eentt^f  Into  two  ^eeesy  and  which  were 
held  together  by  nolhing  but  the  gnnwaleB. 
Now  al^olnle  de^alr  for  the  ti^^j^|e;l«;^^ 
me;  A  thought  came  across  my  nif^^ibiit  the 
Almi^ty  had  destined  us  to  die  of  hfinger>  in 
this  inhospilable  wilderness.  The  i^^tMicfel^ 
of  my  parents,  my  brothers  aiid  sister,  an#  the 
cliEHidestlne  and  cruel  manner  of  my  delertiog 
them,  drew  f  roin  me  seme  hidden,  yet  burning 
tears,  and  mueh  meutal  contritions  Thia  was 
unknown,  unseen  and  unheard  of  by  any,^  but  he- 
who  Is  present  every  wherb,  knows  every  thing, 
and  sees  our  inmost  thoughts.  Getchel,  (com* 
paring  smi^l  things  with  great,  who  much  re* 
sembkd  Homer's  description  of  Ulysses^  in  hia 
person,  atid^  whose  stayed  and  sober  wisdom  and^ 
foresi^t^  also  bore  a  likeness  to  the  ta- 
lents of  that  hero,)  resigned,  yet  thoughtful 
and  active,  instautly  went  tb  work.  The  cfmoe 
was  brought  to  the  fire,  and  placed  in  a  proper 
posture  for  the  eperation.  The  lacerated  part« 
were  neatly  brought  together,  and  sewed  with 
eedfil*  root.  A  large  ridge  of  pitch,  as  is  eus- 
totnary  in  the  eonstruetion  ef  thi»klnd  of  wnter 


■liii^ 


44 


eraft^ Jirai  laid  Qver  the  aeam  t$  make  H  waters? 
dgbt.  Over  the  ^am  a  fiteh  ef  strong  bark  a^' 
fi»9l.ito  widtby  and  of  a  le^i^h  suifieientto.eiietrbv 
oliei  the  botioiiiy  evea  to  the  gunwalesy  was  sewed 
down,  at  the  edges  and  pitched.  Again  orer  the 
whole  of  the  wQT^t  it  w«s  thought  prudent  to 
plaise  Vnur  p^rk  bagt  .whieh  wa&  well  saturated 
wilth  ilquid  fat.  It  was  a  full  yard  wide»  and) 
wai^laid  down  in  thcidftQie  manner.  This  w^rfc 
whi^h  tas  lahoriouji  B^rly  cofisumefl.  the  rest; 
c^j^daj*        : 

We  4iet  out  notwithstanding  the  lateness  of  the 
hour»  aiad  would  it  is  likely  have  gone  all  nighty 
well  knowing  the  water  below  to  be  good»  hut 
fo|*  an  enlivening  occurrence,  which  soon  after 
na^eiied.  Hunger  drove  us  along  at  a  eauttous 
biit  riipid  rate.  The  sterility  of  the  eountrj 
above#  Ibad  aibrdcd  usno  game,  isehher  moosCf 
bear  nor  wolf :  nothing  in  shorty  but  the  diver, 
and  a  red  ^ine  squirrel,  which  was  too  small  and 
quick  to  be  kiljed  by  a  bullet*  These  squirrek 
did  not  much  excei^  in  si^e  our  stiiiped  groiH^ 
squirreU  About  dusk  the  lieutenants  eai^, 
foiir  hundred  yards  before  us/ had  within  view, 
turned  a  sharp  point  of  land,  when  we  heard  the 
crack  of  a  rifle,  and  prei^ntl^  aoothw  and  a  huz- 
za. .  Apprehending  an  attaek  from  an  enemy, 
W0  pulled  hard  to  be  enabled  to  sU9tain  our 
friends.  In  a  moment  or  two,  observing  tliem 
milling  for  the  north  »h6re,  which  was  steep,  we 
i|»oked  up  it  for  the  enemy.  GoodHeaveus !  what 
a  sight !  We  saw  a  moose-deer,  falling  on  the 
topof  the  hank.  A  cry  of  eiUUfi^ioii  seemed 
to  burst  the  narrow  valley  of  tfat  river.  Stiiefe 
had  struck  the  deer  in  the  flanks  as  it  wa»  leav- 
ing the  water,  but  it  sprung  uji  the  b«^  wit^ 
aglllly.  JWl^telV  With  better  f^timtt^  i«i|4}» 


« 


Mhved 
T  ther 

Bllt  W 

irftted 

>  and 

D  rest' 

of  the- 

night. 
If  Jbut 
after 
ntioiiB 
mntrjr 
noose, 
diver, 
lUand 


roiMKi 
aiMie, 
view,  ' 
dthe 
iliaz- 
leniy, 
our 
tliem 
pf  ^e 

I  the 
semed 

leav- 


m^lh 


Jip»Teed  its  heart;  as  itvi^rrlved  at  the  topw'  Seer 
ig  this  you  eanseani^jriiuaf^ine  the  celerity  <Mr 
ofir  mov^n^ents;.  We  were  ashore  in  a  j|iomeilt« 
A  Are  wal  |j^iiidled,.U]^^^^s  off 

th^  nose,  nf^  iipperlip  of  4hf  aniim,  instantrj^t 
apd  Uii4  i^.  on  the  ir^*  Wiiat  a  fbast  I  iSut  we 
wl^e  imdimt*  We  siiiup  alt  nhj^ht^  seleetii^ 
th^  Ci^  and  t^thl^s^^^  Mmgf  pmstiiig 

and|l^MUiig,  hilt  earetiiHy  eating  little  at  a  time. 
"JT^frai^  «^eiraing»  1  a:i^  hows,  9^^^ 

lively  es|t^Dl«^ssjptf.oott^^^^  We  knew  #kat 

w^  ha^  arri?i^l^)fi^a^  l4fn|i- 

,  and  wh^  tj^ier^Wc^  no  foes  saperipr  to  our 

1^  12,<^W«i  iroee  aftl^fui|rife9.andi  began  a^^ 
^or^ng  to  praiQtli^j;  j(o  expainct  and  pi^are  oir 
giiiis^  JPi^^        n^,  was  ^aeipd  i^Uiit  « 

Jrc^j.  %  dn^r  in  c^riuie,  was  oC  i|^  ^yf^na^ 
4a|i*  jSeorip  Merel^ant,  my  eoa^iAti^^  IiimI 
j^e  ^  t)ie  ri^  fli  ran  $|ic^  siei^^^^ 

^m  swiiRii^il^  fu^  tpwsurdi  tl|e 

cainp,.   W^j[nip^^^  sohaj^ned 

t^at  my  j^ation  was  rearward. .  The  enprnionfi 
anioial  ,was  poimtng-  towi|ids  us,  and  not  mor^ 
ttian  4f%  paees  \m^  ]^%  ^ead  and  hprps  only 
ahoye  water.  ,11i%i^t  wns  animating.  Wheel-, 
er  and  some  others  fired  at  bis  head,  hnt  witl|f> 
out  eflfc^et*^^  The  extreme  de^re  they  lii^to^P!B^t«> 
seas  sa  noUe  %  p]^,  plplm^y^^^  e^^  trf^imip 

of  the  hajQd,  pf  jli^t  part  ot  hii  Jiody^  i^  impinip 
etrable  to  oitf^imall  halbji  Whieh  is  inofil;^.!^ 
The  moose  itttrne4' an^^  fwam  to  the  pj^^ite 
hank^  fiaving,got  to  tap  verge  of  the  mer»  bis 
emerging  was  awaited.  My  ballstruek  preeli^^ 
iy  where  ii;  pught  to  kUL  The  huge,  anhnil 
6«gp  t&e  Jianl|L%  seve^  ImggUng  l0ap%' but 


46 


sCfemed  iininowiiig  wfiksli  wiiy  i6  riiii>-^We  thought 
he  would  fall.  WheeWr»  mud  some  others^  get^ 
tiog  kito  the  eunoes,  jMtrftUecl  him  by  his  hlood 
half  m  mile.  Wh^  Whe^sler  returned^  he  ovepi 
loaded  me  with  praises  for  the  aecurac^  of  the 
shot,  mid  was  eonfldeht  that  the  deer  was  kil^ 
led.  We  had  tio  time  to  spare.  We  feasted 
till  nooo,  and  isi  the  iiftermedi|Kte  moments/ eul<^ 
kd  the  entrails  fbr  the  fht:  we  even  broke  the 
bones,  an^  extiiieted  the  jfiarrow*  under  the  full 
penNiftsiony  that  Ibod  of  iln«dty  natur^^  it  one  of 
the  strongest  malnstiiys  of  humiin  life.  Of  tbi^ 
prineipley  if  we  had  a  dotibfy  we  Were  shorthr 
afterwards  most  irrcfragaUy  convinced.  We 
depal*tigd  ihrdttt  our  tvmtf  joyousfy,  untortnred 
1^  the  fear  of  starving:  our  eanoe  sunk  deep 
hytlM»  Righto  Running  some 

miles  and  Mid^  dooMii^  li  points  we  saw  aj 

nit^  gr^  wolf  sitting  ott^  his  haunehe»^he  wa# 
ilredat,  but  the  distance  Was  too  gretH^-^He  es^ 
eiiped.  Looking  down  the  river  we  saw  a  moose" 
sfwimming  fbbm  the  nkitt  to  an  island^it  was 
soon  hsoug^lft  down.  It  proved  to  b^  you  ng-^of 
s^Mst  ilO0  wel]dit.  J(ts  earirandila^s  were  ihueit 
tent  by  the  wolf;  Thir ptizi^  eenstltuted  Vealiu 
oitr  larder.  Tlie  eholee  plirts  were  deposited  la 
the  eauoes^the  resMue  Wis^al  the  disposal  of 

thew'olft-  ^^-    ■    vK-' 

'  lllie  fMlowi«^  mendiigy  (Oeteber  I3th,)  cm-^ 
blH^king  eitrly,  after  noort  we  arrived  at  our  flrst 
eneamplng  groundf  6»  ttve  «^  Dead  river,"  in 
good  healtir and  splrils |  though  pallid  a^  weak,' 
Ibr  the  waht  of  ku%staiKtial  fooff  in  due  quantity.! 

'  By  thisf  time  tlie  fat  Und  marrow,  of  the  ani- 
mals we  had  killed,  were  ekhausted,  and  our' 
stock  of  salt  had  been  long  stnee  expended.    One 
who  has  hever  been  depitvefl  fii  bre«d  itnd 


i 

el 


w< 


lughf 

geti 
blood 

f  the 
B  kilw 

1,  cul- 
:e  the 
6  fuU 
ineof 
r  thi^ 
lortly 
We 
iffi^d 
:  deep 
90ine 
sal^  at 
e  trai 
Ierei«^ 


flVst 

id 

^eak,' 

itity^f 

anf- 


find 


♦3f 

iittff  nor  hQC^wn  tk«  absence  of  okaf^ilious  tiib^ 
itanees  in  bU  foodt  Qamiot  make  a  true  esiimale 
<l(  the  jiiva^aiUde  be»0fi(»  of  tuoh  Ingredieolt^ 
in  tke  smAtiMUitioa  of  the  bodl^  frame;  nor  of 
like  exlremilj  of  Qur  ebraoteal  debility. 
V  W^  ateended  the  baiik»  wkiek  is  steept  and 
ilNlttl  fbnrleei^  fitol  kigh>  emrr^li^  oor  baggage^ 
iiws  iMid  ventsoOf  lei»iiFelj»  hy  pieeemeaL  Tiiub 
f«MM^«»;  |i»  beiM  too  heaTj  for  otir  atrengtfl^ 
Ifere  seevff  d  1ien»,W9  to  the  ivater»  hy  nvilhet.  it 
W«9^;Uni»edia(ely  eoneluded  to  preserve  our  prof 
f isions  hy  Jurkiiif.  This  operation  is  done  hj 
slicing  Ihe  niealint^  thin  strips.  Then  driviog 
(oiMT.  forks  inio  the  »urib»  in  a  square  positioti, 
%i  the  reqtiiriBd  distanoe  perpendiealarly,  and 
byjtng  pok>  f rom  i«rk  to  focky  and  polesi  athwart 
f  ro'Mi^  pole  to  pole^  A  raekJs  thuft«m^e>  about 
fbaf  feet  hi^»  on  which  the  slieed  meat  i»lakl^ 
%jHid9in0ker fires  nre  made  undoraeatlu  .  Tbisdu* 
If  ^ns  8<HHi  perforinod*  We  mw  hegan  tu  look 
nVmi  MS*  aiid^iieus*  the  soliiieQt  of  oui^  return 
i$k  tht  firm^  wbiiBh  we^  had^.  before  tliis  thnsf 
pier^ttadedottrselYfiB  ve^hould  meet  at  tbis  jdiaee* 
The  noiiii||>p^mn«e  :^  the  armjr  and  our  dlsr 
li^esji^ndniMNlaiMmtdusim  tluul  we  were  deserts 
fd»  iind  fi^n4sitnoA  to  a  disas^ous:  fate»  tlw/iae# 
i|itab|erjreiMiU  of  wl^M^  wiiidd  he^  a  stidLing  into 
tteritit^  for  wimt  of  ibiody,  for  though  we  liii^t 
hmi^  killed  mw  d«er»  ^he  yigaufrof  onr  bodi|$ 
was  so  red«ioed> , thai  we  were  eqnYmeedithini 
ihat.kiiii4  of  f^9  eonfld.not  restore  us  to.  our 
Wt>n^d  ^wfingy,  mi  enmbie  n»  to  perfbrte  sionig^ 
gedand  longa  niareh»  as  tfiat  to  the  ilrontiiers  ^f 
Ilidn^.,  Tne  notioA  of .  nmrigating  rihe  nvery 
!Vas  s^oiited  M  n  faHbuu^^  lieeause  ;we  dhl  m^ 
p|j>j^ess,  a  sufileient  #g|ree.  of  bodily  foree^  ii 
ti^  thnienaojeA  »ed^os%  the:  t^lve^^mtk^earrsdHug^ 


l^e.  At»  In  the  eaie  of  tkfi  rcitreftiof  the  Mt- 
jnyr  we  hud  determined  t*  Mlow»  it  became  re- 
qitittite  to  4n:i»h  the  jierkiiigy  whieh  wovld  take 
4UX  day»9  to  malse  it  the  more  portabie»  f^r  mt. 
feebleness^  and  preaenrable  if  we  fthould  haifi 
wet  weather  on  the  marehw  It  was  further  eon- 
eluded  <«  That  lietttenant  Steele,  Qetehel  and 
Wheeler,  should  Immediately  proceed  <hi  fbei 
across  the  tweIye-mile*earr3ring-piaoe,  to  meet 
ihe  army :  If  they  did  meet  iU  that  they  should 
feturn  to  us  with  supplies  by  the  end  of  three 
days,  but  ia  all  eveiits  to  «etum.^  Having 
jDo  doubt  of  the  honoir  of  4faose  gentlemen^ 
the  rest  of  the  party  remakiedf  eheerfoDjr 
jierking  the  meal.  Now  we  experienoed  the  fuU 
extent  of  a  netw  species  of  stiirmg.  Having  nei- 
ther bread,  nor  salt^  nor  fiit  of  any  kind,  every 
day  we  remained  hercy  WjC  became  more  flind 
more  weak  and  emaciated*  We  had  plenty  of 
nieatt  both  fk«ih  and  dried^  of  whicli  we  ate. 
Ibuf*,  five  and  six  times  a  day,,  lo^efery  shim  we 
had  the  ineant  of  dressing  it.  Thci^  we 
gorged  the  stomach,  the  appetile  wae  nnsatlatedt^ 
Something  like  a^arrhcfMi  ensued,  whieh  eon- 
ttributed  to  the  imbecility  lif  our  bodies.  Bears 
oil  would  have  made  pur  fcniti^Mi  savoury,  but 
cuch  an  funmal  as  a  beer,  we  had  as  jt^  not  seen 
in  all  pur  vrapdertngs..  On  thd  evening  of  th# 
iburtb  di^  we  Ippl^  out  for  cur  absent  com« 
Ipanions  with,  raueb  heartfelt  anxiety*  Tliey 
came  not*  In  the  moridng  of  tWnext  dl^,  we 
epnsuUed  upon  the  questioa  whether  we  should 
follow  the  army.  A  majority  voted  for  staying 
afew  ^ys  longer  to  complete  the  jerking.  Tq 
shew  you  the^at  bodUy  wei^pegs  we  w^re 
J^rought  to,  it  may  be  proper  to  relate  the  fok 
lowfog  anecdote  as  more  eviaeive  of  ti^  fact,: 


me  re- 
li  take 

I  hum 
$r  eon- 
tel  and 
«  Ibul 
0  meet 
•hmild 
*  three 
Kafing 
lemen^ 
erf aUjr 
hefua 
ng  neU 
►  every 
re  taA 
enty  qP 
we  ali. 
f^  ira 
1^   we 
tlaie^ 
tk  eon* 
Bean 
y^  but 
>t  seen 
of  th« 
I  eom« 
They 
jff  we 
hottld 
ItayiB; 


13^ 
TO 


wBro 

le  fol«. 

faety: 


tten  M^^aiiiivjmili^  IflMraiglitlie  idoylod^ 
to  bring  it  ftilly  16  your  minds,  iiltorgeant  Boyd 
(the  ;«trbngeati  <|md' stouteiit  taan  of  the  pa#ty, 
luid  ,periMipa  of  tlie  army^)  ftnd  myself;  takM 
mir.iiraMi#  deseended  ihto^a  canoe^  and  passed 
tto  ifi  v^i'^  thie  meuitiE  bf  the  ^ireefcbefbr^  mei^ 
iMncd^'  intending  to'  1^  t#^e  liext  |iond  bii  tlie 
lMilli«fiiig^)a»er  etham  td^meety  as  wit  li^ied^  the 
IttI'vaiiee  '6f'idhOi(;ai>«nr'.^^i^  We  ^^t^ggev^d  along 
thivHighjthejdsin^f^iyifiqpftlvfery  nofvr  and  ihei^ 
if iodiilnNM.^  Indi  ttoiiiidied:a>t%fg  or  taft  pf  iftnwL 
mmmi^dmg  ftil^^f^y' iro^  «irW<fed  at  the  eJH|o>^ 
4li«iiniMt-hog^i%biilt4irindntloned  as^w^  a^en^ 
i^dktlte  ffhnw^  aiMl  iiriiieh  ia  inie  anda  hdfi  oe 
l9m*Tmi|f»ifi«ii>^tfini|jiMid«  v^iMi^  my'  worthy^ 
iHinABffi/sl^ii'^a^  ^aanfe  do^n  up^ 

rnttm  htg^  |M|^rkieat|i  l«<^ii|aft'?of' ex^ 
gridf,^  1  mh:  thdseilrltaide  HiH^  ^ea^mrMiig  tb  i^ 
f«seriodfnlb|t^«iiddOttfilg«^iilitd  Ms^^d^  mind^ 
Itf^ii  mi  vfOhl.  ^  iiTJub  debility  of  hk  body  bad 
diwatoediftfa^ntttinqj^bnl^  souh  Every  art  in  m^ 
MMn6B^tif«n»exefOiMto  Inducie  hiiii  to  ]pas8  tbb 
Mg^hei^ivoitld  ndt^  U^Ufmto  Ine  on  <tii^  sobje^ 
Meiaiiohio^^of  ttN^^sfieffate  kiirdo^esiiklmv*: 
^omihwod  ^lit  Ah^  mamy  had^wetrdit^  tt  prog^ 
ifeitiaatiod^reiailed  lb  my  mliid;^  thiit^%e  t^oiifl. 
dli^dle  of  oiH  ithbHky^ln  tliMO  iHlds.  We  saf 
«irjiidiff%  «f:i)t^^lentt^«ii« -agreed  tir  retmn  ^  oill^ 
kiktipii  tiioagbftt'JNifriyM^tfriy  in  Hie^afieHibbt^  r 
J^tfir  ooiipaiiyona^^  miiki^^himed  i^  sei^iis^  ^ink^ 
Ing^blit  tiBondiig  fto^  soon/  iidleatcid  good  n^^ 
Hat  fiv^oomr^df  ^speititibii^fa^lved;  Air  i|J^^ 
itfflWt^ to« liveottft  ilives^  W6' all' •agreed  ^tt^p^si 
j^4^iif«Fr^boif0Xt  morniilgand  fotiotrUi«iifi^ij|y; 
jtfidoli  "WJ^  >wirv««  iioir  ^sfiiired;  t«iid  rdill*it«dt44 


so 


At  iBileli  of  oar  aiawkith  foddf  mtrii6^o«littoa» 
leniently  oavry*  :^  #t  ^i»»il  *    ;  rf'»i?  »♦.; 

.  Oet.  I7<i-— We  started  earl^;  pasMid  the  rhrer, 
but  from  w»Te  inability  to  eari^  our  eanoei»  left 
them  bebind  ub^  at  tbe>  bank  of  tbe  ereek;, 
Mavobing  forwaiiiy  as  fast  as  our  Ibebia/  iHmis 
-would  oari^  us^  Wkea  we  came  to.  tbe»riii|r 
wbere  B<^d  bad  seated  bkatelf,  we'  ireni  HUeii 
with :  extatie  jej  to  obserie^  :  on  ibe  i  ibr  side  I  of 
itbe  bog9*a  party  of  pioneira  ibrinin§pitiei||eMWdjf 
^r tbe  pMsage^qf  MieBmm^i  Our  stmiK<ki»ri« 
dottbled-^we  pbssed^^be  bog  witlt^  eentlmnMe 
apeed.  Our  wan  and  bagf^M^  faees^  and^meai^ 
gre  bodies^  and  the  monstr^m  benrds  of  ibj 
eompanionsy  wM  bad.Mf;leoledj|0'i^iirry lafraflHir 
With  the iiH  saeqnied)  toi  st nike'  a«4tep  •  sion^ w  nH'4 
the  bearti  of.  the  pionier^^  1%%  giiv>^  us:« 
Uttle  of  Jtbeit  ibod»  but  wblit  eodiilarat^d  tM 
moret  wliS'tbeiffforniationy  tbairinaJerrFebige^ 
with  tbe  advanced-giiardy  Jay  at.Uie  neixt  pimdb 
We  urged  forward  as  iist  aa.we;  eould;  Aannm' 
ing  at  his  tire  a  little  before  n^  evMBpaajv*? 
ine^ipaeity  to  stand  eompdUed  me  to  aiu  j^bir 
ger»  in  »  hutrM  manneay liJik^d  wbd^iie  w^ri^? 
and  f  roib  wbenee  we  eacie  I :  iA  feir  twarda^i0k> 
/fdianed  the:  mystery  anA  ea^se  of  onvf  dis^ 
^resB.  '  A  glistening  tear  aUoNid  in  this  brav^stfb 
pier's  eyetb  A«  it  were  witb  «  aad^n  aad«^to»> 
iuntary  motion  and  ^tmtfb^endemeiifrtbM  bandmi 
jtne  bis  wooden  eanteen^j^wbieb  contaiafd^lheilait 
spirits  in  tbe  army^)  from  me  it  passed  tO'Ctt»» 
ningbam»  wbobadJ^^  eomeup^  Ibe  moitnghastl- 
Jyand  way-wiM»fi9lH*e  in  nature^  frombkniit 
went  round  tAitbeie8t>  who  armved  gradtt^|r^ 
(but  slowly,  ^e  heart  of  Febigerseeified  or^«(- 
joyed  M  the  relief  he  badi.  imH  amU  iiibrft^ij^ 
The  Hquor  bad  restored  our  fainting  s^Hts,  bol 


•»?; 


•lit  M.^' 

rhrer, 

limit 
illMl 

MEttliB 

traaor 
ipimdb 


I,  bttC 


51 

fhb  wat  not  eatvfdi  for  hii'^generotltjf'  toexki^ 
bitw  He  reauesteu  nt  to  tate  seatt  around  the 
Are,  and  wait  ike  boiHag  of  nit  kettle,  wklek 
wai  well  repka|itked  wkk  pork  and  dumplin^i^ 
Thie  wae  all  delved  to  our  nte,  aeeompanled 
br  an  open  beartedaest  and  tlie  kinikBt  exprei- 
•fens  of  interest  fof^onr  suilbrlnga,  and  regard 
for  our  perseveranee  hi  our  dutj  as  military 
men.  This  meal  to  all  of  us  seemed  a  renewal 
of  life.  It  was  aceustonied  Ibdd.  Febiger,  ere 
tbia/time,  was  unkiiown .  4o  ns»  bat  in  tbe  pro^ 
oess  of  exeats,  be  ae^ired  our  esteem  ami  en- 
tire eonfldeneoi  as  a  f  riend  and  a  real  soldier. 
Our  more  ijniinediate  andiatimato  friends,  were 
still  beyond Ibe  pond,  but  eoming  forward.  By- 
and-by  Morgaa  came,  large,  a  commanding  as- 
peet,  and  stentorian  Voice*  He  wore  leggins^ 
Mid  a  cloth  in  the  Indian  style.  His  thighs, 
which  were  exposed  to  view,  i^peared  to  have 
been  lacerated  by  the  thorns  and  bushes.  He 
knew  our  story  from  Steele  and  Wheeler,  and 
greeted  us  kindly. .  We  now  fbund  ourselves  at 
kome,.  in  the  bosom  of  a  soeiety  of  bravo  men, 
with  whom  we  were  not  only  willing^  but  anx- 
ifiUB  to  meet  the  brunts  of  war.  This  was  the 
twenty-siscth  day  iwe  had  faeeni  absent  from  the 
army.  In  the  evening  we  restimied  our  stationo 
in  our  respective  messes.  It  was  now  fully  ex* 
plained  to  us,  why:  Steele^  bad  noiv' brought  us 
relief.  He  had  met  the  advinnee  of  4Jte  ariny 
on'  the  IJMcniiebeek  side  of  the,  oarrying-|daee. 
Alwaysl  aiert  and  indefatigaUor  when  any  duty 
>i^as  to  be  done :  the  labours  of  ihe  men  in  ear^ 
^ykig  boats,  barrels  of  flour,  &;e.  wereintoler- 
afiler  and  required  the  strength  and  atbletie' 
e«eftio<i»^f  the  ofllcersi  and  particularly  suoh 
as  Keutenant  Steele,  to  enliven  them  in  tiieir  du- 


■.<•«»" 


« 


sz 


m 


vim  A\mmer^mfimm*  moti€^4h9Ar.^huti  am 
M^Konk^yi  auMi  afteli^we  tell  them,  ^^Hi  de«ert| 
o4  th<)ir^0l^  caiTliiiignll^ji^^  ii9«14l  QB  titeir 
Imi^»»^  to  meettiit  avaii^^f '^4^  ckeiiavd]^  ivio«^ 

irag^r  9O01I  tensie^  aiid>itiiilftte /afe^  flf^lthe  Hiii* 
mer :  n^tlilns  iOfiOttCftt^r^meiiQiMtoj^^  ^ 
fame  Qf  ili«9ei  men  aftoefriiMki^  ^  X^Jrst  #»v 
an  i^yaiiyU  ibetalflee^  e^^i#»mr|(k>  ilnyi»im 
9eat^|iQ|^  tbe  ehailictaeftif  mii^  "imelv  jiaiu  11^ 
be  eompt^llBd  t»<ii^ini  jo^  owa  di^fonnv^  ift  Hit 
eoi^riie  of  7oiif!  liVe%  it  <«f  ill  Im  a  good  geiujifal 
mte  for  yoiito  adopts  'Ma tvwiMitlieryoa  to 
in  tlie^  eompaay  of  mUkar^  iiiea-«»i>wilolar8-^iiie» 
aC  f^tlaw^li^lisl^tors^  to.  &e*  in^^skerl^  per^ 
9«iii  o£^  anjr  profeaskn  or  elsti^^if  yea  fia#  % 
ppjmoi^'¥(dtyfhil/B^AfAauW''''mdraggmg^  Hie  eiMiTef la^ 
liiofii  to  himsdf,  .and  in;  a  dieigtorial  1^  takiay 
4)i9^  imA^  fattt  movo  flipeeiaM^if  lie  ialttt  ^  iilaii 
«wtt  |i^weai4*4i6p^it8diii9*««*eame»tte  lias  tfri^ 
e^k?-elo^eneef  lie.  &€•.  #it  fdll  moffe  mWtlm 
party  boaafts  of  ^miltlii^  oli  aiusesiijr.  <  fii^  iliii 
Ar»t  iit«iaiiee^  nwkhout  ledkatiba^t.  s#  sublii'w^ 
p^rftup  dowa  kti  yoitr  iaeiiiory'a»«ii^ln«^g;a#ieio^^ 
%ni<i*opuflfeiv  until yauoaiiia^uire  fnvllMsr  "fi^ 
pmf  to4beeoitite^  i^^lre^are,  «ol^lMN>^ 
edgjB>  exeepiHoiia  tq  thill  |^RiBinl<  I*iik|i4but  lii^ 
iajiMiberv  paitffiidarly  la  tteti^iitttitiv^^  claiNb 
M^Koakeis  n^  of  tlio  pmil^^  HiM,t|iMi  vimf^^ 


0* 


iVi 


■fh'' 


S3 


ufwma 
ar  iifti 

in  owl 
4ltelr 

St  il»» 
nryaii» 

lu  Wilt 
torn  to 
fist  * 


,/.;,f'iv 


never  was  a  more  eoniummate  scoandrel  and 
eoward. 

October  ISth.^— NW  we  turned  onr  faces  to- 
wards the  nortb.  fial^fiik  reMned  our  mes|<^ 
ifiateSf  ei\f oyhii  substandalfood  and  warm  tei|ts« 
"Wt  soon  mruued  a  good  degree  of  streagthf 
and  onr  forfher  gaietjr  of  temper  and  hilarity  re« 
turned  to  tis.  We  aeeompankd  the  armyi  aild 
became  a  kind  of  guidies  in  minute  matterSy  ifor 
the  paths  and  carrying  places  we  had  sufflclent*^ 
ly  dcYelopedy  fbr  cftptain  Ayres  and  Ms  pioneer^ 
by  strong  blashig  and  snagging  of  bttsh6s^/s6; 
that  he  might  proeeedin  perfect  security,  in  tiii^ 
pe^ormauce  i)T  the  duties  of  his  olBee.  Th^ 
thl^ee  companies  of  riileioeii  under  Moi*gan  took 
up  our  M  encaniping  ground  on  the  <<  Dead 
rivery"  during  the  auentodn  of  the  following 
day. 

Oct.  19th  h  20th.— Here  We  Uty  elicattiped  foif 
aevd^l  daysy  waiting  the  arrival  of  the  rear  ^t 
the  New  England  troops :  they  came  tip  hoiiirljr. 
Diirlog  our  stay  bett)»  it  pleased  me  interiialqr^ 
to  observe,  that  Morgan  adopted  certafij  j^iil^^ 
of  diseiplinc,  abdoluiely  necessary  to  th^B  stiite 
we  w^re  in,  but  discoraani  with  the  wild  and 
extravagant  notions,  of  bur  private  hifrt*^  Pow- 
der aiid  ball,  particularly  the  first,  t6  lis  Hfle- 
men  was  of  the  Htst  consequence.  At  CaJii- 
bridge  the  horns  belonging  to  the  ineft,  ^re.iB]!- 
led  with  an  excellent  rifle  powder-^wfifd^  whi^il 
expended,  could  not  be  replaced  in  Cikn%d|i' W 
ai|y  powder  of  an  equal  quality.  The  meli  tiw 
gdjt  into  a  habit  of  throwihg  it  away  at  every; 
tipmdr  oUeet.  Upon  our  return  from  the  Chau- 
^l^^ns^  tlus  eirenmstanoe  raised  disgust  In  us: 


'i^r. 


^  Sec  Note  IV. 


£  a 


54 


».\. 


for  vfe  liful .  b|peii  studlcNislj  Q«jrf)ful  of  eur  am^ 
uittnUion^  fliever  Aring  6at  ftt  iome  object  "fn^^h 
yrpu]^  g^ve  U8 1^  miMnj|jo|,i»^^  ^oi^ 

w  il^  W  <»ur  Ibadp  e«^^  ipien^^  f  i^iH  ft  fiip? 
of  t|[^  4limj^i8  tff^iilir  A^ii^tif^  the  im 
HttdipowdeE 5ref9  hefer lust.  Ottt^p^t's^curs 
liiHitignt  ike  first  6  wlA  efMe,  iiM^ii  wi^  re- 
eatit-^-^ki^  JiMtter  wfMi  em^W  retto^rtteA  4o  ?A<b 
JiorQy  if^liere^  if  mojsti  it  soptt.beeamejiJrjr.  Tte 
priQ«ii||il  of  Mor^pn's  ^ttiei  wei»^  tl&  there 

j^llrlfi^^ltiiotttMlli^  Rear 

$f^ue  at  t^esd  mj^^^  tfa«]r  were  op^ 

^dedt    peing  young  1^ 
^eiit,  a  vhiaperpf  approteliPiidM  lM»tffi^^^ 
Ikiift^^lileli)  ittin^MHrtMraiiiate^s^  have 

l^ea  ^deUeate*.    p^as  ^left  lo  t^ 
Morgaii^iB  mindsi,  and  he  eoaqiiered*^^   j^        oar 
reiltiiq^herey  ilnieM^  aeeom  and 

iHvqi^  <»beel]eA^^  hoatmen^  pmee^^ed  0  the  head 
ojf.  JM  nver.  The  lilto  o^iTps.  preceded  the 
ii(fg4fi  hodjr  of  the^^  watei% 

l^eboatB^  which  wd«  ||i^|i^ 

«and  fHNiividc^ 
neeeanfM!^  t^  imi^ile  Ui#^  Ibat  is»  three 
to  a  boat.    The  remaiQa^  of  me  army  marched 
h^lahd,  the  liver  heiiig  gener^ity  the  guide. 

Hek^r  my  dear  ehMdk^ht^mitt Jne  to^eyou 
the  genuine  charaeter  of  my  friend^  general 
$imp86i|^  whom  you  all  ki^iw- pernpually.  He 
wpii  among  my  ^arlicft  aa<ii  :be«t  frieadi.  He 
was  then  as  a^rentl^  eeeentriCf  %»  he  is  at  this 
time ;  there  is  no  obvious  diJfllsrenee  in  hk  maa^ 
irters  between  the  tW4)  pariods.  As  an  offieec^  he 
iwas  alwayi  active  and  keen  in  the  pe^ormalilw 
•of  his  duty«    Hard  was  the  serviice  |  but  ^s 


■"    "vi:^*  ■=;•- 


,'h:>U 


^')  *:''''^  i^A 


ir  am^ 

sercurs 
ran  ve- 
^  tlie 

The 
t1ie«e 
f-^-and 
^vJlear 
»re  op- 
eleab- 
Ifrom 
btbaye 
5i^y  of 
iag  oar 
ele  and 
lebead 
ed  the 
water, 
iihag- 
B  i&an 
»  three 
arehed 
ide. 

eyau 

aeral 
He 
He 
at  this 

man* 
sec^lie 
imaiiNi 

It  Us 


55 


hea?t  wai»  soft  to  Ms  fckad.  Simi^on  incited 
1^  fliiesfmate  aboard  Ms  boat»  be»^  sanies 
^fjb^t  Ijie^e  iiroiii  olo;  late  {Mtivations :.  the  iml^' 
U,U/m  ^iU>|^Mly'iieaf^Fted» 

spa^lbr,  a  sli^^imiMin»  and  J<din^Tim«ad^JaBi»i 
BattglnertytM  boatnen^  lire  went  ga^f  on  for 
that  and  tbo  next^^ :  aMe  to  lead  any  boat in 
tb«i  river. 

O^atober  224*< — On  the  exeniag  of  tMs  «eeoad 
dajf  ^0  eneamped  on  a  bank  eight  or  ftliie^feet 
bighf  at  ji  plaee  wbwe  we  bad  bested  iH^^'aft^ 
eendiag  Ae  riyt&r  theHrst  time.  Ii»4he  erente^ 
almost  lieavy  torrent  of  rain  £ill  i^n  Us*  w^m 
eontinned  ail  nigiit.  Having  now  a  gl»od  ^^»|t 
over  our  heads»  die  ineoveniesiee  was  not  muoh 
felt^^^  1^^  Towards  tirotningy  we 

were  awaked bjr  the  water  wMehflowed  in  open 
us  ffam  j^  river.    We  ted  to  h%bgroiiiid. 

Oet.  2dd«-^When  mbming  eame  the  river  ppe- 
8ent<^  a  most  frigh^l  ai|N&et :  it^bad  Hsen  at 
least  eight  fetip  JEuid  flowed  wttfa  tertifyfii^  ra* 
pidiif  •  N^ne  but  tb«r  most  slxvag  mm  aetiNre 
boiit^oion^tereii  the  boat«.  The  ar^  MHirflifd 
mi  ^e  south  side  of  the  ri^^ri.  mlikhig  lai^  eirt 
i^nlls  to  avoid  tte  overftowings  of  ^  mevfvie 
or  bottont4ands*  This  was  one  of  th6  inOst^ 
tiguingmarehes  we  had  as  yet  perfomedr  though 
the  ^l^anee  was  not  great. in  a  direet  li^e* 
Butii^ng  no  path  and  being. nee€i^tate#i6 
oUmb  the  steepest  hills,  and  that  witiilitt  i|Od» 
for  we  took  none  with  us,  thinMng  ihe  boats 
would  be  near  us  M  day.  In  the  evonittg  we 
arrived  at  the  Ml  of  four  feetf  wbieh  wHsmea- 
timiedwhen  ascending  the  river.  Alas!  idl  tbe> 
boats  of  the  army  were  on  the  opponte  oide  ^ 
tjto  river.    The  pitch  of  the  fall  nmde  a  dread- 


56 

fill  noise*  and  the  ouvpent  ran  with  iminenseYe- 
loeity.  We  sat  down  on  the  hank  sorelj  pinoh-^ 
ed  by  hunger,  looking  .  wli^fblly  tolrards  onr 
friends  bejond  the'  torfeiit>  wh*  were  in  jfath* 
session  of  4^1  the  ^^rovisions,  tents  atid  eilttip 
e^iuftage.  Cowtrineed  howeirery  that  the  Jkiost 
adventurous  boatman  would  not  dare  the  pas- 
sage,  for  the  sake  of  aecotiHadodating  any  of  u«* 
We  were  mistaken.  There  were  two  nien,  and 
on^  two  who  had  skill  mfd  courage  to  dfn*e  it. 
Need  lieutenant  Simpson  on  an  oeeadon  like  this, 
he  named  ;  he,  sl'$cbmpanied  by  John  TSra,  en- 
tered his  empC^  boat*  What  skM  in  boatman- 
ship!  what  aptitude  with  the  pajjUle  was  here 
exhibited.  The  prineipal  body^of  the  water 
vitn  over  the  middle  of  the  fkH,  and  ereat#d  a 
Ibaming  and  impetuoiis  torrent,  in  some  ibea- 
sure  resembling,  at  this  particular  time,  of  a 
very  high  freshet,  that  of  the  Oswegd-fhlls, 
wiMlch  1^  b^bn  known  to  me  ere  this.  'liie 
river  was  about  150,  or  ^00  yards  in  breads, 
etuntiiig  OR  the  increase  of  water  by  the  rains, 
f  to  force  of  the  central  current  natur^ly  form* 
Od  eonsiderable  eddies  at  each  sMe  of  |he  river, 
close  itailer  the  pkeh.  Simpson  neWdiselosed 
his  amaaJng  skill.  Though  theri^  was  an  eddy, 
evenf.  tl^  was  frightful,  he  came  by  it»meaii 
nearly  under  the  pitch,  and  trying  to  obtain  ati 
exa^  start,  failed.  The  stream  forced  his  boat 
down  the -river,  but  he  recovered  and  brought 
iltup.  Now  wcy  who  were  trembling  for  the  fkte 
of  our  friend,  and  anxious  for  our  o^wn  accom- 
modation, began  to  fear  he  might  be  drawn 
under  the  pitch.  Quick,  almost  in  a  moment, 
3^iinpson<  was.  with  us.  He  called  in  his  loud 
vo^ce  to  Robert  Dixon,  James  Old  (a  messmate) 
aad  myself  to  enter  the  boat-r- We  entered  im* 


■ "','  ii'- 


A 


I 

I 

Pi 
m 
a 
h 

B 
'J 


e 

t 
I 
] 
I 
{ 
I 


'^C-d^'-  +  .'..'"''^' 


*r 


ptnell^ 

8     Olllf 

Aiost 
e  pfti* 
of  a«. 
If  and 
Kre  it. 

(tky  en*- 
tman- 
hcre 
water 
ited  a 
mea* 
I  of  a 

adAif 

rorm- 
Piter, 
loosed 
eddy, 
neati 
n  all 
boat 
light 
fkte 
Bom- 
•awii 
lentf 
loti# 
ate) 


A 


llg  favdr  #r  tlir  llii|i^ed%>  trll^^ 

foar  ^tiMlisV'  4iie«Bfii#erale  Hieti.     /l^e^^ttileH^ 

f^M^k  mu^  iroN^T  "Tidf  lAmit  Wm^  tmm 

andii|y»eli;  awt«i#ife^ 

jf  «ie^  IIMII  ams^^l^  tlfel*^ 


ciiliin  (^1^  wailH  ^  t^l  of  tie  dMj^J  Mt  ItK^ 
4»I^H^ii^  %hirf^  lioUb  9H^e^  a^^^  ioailv^ 


ms^^m  jii^^^o^^^  anrf  lately  mm^  W 

%  streim^  rind  tfce  i^efni  8tt*tte&  ^^  ihi^,' 
«^roi^  Dtx^^d  titfieif,  »l*  &Afg»t  thf$ 
MiAeSf  lltft  Kieiiif  V^fii^titnet:]^W#i^ 


58 

ourrenti}  ihf^,«trf|vgUi  ^^f  the  waller  wiideibe 
wil^e«f  ail  9p^;  many  8|tr^^%  jhi  <Mir  handg.  ^li« 
ste^n  ag^in  BWBUg  rognd:  ibe%^wi»j»m«  M^ 
asbovQ.  Iljrf  OM?  Tmn  >  apd  A|< Anm^Jlf  aii«rtlie 

ijUg^ist^t  our  eos^  tbeir  k^h  fiirei^d  the  lioaC 
ac^f  tit^  eurfent^^ 

•tea4iy  ii»  ik»  {|p<^t  s^aggei.  In  %.m.oii|eiit,afi 
i^p>^i  tliii'ty  fe^  oflTshOirey  U.bjMiglHread  iiditt^ 
t^  thiEkpiiri^eQty  tui^ed;  liQitwe  uader*  ja  t^i^nf 
^t  iO^I Jbi^^  ^y  the  fury  Mi^  the  fltrefm^  jRhe 
boai  ttMettiagy  an  ei^ves^^  ai^  g»ing  i^ioK  t)b^ 
iRaterr  fett  from  .m%  ^f  Simp|<^l  we  art;  gojiig  ti^ 
ii^fiveii/'    My  fail  wa»  heacl^ojremoit.  .  ^ftmpn 

Snieame  after  ipier-his  heei8>  a|t  the.dfi^^of 
Jt^pn  fefi^oi^  mi^  wppe  npen  nirh^^  m4 
neek.:  and  those  grinding  on  the  graveL  We  m^m 
il^ar^  together^  your  lither  fot-my  friendt 
fi||lo9red»,r  jThss  art  of  swimmiag,  in/vrliiehi  I 
ihi^iijg^t  myf^ira^  adept>  ii^as  tried,  bat  i^wa« 
a  ti^y-tiiri^  biisinei^.  the  foi!e^  w  the  i^Mitev 
t|H?ew«.me  often  Jlie^k^oy^-head*^  ^ 
,te^|lepimojrifiii9  voyage^  1^^  ^w  hwar 
m^^^^i$^  ]8iaip«6ii>^aw  at  wyMudey  Nt  Ihei 
pisf^  ^f thej^r^am,  prey^nteA  tii^  exertipa^ 
s|rlpBi^g|  yetj^jie  iiapatiiosiity  of  the  emrea^ 
ta^  ni»  up^  liAmfi^  as  tq^waHl  l^e.  qther  side  ^ 
^  H^er,  agaiast,  a  h>ng  ri^ge  orp^pendiei||i^> 
roehs  ojTgi^at  extent :  Xuekuy  ihthe  eofirse  i»£ 
f^oiae  hundred  yards,  the  eurreat  ehangcNd,>.a^ 
hl^9SbOi^  if cifa^  the  ner(h ,  s^de  of  %b 
rii^rvFl^atuiJi  along  ^Uh  my  bead  ji|st  ahoffi 
waterw-pra^ers^^^^^ 

ajUte9*^d^  ji  hoat'a  crew  of  ^e  eas^ra  men,,  hs^n4^ 
ed  me;  %|fl^    ft  /was  griped  a«  by  the  liand  ^E^ 

slrenpi  of  water  was  saeb,  that  the  bo^at  w#i|| 


dotbe 
ndOie 

It  wm 


■IS 


iitllwfc 


f 


cm      ^ 

Hff^aSeii  ^  mMf-  a  livnl  ioae ;  «eMbiiity.  in  ---p 
]|i«al,46|^^forto«k>mal^^  1^ 

pi^le^flirl(n9if^c^lli^^  iiM  «hestpikliq|?iKr 
viy^biiiBaiitf  lif^stiilfevqfihluar^iHiM/aiijb^ 

0#;  JMi^^iMifaale^nfosiigi^  Slnipscmf;irwa4^jiii 
iNilkdifQiil  af  lthe/wai0r»flijft$l^^ 
Infi^g  ^Oh  ft  ^  neitbet  wf  ut^«'ould^  bave  ere|»l;  oala 
^e rsbiillilo btiye  Ibete;  diail^  tb|il  feciUie  assis* 
^eaiaf'  Bklwir^-^^ancaAiMiigbi?  iuiiirMb''im|ii|»^af 

Blflg'^oaiibeioiiE|b|palir|bf  t^^^  lie  |ii!i|i^^ 

«4^to^riHi  ta  ^t^f4%^fat  tbe  Itotaiiidf^me^ !% 
teeiMi  alhusb^r  JMbi^aM  bat  ^iiolp JMii|i|f Ju;if 
jlbis^;fMiJ  pidiliiiiba%idni|^^^a^^ 

jpc^  sft)  0ia8iai%«>lrift*bm^tbft  omnj^taaiiiafjlo^n 

o4t  for  JMxabi  oia|]baiMr<wiK«!i^ 

1041^419  fec^aU  iietoUbeit  wr^lb^c  bi  bad  d«an^ 
lbb»r#ie  ^at^sar  bad ^adbe^  td  Ibe  boat,  ^m 
[^ma  tjibe  .wa'ImditMiwxjmsible^eaaum.^ 
Illi^  la  'iniffi>;eaaii^BT«  'P^mk^  bad  tlaabt'tm  tbt 
idde  «r  tba  btoi^  vfblcAf^^fdfedro^a^iaaati^eW 
iMt  wopd  sane  inibiiittBkNiriliad  isilbii^  iNf 
IH^  waa  iav»d^'  AvH1rlagial^itbaMai«i]liaiiv  'frieads 
ill  *  telge  ^  pitpm^^^fm^^m^ 


#■ 


lM«iii«i6M«iiiKf  illicit  Upm 4mcli>  MitOiMgitoufta 
is  mmt  agreeaUe.* .  i  MpAwmfiABniB  ia  ;<fiBlrcMiii| 

imicfiof anyb|NHiiirileciliMlteff>  A^  le«tli^  JbraaclMlf 

ty !  pn^HbilMl .«  :<li0«ionyn0*  ^  Tte  Mftai  )<if 'pH|ii 
«»  ^DoliiveiilepKi  i«K]lickiavi»  «Im(^i)ivqA 'M<>^ 

flifwir  jliil^Malted  mnife  «lmf|^  .li»MNitt|^)i!tffinatAff 
W^f^lti^'^a^  j r It .  btoatniB J  a  )fiyrariU6» idih ;ifei^ 
Vortnlfrdiualila^tlfieiii  pieriiaiHi  4iir  «iii(»i»*w* 

iai^^eoiitkli^  fkrii^tldlli^l%f(  laugh  of  ^tink^oW 
pan|iijRras4ai;aiiiat  i|il^:|iiit{;k»1»iikrb^      stokal^ 

wtfled  iic^%^h  ioioity  tf  ^or^Jiigr 

laai^i/#ilii  n  firaadl  of  {MHiite^oiiid  miciibtt^ 
iintb  itcNriNi^  1^       ttweiii^iiiiltaraiedhfagr  tOm 

im^^imlm^^  ivir  ioMysafilE^ 

mij«r9#14pan^n^  B& 

4ir£klvdif^j4ie^in^r  «fi  ^Htm  aneifeaad  tttiwiB 

iMMteilidii^l  Y^i^Hifpoilr  fiitlMNi  wsis^ffais^jidtal 

nil  wemMAn  i/0bniiirt  oauMiiis tne^^iii  theiiifan|i^ 

ttie^ii^  t  but  iiirtot^atevi||ai«4« 


fil 


./ 


tbe  kmlid^i  wkhed  i»  tfniM  of  tluiir  kUIm. 
VMb  Ae  iiMhtetiee  ormeMi  nd  filn|pt«n^  ft 
lifttgite  iNTfti  iti^HfBk  ivilh  a  r*n^  Oftttdl  Wft- 
ttun  Bi^iioUt,  «v  RnuulBf  df^nr  eomffttiT; 
%lio  itts  HiiMrtibly  iiek»  Mi  teiCiinied  In  At 
iMftta  Honey  ivftt  snt  ttf  tba  ^tteidott^  anor^ 
idcr  upon  m^  iklAittry  dated  nt  Mm  f  koe^  Ibv  the 
priee-^twdYe  dollaro  was  aeeefttdt  and  afikcAr* 
ivardi  irdlifitime^  paid:  hMioc&ly*  Thisi^iiB 
wm  nk$titp  ftbont  M  haHi:  la  thm  pound,  tlia 
slioofc  altatloi«d  poalfyf  and  vTortii  abont  M  shil^ 
liligi*  Jfoeii^BBii^  1109  no  lai^.  If erer  didf  a  gnn» 
ill  OS  Ua  apipearanflfr  wa9»  ilwot  witli^r«aler 
43erlaia^9  ood  nrtiore  tii6  ball  toniduidy  f rom;  its 
9iio»  it  nraa  sore  tn  kin.^  Tliis  ollleTvatian^  trif- 
ling iu^  it  bm^  aeieaiif.  oughi  to  induce  govenii- 
.motii  §i  admi  psoA  of  tihio  mzc^  as  t«  l^nglli  of 
l^lnrolf  J(iif  ^m  6f  bali  filiete  are  ntnihp  irea- 
M^I)iieiyMiiotbi9  opinion.  Weid^paH^dftoni 
tittft  jploreof  wltiliqi  an|r  miiteiiri  oooisreenoff, 
iand  iMrenl  mjndl^  Ibim 

SiuiieiKbal^  irai^n^e  fiAiuof  i|n  tie  won^og 
of  ilye  97i^  of  0<^aber,  aoiir  &o  itrH  pond^  at 
tte Iniad  oFtle Mveil  'ilMf Vii*«Mii^  (tHo^ 
il  ia^  nntt  prf^aile  Ibat  an^  if  &o  itti^r8^  es- 
oeptiBg  on^  ind  taken  up  JKb  id^  4^^^^ 
were  <mr  supei^ta  in  ererjji  ni^har^;  quilifioil- 
tioOy^Oiitf  ougliit  to  lead;  JHteaidrick%  tbottgli 
the  oldes)^  eoniioiBtdonod  <Ae0r tf  tlie  riie  eom- 
jMinieSf  was  stiit  tli<&  youngest  niati*  For  ikp 
sako  of.|ibacii  'a^.  gora  o^er,  JNt  bad  not  as- 
sinited  to^  bnt.  mmfy  aoqui^^fieed^  in  Mor^it^s 
JlKSSttiiiptioB^of  tteeonmiftnd  of  ofu*  eorps^  as  ^ 
eister  f»t^«ottb  Tbose  uwn^  fiilio  were  oIctcv  Md 
toaVe»  were  Jmst  suifli  ioilhatbclmlf^  as  we  weve 
4>ur8i$lvea:  bat  a  B|^.  Bisa^  wha  wna  blind  oC 
■im'^p  a.  Henienaait  of  Morgan^i^  seeoAed:  to 

r 


62 


tfahiki  that  all  oUifrs  were  liiiMrior  to  those  of 
4he  <<  anoieiltdoHilriknu''  We  had  a  hard  idiomif- 
Ihg^s  fiiiUi|^  nh^nedniiQg  Qi^  to  the  Htwiwmif 
atthehelulofthie«<]ltMl|HllYeiv^  we  sfw  Heath 
before  us,  OfoaerVing  to  BiippBoiiy  **pusk  Mm/' 
we  went  op  wkh  mitiehibree ;  {KMirBoattt  Kir 
lioriiiff  as  a  slave*  to  Itbep  his  flliiee«: '  ^4d  and 
Doughertyi  felt  mj  spiril»'  as  miMHlBs  SimpsoB 
did.  At  the  liiomentA  <if :  oiir  paMti^  for  we 
went  iip  on  the  oatsidi^'((i|liitii;  tf  ^  the  mid- 
die  of  the  onttentf  hlk  j^  stwIl^poB  whle^ 
he  gave  as  aili#Ji^^ 
lake,  the  boat  iiiid0i^  ittijf^'jlttidawto  and  Infomia- 
d6n»  steelred  dlreetl^'for  the  ipaftsage  ti^  the  se- 
cond lake.  HniUflii^s!  (Morgan's  irst  lieuten- 
ant) a  bfave  and  most  ftMam  liMniy  irtrom  we 
Mf^l  Mlemed;  wai  in  f|  ho&jt  f||r%^^^1^ 
seareliM;^  for  apassa]^:  'JSimiNibi)^^  ai-by  In- 
fitaneoi  bailed  him  to  coihe  oi«f«^IIe  answered 
thene  ims  no  !pit8si^  l)berf5'alliid|iig  to  this  ^nee 
we  steeled  for.  £ne<mraiin|^  w 
fH^  idle  ditMeptihn  lOiil^ft^B  j^y  undei^  %as 
m  jlsi<^iw^^  1^  ser- 

ie  eo|iktf3|  aroiiiid^  ^n  a  eoai^der- 

thik  lasf  fi^et,  bi^^  lit^flMtoy  iso  ns  lo 

giro  to  II  jgtlfiiig^  ideay  thi^  the  mouth  of 
the  ereeky  :^§iikJtiikf^  a  nook  W  Ae  lake.  Set- 
^i^  the  log  aAoa^kf  was  e^  the  boat 

proeeeded.        -vVi''-'*'        '^'" 

Oetob€ir  5e&  C^inuing  i^cUy^^^ 
lilM$  no  oarijriiigt  nor  nmiidng  of  tre^s^  th^re 
llcJit pleiiy  of  i#iiUei%,  the  eteiS%waft  spent  at 
t|eiiiit  of  Ihat  mottnti^,  eall^d  the  Hetghth. 
^buid.  Thi^w&sH  day  d]^  severe  labor.  The 
Jia^tion  of^e  Chatimere,  ^61%  so  fkr  |^ 
letaP  Jiiforitt%liQn  went;  represented  to  f he  eii|%^ 


i  ■■■ 


-<,  ■ 


lose  of 
nlonf- 


Mm/' 
M  kir 

impsoB 
Rmp  wo 

0  mid- 
whloh 
ng  ;tlie 
fomifi- 

thO  86- 

ieiiton- 
om  we 
liTlefl, 
by  ki- 
iwered 
)  j^mee 
it^go 
r^  ivas 
itf  ser- 

lio 

uth  of 

1  Set- 
boat 

fw  we 

tblsre 

mt  at 

Ighth. 

Th 


.?H.:. 


c    ■ 


63 

t  ■ 

ttinSf  Hondrioki  and  BaiUhf  as  very  datlMf-' 
oils,. they*  to  sare  their  meii*  eonoludeil  to^ 
earnr»  over  the  hill>  but  one- boat  for  eaeh 
of  their  coii^^iiic8«  This  resolution  was  eiisU 
)y  aeeomplUhed,  Morgan*  on- the  other  handy 
determfaed  to  earry  overidl  his  boats.  It  wouM 
hive  made  your  heart  ache»  to  view  the  intoleK 
aUe  labm  his  fine  fellows  underwent  Some 
of  them*  It  waa  sakb  had  the  flesh  worn  from 
theirv  sboaldi^rsf  oTen  to  the  bone.  The  men 
adid  it  $|?1^ut  1^  this  time  an  imtipathy  against 
wa^^^l  aslo^B^et  a  disoipttoarimi  had  arisen* 
:  t%  .|he  d^liowiag  di^^ '  (Oetober  JPih,)  the 
arpiyy  4^  as  was  oai^  eotpsr  at  ieast  Hen* 

dIrMrs  JSAj^  ^Qiith's*  eneamped  on  the  plain*  oit 
t^  biHiift  of  the  Chaadiepeb  Monratt  aftevwarda 

IOi|fcr|i|i  ]iftjMilie«|.  1^  Bene  it  first  beeaine 

geaiii^f  >li^Wit»  that.Eaos  bl^  froai 

the  iweliNe|lh|(i|i^^^^  with  600  meny 

a  tai^  irto<fli'^iiiprOfi@o^  and  liN^^^leioci 
ehest*    l!^  dillm  {Our -q^  bwT  o|w 

^i!iiaiim4ef  i  ewiif^^  pfoe#|ir 

thaipi''reiiirn,v^  IRFe  ^Ire  ilNittt  ia  haaidii^  aitfef 
fipbmiiie  feenftJeriif  Canada*  bat  tieM^  that  dii^ 
t^e^  ifaoiw  iMt  t<^  Kew^  Oiii»f^v{* 

Bio»siwero  ii3)mii^fced*>  VilSad  na  aieat  of  m»r 
hind*  the  ilouy^  w4iith  ra^^  so  Ihr  as  1 
ka^wr  Wa^  itiTided  fali^ly  wm  e^^ftify^  among 
the  whole  of  the  tniops*  tiie^r^liMsitii  shared  ^e 
finU  ^  ilpur^p^^m^M:^  Burifig  tk#iii|^ jmi4 
the  ensttfng  inorning*  Cki  ^oinr  w^t  baked^^  1^ 
fife eakei per anan* ^^adertlUe Mkes*.  ilittie  wi^ 
otliiidiaft  breadl    ^ 

rtOnlhfi  3etk  dT  Oetobery^  if^^^  ibrward.  <The 
i|ieiii  were  told  by  ^  offioeit<«tiiat  order  woiiliA 
%notrbe  r^iiired  in  the  roareh^  eaek^one  must 
'ii^t  the  I^st'fbot  ibreiliost'*    The  first  day's 


^4 


64 


naroli  wm  eloMd  hy  a  charming  ikq^  oa  Ar- 
Imneliet.  The  gentkawn  of  our  matt  lay  to* 
(SM^Tf  toTorkig  (bemtclvett  with  tho  hlMktli 
of  eaoh  oae.  Afy  memory  does  aot  servtf  to 
sayt  that  aay  itir  was  made  by  any  onei»  dariog 
the  niglit.  Haifieaiag  to  ho  the  first  who<awah*> 
e4»  hi  the  morakgy  4he  Maaket  was  saddoalji 
thrown  from  my  headf  but  whaA  wajijfe^  ear* 
IHTisO  40  teik  that  we  had  lain  aoder  aoovtr  of 
at  least  four  iacSies  of  snow.  Wo  aearoely  hail 
risOB  and  had  oar  kettle  on  the  ilt>e|  inrbeii  our 
dniMB#r#  (wo  bad^ao  bugleiy)  ^loha  8ha9fci<^ 
oame  sll|phod  to  our  tite,  ooaiaialDing/ thiit 
aU  his  o(Mi(oa  had  heoo  t toleo,  Irotn  hm.  A 
moT»  wretched  %iir6^iyaA  se«ms«]y  eter  hehoidir 
He  was  purblind.  Thisoifiittiiiotadae,  tiMugb 
ho  w»tf  my  tovfus^an^  and  aeqaaiated  withlmo 
froHl  in/  earli^M  iafaoeyy  Was  yet  nnlilfown^to 
m»  mm  this  last  mareht  aseeading  the  <<.;q^ail» 
livori^f  ooiomoBoed.  My  station  in  tliejine  6f 
marcdkn  whioh  was  lii  tho aingleA|ie»  (xir  indlaay 
as  it  was  then  odlod#)  w^  a^xt  to  this  oaptain  ; 
the  driiittiaer  folhiwcM.  Qero  It  wiis.hls defect 
of  aijrht  imt  ]iio«t .  o&otti(dly  sbewHb  Smith 
>i^as  jitho0ine.  j|||d  4^^  afoot,  as^wo  all  were, 
(oaoif  t  poor  |lbpkamO  ^^  ^^^  eoorso  of  this 
iloilsonio  anuidii  lait^ut  a  path^  limny  deep  ra-' 
Ttaes  pn^ntodi  m^r  theitd  Jay  many  logs^^^ 
lea  perimfs  mijyll^  ye$a%^  before.  Tlie  e$ptaid 
took  >tf|o  log*  priuMSiig  it  to  a  deseeilt  of  ^  or 
.a^^ibl^lit^lhognlf^^  at  times  was 

onlfo  idii^ptv  <  J^oUowiag  mo^  Jha^S»r  would 
n'dluentlyy  drum  and all^  tumblbhoitdlow taito 
the  ol^ss.  ^y-  Bis  inislbrtJihes  in  l^il  woyf^ m;^ 
was  a  laughing  stocky  exeitod  dontompt  In  tho 
toldlenty  bat  in  mo  eompassiin.*  Oftesb  liere* 
^irod  my  aid.  Oa  tUs  latter  oocaition#;our 
•See  Note V. 


A 


05 


A 


kettfasy  boUiuft  a  blearjf  which  vat  no  other 
than  flour  and  water,  and  that  without  laltf  mf 
BoUoitationg  prevailingf  the  mettgare  him  a  tia 
oup  full  of  it.  He  reeeived  from  me  mj  third 
eake.  Thisman»  blindf  ttarTiiigf  and  almoit 
naked,  here  hit  drum  (wMeh  wfw  nnharmcid  by 
aP  itt  jottlingt)  tafeljrto  <itnelNKb  when  maqy 
other  lude  men  died  in  the  wildfi^nest. 

Thit  morning,  the  flrttof  NoTember^  break- 
Ihttlng  on  ourbleaiy,   we  took  up  tllf  Une.of 
march  through  a  flat  aiid  boffgjr  groimii*    Aboiit 
ten  o'clock  A*  M*  we  arriycd,  by  a. narrow  neck 
of  land  at  a  marth  which  wat  appalling*    It  wat 
three  fourths  of  a  mile  oyer»  and  leof ered  by  a 
ooat  of  ieci  half  an  inch  thick*    Hefe  Simpson 
ebnoiiAled  to  halt  a  short  time  for  the  ttraggkrt 
or  maimed  of  Hendricks  and .  SmitVil.  compar 
Dies  to  come  up.    Thero  were  two.  w<|men  at* 
taehedito  those  eompaniefy  who  arriyed  bolbi^ 
we  commenced  the  march.    One  wat  the  wilS^ 
^  sei^cant  Grier,  a  lar|;e,vvirtuout  and  rmi^ 
pect^e  woman.    The  other  wat  the  jrlfe  ^  W 
private  of  our  c^Mnpai^^  %  man  wh%l9S|l9d  uftr 
on  CYery  occasion,   ,^^hese  women  be^o^ifcrrivcS^ 
it  was  prcsiimed  1^  |4|  onr.> 
;We  were  on  the  pofn|t  m^^Qmhig  ^ ;  IPiarsk 
when  some  .one cried, oat  % WftfnfJtUk^t  her^*f 
pother  said  he  bad  <<  sp^t  doiftt  sic)L  finder  f^ 
itree^  a  few  miles  baek.*^    Hit  wilTe  b^S^^S  9^ 
to  wait  a  short  time»  with  tears  of  nation  % 
her  eyes,  ran  back  to  her  hutbAiid*    l^e  tarricA 
.an  hoar.    They  came  not.   .:Eintering;|y^e  p^n^y 
(Simpson  foremost,.)  and  breaking  tii|riee.here 
and  there  with  the  Imtsi  of  4^or  gHi^;  and  w^tr 
as  occasion  required,,  we  were  soon  mn^t  de^ 
in  the  piud  and  water.    As  it  geiieralij  the  ein^ 
Ifkh  youths^  it  eame  to  my  ]|B^^.thf^|  a  jiettr]^ 


6$ 

KUk  miglit  bo  foand  tlittii^itiit^iDf^^  mot^  «K 
tly  fpkl^i  Atteivil^tr Vt^tt^  in  A  ^riee  the 
wat«r  ooeling  mifwrnfiHt  mj^e  int^  gtodljr  re- 
turn  ittld  tll^  ill««    itliF  1^  hM^  be^ 

ibre  me*  Mf^m^  %aHiiiobk^i  ye^  iistoidMi-^ 
ttd,  tttrtiM  fiicMl6ilf  ^^lhiil'%^  H^ 

llbtbe^  miife^MM  #u^  bef6f« 

me  to  the  ilrlii  glp^iiid.  '!^^^^      id  lour  il9#h«  'vi^M 

liea  iMr  belv    H^  bttibaMl' f  h^ 

^hkiU  miytmeiM^^W^^  ^eikii^  bf  the 
IfO^ef  ^tll  l^litfimnit  ll'Oh^liiii^;  AmViitg  ttt 
irm  giri^vMl  bB4V^aititig  bea%:^fbr  oHr^am^^^ 
lllottf7  we'li^ibH  <^^^  oif;  fitid'iii  tt  imireh  l»f  Bi^Ww 
mitdflf  b#er  #  it)l<iibfe$^lid  fllrt>i»lin%  nkti^br^iit 
H  t!lv^  fld#kig  fH^  the  littC  liit)o  tll0  Gbilfadiei^ 

bif#  li^eoliNiiibdilfiilll^^  .if^^ 
IbVe  iWalir  tlib  ^(i^i^iHii^ >1v^llr^^^^      ^ 
4ebt>/  '  lb  b  Mibri  titflfr  W4tr  4inif  «ii  aft^i^  fiViH^ 

4ii^v|i!ii«i^tbir«ii^  ^tiUliAciiji^  iibi 

^Mdr^Mit^i'fbi^^  ITm^^ 
#ba^'  bMdr^^  Ibp^^ 

etf  flA:  t^  Witliibbiitbv  t^  ^M^^K^Ie^ 
!biiii^b  «#:tlid;lMkl^ 

illi<^  Al^  %beibiifiilf  ^iUi  ti  ke<m)^eeii»  mbal 
if  tfa«iiiltt3^.^^|<rwa^^^  pei^i^e^o  th$i  tbb 

aihreiieh  tielrmChttiidlcf^  vnmmmt  aptlf  ft{i|i^ 
^  the  riveii^  b^w  uti  Iiilleed  e:M7  pait  b|  til 
"nvhieb  tame  bbder  «ur  ¥ieir>  Btt#l  #<6  iimiMi 
%t  i\\^  f^flfmh(m^^  In  €aiia^  migbt  ireHJib 
termed  a  'caldrop-briM^len  l^M  i»  theibtpi^ 
ef  its  Freneb  name.  It  la  remarkable  bf  "" 
^Htpk^  %iM  %b)Ar  ^  xxH^  ^iyOnguisbefi  it  1 


-4k*  t    '•»  '"   .'!• 


-*r-:-    -  ■    V. 


t^. 


irk  ii  eoftlMttett  iajj^  irklioat  Aiir  iqiparon^ 


MM  fli#  M^  oJ^##ii||  )^^  Vdih 

ttny  tel%  itosieiBidecl^%  b«M^  ft  h  iibi^  iik€!|jr 
iiClBd^O-,;'^; '-'v''    -■'^■'  'v'^       '■;:"■•. '^r^.^.^^    .5..; 

'    an'  Ife^  ilNvn^tie  4f  tlie  4id  of  X^ieiynlNh^  irl 
IfOtiiflriblni  iklie  <ii^ilitfim1«lii,  iMid  liWilg%d^^^^ 
lo  ml'  liWtt^^^fi^  lo^<l(iM(th<    What 

^iitl^^^ii^  i^  fi^tiiieifT^^^^I^^^        oWo  appiei- 

ioiiioilft^;  :^IMy  or^n  Aiill^n^s^  ii^  tlMlliro  mio- 

fl^^tigMiNSiiliilii 

iiil WiS^  |iiii«t  teep  Vk  sliit^ %rl)l«  fA^M^tlit 

ittHi  Hicf  iy|iM%  ^I4i#  iH^ttiii^  WNi]^o; 

4iitt«tl  1»Mett  liiiist  iiWfHt  "^i^  ^iisl^  of  inMnr 
^Of^  %rtlll  n  ohaBlii,  lof^Ardl^tHo^^r^^ 
1^  to  ojKBO  for  Ilk  atffli1sM06#    llili  fxida^m^ 
<#|i>iiiiB%i^<^  soiiie  <j|oe»#ioii¥  "idikii  ^^  nftglvt 


^♦fuw  *letfi,  1«09.    36hn Mi  Tiytef  tells inc,tl«ft 


68' 

did  you  not  tie  the  shoe  teyiHit  focft?  If  there 
had  been  aw)»  and  threndf  and  strings  at  eomi^ 
mand.  whieh  thero  was  noty  for  the  etuftes 
above  stated*  one  dared  not  have  done  either^ 
as  the  prohaUe  eoqsequenees  "would  ensneo 
<^  Death  by  haOgerr  in  :  a  dreai^^  wUderne^s*'' 
For  man  when  thrown  out  of  soeiety  k  the  most 
helpless  of  God's  >0reatures.  jHenee  you  may 
form  a  ooneeption  of  the  Intolerable  labour  <ff 
the  mareh.  £irery  $tep  taken  the  ^eel  of  the 
foot  slipped  oi^of ;  the  jhoe^  to  reeover  the  por 
sition  of  the  foot  in  the  shoe*  and  at  the  same 
time  to  strldOf  WaH  hard  l^ibonr*  und  ^hausited 
my  strength  to  an  unbenrabie  degree.  Yon 
must  remember  that  th)s  mareb  was  not  pei^' 
formed  on  the  l^el  eitr&ee  of  the  parade*  but 
0ver  precipitous  hUls^  deep  fillies*  and  eyejp 
witliout  the.  path  of  the  vagi^nt  swage  to  giHde 
Its*  Thus  we  proeeeded  till  towards  mid-dayt 
the  pale  and  mea^^  loohe  of  m;^  eomi^aBlons* 
tottering  on  their  feeUe  llmbs^  eorrespondii^ 
With  my  own.  My  friend  Simpson*  whoBaw  mf 
^enfeebled  condition  and  the :  eain^*  pr4$vailed 
with  the  men  to  reiit?  them^vet  a  few  miifiites. 
Bark*  the  only  sueeedaneumlbr  twine*  orjeatl^ 
er^  in  this  miserable  country*  was  immediately 
procured  and  the  shoe  bonnd^t%htly  to  the  foot* 
Then  niar^hiog  hastily*  in  the  oourse  of  an  hour 
or  more*  we  eame%lthin  y^w  of  a  Iremeadoiis 
cataract  in  the  river*  from  12  to^o  feet  high* 
The  horror  this  sight  gave  us*  fearing  for  tl^ 
safety  of  our  friends  in  the  boats*  w^  A^fS*^ 
vated*  when  turning  the  point  (^  a  steep  eragg* 
we-  met  those  very  friends^  haviag^^Mf  nil  big; 
iheir  lives*  sitting  around  a  fire  on  the  shoie* 
Oh  God  1  what'  wpte  our  seosationt  i  JBoj^ 
^^Gleland^  first  lieutenant:  of;  Upnfi4i^)^§^  0^ 


\C 


60 


ftir/wKoM  aeMmnMMiiiittoii  t)i«4MHrt  %aB  mort. 
MietteiilMrly  oarried  «Jrl»sitK<^'mmHitiil«,r  ^ 
Rfoc  at  tbe  iiW|  li«^)|«JKd/U>itt*i^k  Ytm 
wM  Hot  attiHbto»  |i«^i%<«rj^4«4e  t^ 
Ae  w«»d>*li«  MimvA  «tn««V^tf(Mnate«  vritt, 
«  VM«ir«H.*^  I»in^<^i  <«Im^  t«v«d  Min».  gai^ 
t&iialr  oT  the  pfttaifci  or  fitMl  %lkai  be  iMt 

Citai8e4  f  ail  I-  «mM  wm^^ap<  ^^Hi^  shait* 
t  iMlatfcholy  ttofjr,  «f  iM^g^l^JtoM,  16  fW 
w  it  liM  some  to  «<y  toj^kWfej  imir 
tutted  h  «  ft w  #<n4s.    He  HMf  »ifetf<l«d  ai^lINi 

i'iirad  riven**  the  vMlable  weft#»^^ta|i%^ 
»«eld%dti«ll  d^i^mm»Uami■'Vlli^m^»i*^ 
^  his  fHeivl«.  o«iN^  *^i*i| 

uiiiek  i^4ii««<i>.  mHu,'  «»«*  <jr !•»  jiottiiMift. « 
«i*  ']wa««f'''tlMi  ■**':ti*iiii'f¥ti».»i'-'lShtm'iiif  1«« 

una  %ati«Mfc  burtiMn^  iewitt  m  i»IM»  t#«iM> 

was  tfAiiitotliJd,^  tielBW^*>.tlie  i^e^w^ 
w  foapdTiitoi!  iPia  «t^^  e^aiJtli#ilw  libWj 

•wITUiMl  of  wli%t|»<Mk  kiNi%  ii«tl^«r  tVM 

:»i-.i,    rj^ 4e«**ddr  *l»im«fr  I*  «W>  i^te* 

.  thsBi,  *H*ft'tli«yi  iiad  get  liMi^  '»l»  *•« 

NT  ike  faltoi    aere»l««My<'»««k  P"*- 

II  wbioh  it  #iia  to  eeatrfTMi  a«  1o  caa«^ 

to  lodge.    Now  tlie  ercw, 


dMige^  ^oM-ikeM^  <«nrortiii«W»Mrt. 


70 


,:■> 


tq^  the  ji)mnp%  where  we  foand  him.  a  Hfe  J^sm^ 
oif^f^MNi^i^Al^  oiiF  own  lives*  Omiii^  t#  i^lQiig 
siiiHljrilfimliiiif iliie  Chliudksiite/  for  we  fionietlmlE>f 
^4  f i9id| :  aome^  Bieii>  of  oltr  e«aifi«a»^  wie j^  oli^ 
fliill04  t«^$»i^iN»iii  the  file,  and  witbt^r  naiU,^ 
1|^o|iti|f  ibe  Mtn4»^  roQt§  whieh  they  este^N^cl' 
e«^pMlri{M^0  iitem  raw^  even  without  WikAfi 
l«Pg* u  Ilj|»u|*  Wi4 wO(e-b%oBe,  a&yoiir  IkUM^ 
ipstvlt^if^ifeiiotbil create  g  smtle^  to  obierye 

tlie  wkidillttQ^i^M^r^^k^  X^^^^^ 

m4^imAi0:imi^^  ^fee^bi#wb«  0110 
ii,  eiMM^if^i'oii^tiiNiiiiyi^ 

]lf»)  jQj  shoehfiViOggiteQ  *WI^  a^iif  We^e^^ 
tii  >  ire*,  wh^m  were  aoiiHS  4^ ^aplc^  tiii^i^ 

^ rffi^t  l%ihiid  ^  tlrei^;riit  ddwn^iq^i^ 

tlfffiilW^  wat  ^iijmt  |»at%  1^^ 
MW*iii^fWi3r>  as  t©;«^ 4%f^ppte 

^Hl^tl.  rt^  the  iiidiifiiii  a  JM^  |p 

1^  igl^>  iii4|l9itA|ii«  Ui^imB^m^  h€  ttireii^ 
|^ed||<^^Q#^   It  iq|reaieiiHilll«ri  hit  li&^^aa 

wmW  ham  lie^^^  ar^^l^^^iieElf iit<^  r  l^ffnp^ 

tfiey  ga^e;;i^rll  ettp  of  |b^  bf^th.  4;  table 
^y^nfdi  was  atl.  that  was  tasted. rli  teid  a 

Ipg^mildilMK^r  and  W9i$  »aiA  «o  Jiie  t|i«i  ^M  hmk 


t 


71 


rve 
Ibe* 


?W 


18^ 


n 

i^ 


vU 


Mm 

'.ft*.      - 

[■] 


. 


Tlii#  Wfti^  kstiuMfy  kii6Mrii  W  H  i^  fW>M 
41Ud  laste  ftiid  smell.  It  was  that  dFli  dQM&  tt« 
Wfti  «  latte  blaek  NieiirftHiitiinaid  dog,  l^lo^ 
ittg  to  Thayer^  and  very  ftiti  H^  left  these 
laerry  fellows^'  fUr  tliejr  W^  ictuaily  sueh^ 
^auj|ire  all  their  wants,  aad  miir^btiM'  quiiik- 
Ij^i  i^N^iyi^eteBiiigeacatt^^ 
fire,  hat  no  food^  To  me  the  woriphyridit 
m  mm^.  ^Mm^  iMM  dMh  hi^<^  been 
tieedviNl  ai  im  aas^eioiis  liM^lidi^o 
nii^.  Mf  prli^ilms  in  c^i^'lifa^  w^i^  iddk 
us  to  i^^tidi^  dl^.     Wl^oal 

f^idi^  wMhoiil  <^«ithiB«f  to  |iN^  tte  #arfi^ 
oiit  »oii#jrf  iHid  Itt  a  d^^  iiM^^ 
the  ldeilM%ee«ipred>  mi  ^^iasmnB  vrete  in  my 
hattds,  lif  ciodSte  ^a^g^Mim^  lite  BoditfaMgod^ 
imirtiiopMI  0t1ier  U^^  yrin^^f  ause 

of  ehaage  (aiMk^  iira(  §Niilri%  hand  iH  Pnn^K 
d^^)^M  11^  i^irtiiiitptil^  Wlur  tli^fial  liilaH^ 
^v^Melii^  f^fvm  Atnighl^  Wiii*lBf)%oot 
liodMit  iK^lliRHiifi^  fifl^J^ir  eoinpltrfbts  jK^ 
•e#  j^^imiiii^^^i^^  thee^tti^ 

pitey;  'he  woiM  Mtlg^  <^Mit()^f'  Us^^^  si«iorfiii 
▼<Ai^  ^gaile  A(»irit  t^^  UcHil^,  l»id1iie  mok-atth^ 
M:ii^  409^1^  mind.    In  tnim 

thi'liilft^yth^iMiitii^  a^^An^  as  thiit  oiMs^ 
d^  liided  slp^JB^  i^^^  to  I^r^fer^l4 

^Fhis  eteniagr  to  wai^  Ihat  filnie  of^i^nr  ^tojiaii*. 
lonsi  ttrhoie  stooiildlilfaad^tMi^reeeived  food,  M 
«tll#>  lltot  fbrf|.efghi  houfii  Adopted  the  noiion, 
tliat'fcii^e^^  ^tiffih  it  had  ll^^  Hmiiitfaetur«B^ 
liii^  t»e  iB^d^r  )^il&«Bhlef^  and  w^alt  gratt-- 
f^;^  lili'  a^^iltf^  -Ohs^yilkg  their  disooiirse,  tn 
^elAte  experiment  lieeame  a  matter  of  euriod- 
1^  -l^e^  iitashed  their  m^ekasins  of  inooie^ 
^fi|  M^  first  plaee,  la  the  rlfer^  wn^^ 
#^i^the^  ^laad  si^i  withf  gpt^etm^  The«e 


1 


f^ 


»^* 


oviHr^  the  ll^or  ftllo¥»  «)ic^)^  t^  lo#A<«^ 
tfilO^  th^i^  jieuig  iin<d|g<qpd»  iii(9feiilie49#J^ 

j^  iMi;  i^lil^  4|iui)^,i^^|lil»«gh^|iM|%i^  5*  1WI%  eaten 

^i  £oir  tl|&  fii?8lr:  UH|f)p  4j^ii9Ii» 9mf9  mimwt 
j^^  was  ^  cadi^t. !  It^jtt  fnqnlr^iA  Aic«l  pa^i^ 

—"tWal  oiiia(^i»»lroi9^im»  noiiofiMiii^liip  «|^^ 


T3 


'% 


■.<■  ,*<*:s' 


imB  trfUt^TMB  to  hit  touBtiy.  How6Ter#  tiflMi 
tkis  as  tbe  wajWard  ideas  of  .a  person  toli^ 
esela^^  from  a  kiio^le<^  of  th^  secrelB  6f 
the  eabinet;  who  was  somewhat  attentiye  to  its 
opra^ationsf  so  far  as  newspaper  iifforaation  ean 
eludidate*  i^ 

^^We  marefaed  as  hastUy  as  o«r  ir^ari^  4inil 
i^ehie  Umhs  could  admitf  hoping  so<sn  to  share 
In  something  liisi^  aa  abjsintan  ibast.  The  ^r- 
Tatnris  of  the  river,  hsid  ^eeiVed  ns  in  the  eal- 
eiilatioil  of  dtstanee*  I.  wasmiinj  hours  cnse  we 
earoetothe  pla^  of  slaughter.  Wefounda 
^,  hut  lio  j^vkion#  e:i^Bept  a  siiiall  q^antit|^ 
of  0ateii  meal/  i^semhUttlr  hi  gtiV  ouf  eho^petf 
rye.  SIrapsott  ysrinod  some  of  thi8kin^a|eiv 
and  at^  widi  goat*  To  me  it  was  ni«tiM^ 
this  may  haiv0  %elHi  owjfng  to  the  lunelieiElk  l^m 
BmitJ^'s  hoard.  i3ie  Ffisheh  men  told  ^s^t 
those  who  preeeded»  had  doToiired  the  v«|^ 
entrails  of  the  imttlei^  On«  of  the  eastern  pe% 
as  we  eame  to  the  fire^  was  gorginc  the  Ui$lM 
of  the  eolouf  half  rinsed— half  hroued.  St  'imi^ 
he  said,  he  ate  wiUi  pleasure^  as  he  tore  It  ipi 
a  hungry  d«^  would  tear  a  hauneh  of  mea^  IfeT 
iMm- eiiK^amped  tot  the  nii§^  eheered  l|SJ^  J|p 
h<me' of  suepor. ;  ,.;;...,.;^,j.- ..,.•  ^-v:  -.M^-.A. 
Noveniiber  4th«^  Ah^liit  two  o^dbek,  K  m*;l^^ 
arriviHd  at  a  ^ntge  stream  eoming  from  tho  0^f 
which  we  ran  thvough,  though  more  ^li^a  Ini^t 
deep*  This  iras  the  most  ehiUing  hath  we  IM 
hitherto  reeeived:  the  weather  was  r^w  l|^#^^|U(» 
It  was  theirthr  and  the  harshest  c^  no^  h|mi*i 
diiys*  Within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  tlbef 
rivery  stood  the  <<£rst  house''  in  Canada  :ipe 
s^roa^d  it  in  exts^jf  sure  of  befi^^r^^ii^^ 
jmm  4^th^  hy  the  means  of  faminei 
^^oiqpatrlots  were  unaware  0^1 

■     G    ■       '.'J 


74 


i»Mt  <4:  Av9o)4f  Willi  pmh  abk  MMwitmU  m 
fo%m  ME*  T^pr  ;«ii4  8»0«)0f  luid  laM  IQ  »  gr^fU 
^oeii  4ijrpvfKfM(MiSf  Tb«  HIM  w^erefiifiiiMb  ir<h 

taught  me  wiadoia.  Mjr  friendt  totk  mgr  j|Aiiee» 
But,  imtivi^ttMidljBe  tip  if^efiiigiMe  W^ 
tUe  offioerf  used  )to  iBf «f«  JiiQdmlidii»>  1^  1^ 
were  Qutrag^iA  ^pwi  tb^  ral^il,  llNmIMM 
4$paipFe|ieii9i»iijeCiitti^«e^^       ABttii^Ta* 

IjriKliaiery  wl^et  (bin my  ^ffeetkt  ^^^^i^^^  )^^» 
>  I  waMie4  Vke.iP9tl|it  do1^rBBdp»]^••iblil}e^irtl 

boiled  iMid  roasted^  yr^9  igojBitifkmiimi  wUhniii 
flUiit.  £te  MCHoied  to  d^deaibir^itar  4be  si^jhi* 
j#mc;iiiof  pire9eiit  c^niti^  i|iiji#ij|tir<i  Aa^« 
alter.  Mailer  Qftbe  siea  siefceaed^  It  iiat  b^kA 
ip9take%  we  loiit  tl^ree  pf  imt  eomaa^^  1^^ 
tbieli?  imsriideiioe  an  tl^s  .oacamii*  Tae  louaar 
^la^,ext^9ioaaf  the  i^n^  %ad*  afiar  ji 
l^ji^jr  fasti  iHlcgrii^tes  %  mof^  aaMm,^x|bM^i«i 
tf I  tbaa  01^  tatd  fdbaepaa  a^  aliaiaaii  M 
w^r  Ahc  tba  first  ttee«  haAtiie  ' 


W9  i^W»*  J^^9  ^9^^  fiirat  ttee,  bllA Jtbe  ^i^ 
aaleof  seeing  the  woiihjiLan^  la^UilMt 

lli|t|ayis#  and  jyv  bi^tber  Sabatkf  witli  same 


,  _  .af  ihair  ut^b^  (tba  Abeaaqaiai.)  lieu 
tfipi^  Slacje  t«^^  nst  that  whenhe  first  arrii^» 
Kaiaiiits  eaaia  to  bim^^^  in  an  abrnni  bat  triend* 
Iir  AipiAe  and  ga^eubim  a  :eorQial  sbahe  t|}r 
Wd  JMkiuJt  iatijaaatiag  a  pre(¥iau%  iMersomii,  fcna w- 
ledgedfbini*  ^han  we  eamey  be  approaabeA 
€unnin|p]iaiD^  Boydf  and  w^m%  aad  AiMh  bwndf 
in  the  juragr  af  an  aid  aeqaaintanee.  WesJi^fr 
leam^ili>iahini9  that  aa  tbE»  evening  whea^ii^ 
frf t  eneanipid  fi^fta"Kead-riTerf'*  (S^p^     " 


s: 


1-  '.m*': 


fcer  «9th)  in  our  first  Aicendbiif  lia  l«]f  Wilkin 
▼lew  of  onr  eampf  %nd  90  eonlkiaed  d«il|f^ild 
B^htly  to  attend  oifr  voyag^y   tfirtfl  ^<$  jMtth 

gresenCedy  whieh  le^  dire«tljr  into  Canada.  IMt 
e  took  I  to  theqoestion/  <^M^y  did  you  not 
ipeaA:  t6  yourfrkndB?  Ho  readily  loiairoredy  and 
truly,  <«  Tou  would  liaTd  killed  inej^  ^fhls  wat 
ino«trlHL^9  as  oar  prijudiees  a|^iiit"lilni  kad 
keen  ti^t  8trongl[y  ex<^dy  and  We  had  no  iiinit 
in  diir  orders^  srs  to  tkli  ileyoted  person.  He^ 
kiabt«tk«riBaliatl8,  and  seTontel^i  other  indlansy 
tke  n^ewi  and  friends  of  Ntitaiiisy  mardied 
wiHi  us  to  QndbeOl  In/HM  attadk  of  tkat  lilaooy 
on  tke  motmig  of  tke  firtft  of  Jaiuiary  f(^oWliittf 
Natantsf  ttieinTed  m  musqoet  kail  tkrougk  mis 
^n^Bt.  Jielndopted  a  orklrurg^^,  wktek  s^enti^ 
extraOriliwryy  at  tke  timer  and  quite  new,  kut 
wklc^/now  BeeaMi  to  me,  to  ke  tliat  of  n»tii|e 
itself*  Bo  dre#  a  pledget  of  linien  quite  througk 
tke  wbnnib  tke  ends  of  wkieh,  kung  dov^'^n 
ea^:  nMk  of  tke  arm;  He  was  taicen  {ir&so^^ 
knt  gen^f«l::€lilieton  disoklirged  kiii  ImitttliiMa 
ly  wilk  i^rohg  tcdieiis  of  ooini^  '^t^ 

iV  tke  Arst  Ittstaiioe  Iff  tke  eotirso  of  ^Msr  revi^^ 
tio^ry  wiN  of  ^^e  enqiiloyiaeiit  of  Itidliuiii:^ 
aetual  wtfi^re  s^ost  our  eiienuei.^  To  ki^  si#e 
It  wim  liie'iibt  of  a^ttior  oomnivittidl«iv  ntii^^M^ 
ranted,  so  far  as  kas  come  ito  iny  kiio^lii^ey 
ky  die  orders  of  kis  snpeiiorsi  yet  it  iseeiiilt  to 
ovtkotiage^  in  a  smalt  de||ree,  upon  tkepaiit  of 
our  <^ponei^s,  tkat  korrikle  system  of  s^^gres^ 
4on,  i^ek  la  a  skort  time  OiM^  an€  aston- 
IdtM  and  disgusted  tke  eltUlzed  world. 

lior.  5tk.  Hunger,  wkick  neitker  knows  go- 

^roiisanee  or  restraint,  keing  now  gra^H^,  We 

iniiied  our  aUention  towards  our  ffiertl^i  wko 

Mgei«  stiSintke  wildemoss.  8iH^lin#$iifl]^^ii^ 


76 


^fcir  reMlfeQtioii  does  not  sarve'  to  iay  how  my 
friendl^lP^ndriiBkf  aad  Niehols  were  employed* 
butillrit  GfiditilDly  in  doing  good*)  always  aeti?ef 
procured  two  youiig  IndianSf  nephews  of  Nata- 
ni0>  V  Byttet  fellows/'  (as  Simpson  ealled  them^) 
to  piDeeed  on  the  followine  moriiliiig  to  the  great 
fallrfor  the  person  of  the  invaluable  MK?le« 
land,  :  Befbre  we  started,  it  gave  me  pleasure  to 
aee  these  yoiithsy  excited  by  the  reward  obtain* 
od,  pushing  their  bii^eh-bark  canoe  against  the 
.strict  euri^nt  ibTlthe  river*  It  seemed  like  an 
9gg-shell  tobound  over  the  surface  of  the  waves 
of  etery  opposing  ripple.  To  end  at  once  this 
dolorous  nart  of  our  story ;  the  young  men»  in 
despite  of  ovel^  impediment  from  the,  waters, 
and  the  solieit^tloils  of  the  starved  wanderers 
lathe  rear,  for Ibod,  hurried  on  to  the  fall,  and 
on  the  evening  of  the  third  day,  brought  our 
4ying  friend  to  tbe  «  first  house/V  The  follow- 
ing qky  be  died,  and  his  em*p8e  received  a  due 
respeot  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  vicinage. 
We  were  infor'nied  of  this  a  month  after.  T%is 
real  Catholicism  towards  the  remains  of  one  tl^ 
loved^  made  a  deep  and  wide  breach  upoa" 
my  earSy  pr(ju(^ce8>  which  since  th^t  period  has 
caused  no  regret  J  but  has  induced  a  mot^e  ex- 
tended and  pitt€>rnal  view  of  mankind>  unbound- 
ed by  sect  or  opinion. 

The  morning  of  ^the  dth  Nov.  we  marched  in 
straggling  parties,  throng  a  flat  and  rich  couUr 
try,  sprinkled.  It  might  be  said,  decorated,  by 
many  low  houses,  all  white  washed,  which  ap- 
peared to  be  the  warm  abodes  of  a  contented^ 
pcNople.  Every  now  and  then,  a  ohapel  eame  in 
•iglit  I  but-more  frequently  the  rude»  but  pious 
imitations  of  the  sufferings  of  our  Saviour,  pnd 
the  image  of  the  "tirgin.    These  things  creited 


V 


'•$ 


77 


•<??;> 

■■^v',' 


Sttfurizfj  at  Hmif  in  my  mindjv&r.  ivjiive  I 
th^ugl^t  there  eopild  be  little  other  than  barbar- 
il^f  wf  fiiiiid.  eiViiized  .meOf  in  a  oomforjtaUa 
•Utet  e^jp^inf  all  the  benefttt  arising  from  the 
iostitolion'i  of  c^yii  jMieiety.  The  river,  along 
whkih  the  f^  ran,  in  this  days  maroh,  beoame 
|n  tl|<0  mosf  {Nirt  our  guide.  It  now  flowed  in  a 
deep  and  f^lmost  sightless  eurrentf  wherid  my 
opiiortanilliss  gave  me  a  view*  Our  abstemious- 
ness was  still  adhered  to.  About  tnoon  of  the 
next  day,  we  arrived  at  the  quaoters  of  Arnold^ 
a  station  he  had  taken  for  the  purpose  of  halt« 
ing  and  embodying  the  whi^e  of  our  emaeiated 
and  strMH^ng  troops*  We  were  now  perhiuis 
lhir<y  mUes  from  point  IjBvi  |  whieh  is ,  on  the 
8t.  LawrenjOjB*  apd  nearly  opposite  to  Quebee, 
^om  oor  me89  had  ^*  fii#iids  at  eoart.^  Arnold, 
slnoQ  we|4E(ft  tlie  ><  tweiTe-^milenearrying  pl^e/f 
theiMt  ^me,  had,  deserf^y,  tdkea  Steele  airW 
guide,  into  his  mess  $  and  He  had  become  a  kintf 
of  aid-de-eaiipip>-— he  was,  to.say  :no  moife,  a  con-* 
fldentiai  mm^  John  M*  Tkiylor^  kei^i  iind.  bolA 
>  as  an  Irish  grey-boundt  was  of  oar  eiwipiiay» 
lielng  a  ready  penman  imd  exeelieat  aeeoui^nt : 
Hl^  was  at  onee  exalted,  by  the. shrewd  and  dis* 
eerning  eye  i#  Arnold,  to  the«fflees  of  piiirveyoir 
and  eominissary.  We  had  no  disttai^ions  of  0& 
fioe,  seansely  any  of  rank,  in  those^days.  Qiir 
squad,  in  eonsequenee,  eame  bold^iH^  tp  hi^iid« 
qiiarters,  though  w^  eamp  not  now  iiitii  their  pre*- 
sence.  Steele,  who  iipras  in  waiting,  pointed  to 
the  slaughter-house,  a  hi|lidr<?d  yards  distant. 
'Iliither  we  went',-  determined  to  indulge.  Hero 
we  found  ^uc  friend  Taylor,  worried  almort  to 
death,  in  dealing  out.  the  sustenance  <^  life  to 
others.  WJ|^out  hyperbole  or  eireiMiiloeutioxi, 
i#^ve  tts  lil many  pounds  of  beef*«tak^  as  we 

G  a 


',-h 


n 


A9&&  t^  eMVjrw  Proct^dliig  to  the  AeiA  lunne^ 
a  mile  bdoWf  voine  one  of  the  pmrty  %e«fthie 
eoek.  Oood  bread  Mid  potiiteeftf  with  theiio* 
eomeftimiieiit  of  beef  itakey  prodveeda  Mfory 
ineaL  Believing  m^'Belf  oot  of  danger  from 
My  extrftordinary  indulgenee  of  afpetite*  tlie 
due  quantity  wai  exeeededy  and  yet»  belieire  mei 
it  ^as  not  more  than  an  anehorlte  might  rell« 
gionsly  take.  We  eoon  beeame  fentiUe  of  thit 
act  of  imprndenee.  •  Tlie  mareh  of  the  after- 
WMMi  was  a  dull  ahd  heaty  one.  A  l^er  atthek* 
ed  mei  I  beeame,  aceording  to  my  fbellngff»  tiie 
most  miserable  of  human  beings.  Bctermined 
not  to  lag  behind,  my  eyes,  al  times,  eonld 
seareely  discern  the  way>  nor  my  legs  do  their, 
office.  We  did  not*  march  fhr  thfi  afternoon* 
in  this  high  hMltode,  a  winter^s  day  is  very 
short  and  fleeting.  The  evening  brought  me 
110  comfbrt,  tliou^  we  slept  wcrndy  in  a  fftfm 
house. 

November  7lh.-^11ie  army  im^  termed  Into 
more  regfdar  and  eompaet  order.  In  the  mum^ 
^  prettv  early,  we  proceeded.  Abmit  noon 
1a§  :m8ofder  had  Inereased  so  intoleriMy,  that  I* 
eo^d  wot  put  a  foot  forward.  SeMtin^  myimlf 
tipon  a  log  at  the  way  side,  the  troopt  passed  on. 
IW  the  rear  came  Am^  on  hors^aek.  He 
knew  my  name  and  character,  and,  good  natu- 
reifly,/itK|«lrpd  after  my  health.  Bemginlbrm- 
ed,  lie  dismounted,  ran  down  to  the  river  side, 
"^  hti^ted  the  owner  i>f  the  house,  which  stood 
tif^olilA  across  the  water.  The  good  Canwdlany 
hi  hii  eanoe,  quiekly  arrived.  Beposiling  my  gun 
l^d  accoutrements  in  the  hands  of  one  cl*  our 
inehy  who  attended  upon  me,  and  liad  been  dis- 
Urmed  by  losing  his  ride  in  some  one  of  the 
irrfiiddDgs  ahove,  and  Arnold  pattifig  twi»  ^ver 


7» 

dollan  into  n^  limiiAii  tlie  i^r«tiiiiiKiif  MfHei 
me  to  Ills  hoiiM*  OidH^te  bed  witli «  histi  ^Stnii 
upOK  met  1  lny  oil!  this  Mid  tlie  MtoWlifg  di^ 
witkout  Utting  foiNU  TMt  #«d  %Mfi  f*6  Mme 
of  tli«  diteAie*'  ll«  afr^eitor  beeAiiM tlie  fffr«. 

Tbe  iki«»riilng  of  4iie  ililrd  dlQr,  f  ifMh  Mdr^) 
Ibrouglit  IBM  lietltli.    Tlie«tiftlrefl«  er  the  IwiMei 
wbe  hild  been  teipy  »ttentiii«  «nd  fci^d,  ftftked 
me  to  brei&fkst.    Tlik  ImmMcf*  but  fenereit 
meal,  eoiiiilited  of  H  bony!  of  mllfe,  for  the  fftteutt 
with  exeeUent  btead.    IHie  fare  of  the  liiitiiltj 
was  this  same  breads  garlie^  and  salt— ^I  had  ob# 
^ervedf  Ihat  thk  Ifras  the  usual  mornlng^s  dieti 
Ibr  Hay  ki  the  sto^-room»  Where  the  fiMnHy 
ate  and  slept.    This  Worthy 'family^  was  eompos^ 
ed  of  seven  persons  |    the  parents  In  the  prime 
of  life>  and  fire  charming  irM#f  eblMren^  all 
neatly  and  Warmfy  elothed  la  Woolen^  apparent- 
ly of  their  <»wtt  manufhotery;    Yoam^ht  sap^ 
pose,  froqnthe  manneref  their  IWIiig*  that  these 
|MMN(ons  were  poor.    Neeaehthllie.    They  were 
In  good  elremnetaiiees.    Their  hoitser  harn^  eta^ 
blingf  &e.   were  warm  an#  ebtiflbriaMe>   and 
their  diet  sueh  as  Is  unlfmisjl  aiAong  Hie  Fr<p^ 
peasantry  of  CamHkii    IPriAhring  my  two  ^dd- 
lhr«  to  Ibis  holiest  man,  he  rtjeeted  them- witk 
sometyng  Hke  iMsddnln  Mt  eennteiiaaee)  ^itl^ 
mating  to  me  that  he  had  raetwly  eliteyed  the  die* 
tates  of  religion  and  humanity.    Tears  tiled 
my  eyes  when  I  toidi  my  leave  of  these  aniliihle 
people.    But  theyliad  Hot  even  ye^l  done  eiMmgh 
Ibr  me.    The  fitther  insisted  on  atlending^^ me 
to  the  ferry  «dme  miles  oftwhere  the  river 
takes  a  turn  almost  due  north*  to  meet  the  St. 
Lawrence.    Here  my  wort^  host  proeured  me 
a  passage  wot^/We,  ^serving  to  me  my  monc^ 
ini^  be  requked  before  the  araiy  eoM  be 


.  .  »     '., 

80 

6vertakem  Laniliiie  on  Xhti  1101^  iMnk  of  the 
rivefy  the  wny  qould  not  be  nlttglieOf  the  tiuek 
of^'tlie  army. had  Btrongljniiirked  the  rottte» 
To  me  it  wob  a  mopt  glopmy  and  loKtary  maroh* 
Not  a  soul  was.  to  be  se^n  ia  the.  course  of  ten 
niiles.  Being  without  arinsy  and  in  an  unknown 
counlryt  my  inconsequenjBey.and  ftitQeness  lay 
heavy  On  my  spirits*  |Iere  and  there  was  a 
farm-house^  but  the  inhahitiiots  were  either 
elosely  housed  or  absent  from  thetr  homes.  .  Af- 
ternoouf  arriving  at  the  quarters  of  our  com- 
panyy  my  gun  and  aoeoutrements  were  reclaim- 
ed with  ardoury  and  a  solemn  resolution  iiever 
to  part  with  them  again»  unless  it  hiippened  by 
the  compulsion  of  tne  foe.  The  housCf  which 
the  company  pospessed»  lay  some  hundreds  of 

Saces  from  headn^uartersf  but  ivithin  viewk 
f  organ's  quarters  were  nearer.  Where  Hen- 
dricks made  his  lodgment  is  not  now  reeolleetedf 
but  it  was  at  i|o  great  distance* 

On  the  following  dayt  (Npv.  lltli»)  our  guns 
in  ordert  a  scene  openedy.  which  then  and  now 
seems  to  me  to^have  exhibited  us  in  <i  disrepu- 
table point  of  view :  it  evineedy  at  leasty  the 
necessity  of  a  staid  and  sober  conduct  of  the  of- 
icery  iis  well  as  a  strict  subordination  and  obe- 
dience of  the  private.  A  hurried  aiid  bolster- 
jous  reporty  came  ftom  head-quarter Sy  that  the 
British  were  landing  to  our  left  at  a  milly  about 
a  mile  olf.  Each  one  grasped,  his  arms.  Mor- 
gan and  the  Indlansy  vho  lay  nearest  to  the 
commander's  quartersy  were  foremost.  The 
running  was  severe.  The  lagging  Indiansy  and 
a  variety  of  fhe  :hree  ccmpanie^  were  inter* 
mingled.  Coming  to  the  brow  of  the  precipicey 
but  still  unseeny  we  perceived  a  boat  landings 
which  came  from  a  frigate  laying  in  the  stream9 


a  mile  below.  1ElMi>e«teftine  ashore.  Ayontll 
»prung  fiN>m  it!i  'I^  tideebhiagt  the  lioatswMil 
thotigiii  it  betiMr  to  obtain  a  deeper  ^  landings 
plaie*  nearer  the  mlllf  and  drew  off*  Morgan^ 
apprehentire  of  a  dlteovery;'  of  oor  preseneey 
lired  at  the  boat's  ere w.  A  volley  eniued  with- 
out liarBi>  prokably  beeaa  te  of  the  great  tpaee 
between  ii8.:.Th^  palled  off ehore»  until  be*- 
yond  tibe  range ;of  our  gttn%  leaving  the  mid* 
shiplnantooariiierey.  The  hapless  ytt>ath»  eon* 
founded,  unknowing « what  to  do>  plunged  into 
the  river»  hoping  to  regain  his  boat.  His  friends 
lljringfroRi  hlniy^ie  waded,  he  swanii  yet  eould 
not  reaeh  ^te  boat.  At  the  distance,  perhaps,  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  yards,  nothing  but  his 
head  above  water,  a  «hootbg»niateh  took  place, 
and  believe  me,  the  balls  of  Morgan,  Simpson, 
Hunifdireys,  and  others,  played  around,  and 
within  a  few  Inches  of  his  head.  Even  after  a 
lapse  of  thirty  years.  It  gi? es  me  pain  to  reeol* 
leet,  that  my  gun  was  dlseharged  at  him.  Sueh, 
however,  was  the  savage  fl&roeity  ei^^ndered, 
in  those  ungracious  times,  by  a>  devolutioii  ^* 
the  ministry  of  the  mother-eounti^i  ftrom  the 
true  line  of  conduct  towards  her  colonies.   .: 

M^KenSie,  (the  nfime  of  the  young  m^n,)  see^ 
ing  that  his  boat's  crew  had  desertedhim,  show- 
ed a  desire  to  surrender,  by  approaching  the 
shore.  The  firing  ceased.  But  a  still  nwre 
disgusting  ocourreiice  than  tbt)  precediog,  fid* 
lowed.  The  ladr  coming  towards  the  shore^ 
evidently  intending  to  submit,  Sabatis,  the  In^ 
dian,  the  brother  of  Natanis,  sprung  forward, 
scalping  knife  in  hand,,  seemingly  intending^.to 
end  the  strife  at  a  single  blow.  Tho  humanitgr 
of  Morgan  and  Humphreys,  towards  a^  raeiittmf> 
bent  foe,  was  excited.    One  or  the  other  of 


83 


Avm^  U  unvi  now  reoolleeied  yuMeb^  ib  f  artiev- 
lATr  by  Itts  agility  and  ainasii^  :powen  of  bodyr 
Wftftenabled  to  preeedetheiiidian%  tevseralyards. 
TUs  eontefrt  of  athletleism  waft  observed  fpom 
Hie  sbore^  wbene  we  were»  with  great  interest* 
Morgan  brought  ^be  boy  (fbr  be  was  real!/ 
««eli»)  to  laiid^  and  aft^wards  Esteemed  faim^ 
fer  be  merited  Ibe  good  wtil  ot  a  bero :  Wet 
andbuQgry»  we  returned  to  quartersi  ^ntiiifng 
along  the  i^iMre  withr  oiir  prey^  the  Hoater  shiop 
of  war»  haling  warped  up  for  the  purpos^^^  pelted 
ttsall  the  way  wi^  baitand  grf^  shot*  itwas 
ao  easy  nMtt^  to  aseend  the  bsndi^  wbleh  was 
steep  and  eraggy.  Our  firlsoner  waa  prudently. 
loquadoiiSf  mA  rerj  genteel.  He  biui  left  the 
5lpop>  ,  dT  wl^b  he  was  a  middyq^anuif  upoa 
oommandy.  to  proeure  spM*s  and  oars^  wbtdi  Jay 
intheniyL  Heiiad  omredoiftlie  boatti^pro* 
euro  a  better  lan^i^r  wtb^  oar  impi^deat  lire 
drove  hM  people  from  bini^  He  was  Ibe  brother 
of  ea|itain  M<Kensie>  1^  the  Pearl  frigate»»' In 
lT7f9  the  young  M^&ensie  was  again  ^iken.  I 
naw  him  at  Jbaneaster^  ^Pennsylvaniay)  aeitre> 
I^v)elyf  and  faeetious  aaeirer.  Baring  oiir  stay 
aU^pfinntljeviyColonol  Arnold  was  busily  engag* 
ed.  lining  now  diseovered^  it  beeame  us  to 
pass  the  St.  Lawrenee  as  soon  as  pesuble.  The 
ii^iil  diffieulty  eonidsted  in  the  procurement  of 
boaita  ^r  canoes.    Those  Muds  of  erafi^  on  this 

ert  of  the  riTer»  had  previous^  to  our  arrival^ 
etn  seeured  by  the  v%ilance  of  goyernment» 
whiefa  it  Js  likely  had  aome  intHnation  of  an  in- 
road in  the  direction  we  eame.  ,  Twenty-live 
canoeSf  cliiefly  of  birch  bark,  were  with  mfli'^ 
eulty  procured. .  The  command  of  these  was 
^eonferred  upon  lieutenant  Steele^  who  selected 
Uie.Jteersmen^ Df  whom  it  name  to  me. to  be 


onesi; 
in  tl 


* 


93 


<me.:  !I1ift|Miiiage,i  ifprm  MMt  be  nwle 

in  tile  flighty  Mid  tbal  la  the  HMst  likiit  mumi 
met^i  at  a  tiaie  IIm  .tide-  nMrved..  :  -f 

Between  the  heuta  of  i»4nHl  «i  ^ekek^  en 
the  .night  ef  Hie  l^th  of  ll«?enher^  the  iroopa 
iwnMMk  «n  thei  heaeh»  neB»  the  n^  ibefbf^ 
mp^ened, .  witiient  noke  er  twalle^  €hieearge 
was  deifaiehedi-ahen  a  aecinMl^  npon  malJng 
theteaverte  n  thiiwl  timei  an  a^pident  hameneti 
to  n»r  friend.  Stedtor  whiehfon  enn  senfOMv  ere« 
dit  Being  at  a^eenaideinUedistaneehdmdii^^ 
biaeanoey  I  eeuldiMitr  at  its  oeenvring/ehoerre 
the  tninia^ien^  ner^avn  In  tlt#  dMiMv>  thongh 
B^  life  wenldhnTebeen  wUlliii^yfiiiked  fiw  hls^ 
and  yel  the  relatien  ef  thia  faet,  is  meet  nnqnei* 
tionai^y  trne»  These  fke^^t  aaseiv^PaiionB^ 
may  ^l^ar  somewhat  iiwhwaii^  and  toi  blav 
th^detMl  of  Oils  stoiy  |  hut  mup  saffsfftags  w^re 
so  e&traofdtniury  in  their  klnds>  and  soag^nm^ 
ed  bjiv  ^e^natare  of  tiie  se¥ei>e  sevviees  we  nai. 
derweht,  that  now-a-days  it  wiH  ve^ttive  a  Ihitii 
almost  amroaehiiig  to  oredvlity»  to  oMvinee 
the  mind  of  their*  trutli.  Steele  stoered  a^  bireh* 
hark  eanoe^  the  weH$h^  and  it  is  likely  th^ 
awkwardness  of  the  men,  when  ahout  theaMi 
41e  of  the  river^  <iHiieh  at  thi»f^Keis  fidly 
tiro  miles  widej)  hurst  ^le  iNinoe*  The  men 
who  were  in  it>  swam  to,  or  were  taken  Wf^  hy 
the  oanoes  nearest  to  theau  It  was  oChes^ifae 
with  Steele.  He  was  the  last  to  get  to  9^  0mm 
under  the  mani^ement  <^  the  wor^v  Who^eps^ 
but  it  was  full  of  men^  There  eoirit  be  no  ad«i 
mittapee.  The  steersman  adrised,  and  SteeM 
was  Qompelled  from  neeessity,  to  throw  his  arme 
oTer  the  stern-^Wheelert  seating  himsehT  o^ 
them,  so  as  to  hold  him  seeurely,  for  it  #as» 
bleak  and  nupblag  night    Thus,  in  thie  man* 


rmes^ 


84 

Ber  was  this  worthy  and  adrentiirciis  officer^ 
floated  to  the  shore  at  WolPs  eore.  'Here  there 
was  an  nninhabited  house*  A  fire  had  been  light- 
ed in  itf  hy  some  of  our  people^  who  first  land- 
ed. It  became  a  pole-star  to  us  in  tiie  rear,  we 
steered  for  itv  Landing  abont  half  an  hour  af- 
ter Ste^e»  we  fbund  him  at  the  fire*  seemingly 
chilled. to  the  heart ;  but  he  was  a  iman  not  to 
he  -disospirited  by  slight  iniUiers.  Frietion  soon 
Testoreo  him  to  his  usual  animation.  Thempon^ 
BOW  about  three  o'clock,  shone  brightiy>  iand  the 
tide  run  out  rapidly^  so  that  the  passing  of  the 
rest  0f  the  troopSf  about  one  hnadred  and  fifty 
in  number}  this  night,  was  given  up.  Thiscir- 
eumrtance,  of  the  absence  of  so  large  a  part  of 
our  force^  was  known  but  to  few.  They  joined 
lis  on  the  following  night*  It  had  beeii  the  in- 
tention of  our  chief,  ta  storm  the  town  this 
night  $  but  the  deflcieninr  of  our  seaMng  ladders,^ 
many  of  which  were  lea  beyond  the  river,  now 
repressed  that  design. 

November  i4th.  The  troops  easify  ascended 
the  hill^  by  a  good  road  eat  in  it  slantii^y. 
This  was  not  the- case  in  1759,  when  the  im- 
mortal  Wolf  mounted, here,  it  was  then  a  steep 
dei4ivity#  enfiladed  by  a  host  of  savages,  but  was* 
surmounted,  by  the  eager  and  gallant  spirit  of 
our  nation. 

November  15th.  Arriving  on  the  brow  of  the 
precipice,  we  found  ourselves  on  the  plains  of 
Abraham,  so  deservedly  famous  in  story.  The 
moi*ning  was  cold,  and  we  were  thinly  clad. 
'While  an  adventurous  party  despatched  by  Ar- 
nold, under  the  command  of  one  of  Morgan's 
lieutenants,  were  eii^miiiim  the  walls  of  the 
city,  we  were  pacing;  ^the  JHains  to  and  fro,  in 
silence,  to  keep  ourse^es  warm.    The  winter 


%B 


^•Bimoii  keoiinu.  Mj^ke  ^m%  ihm  v^emOU 
fla^  partjr  mtvataed,  di^^girii  was.  Mt^nmey  Ma* 
tent  l%e  partgr  fimnd  t^ny  tldng^  towmrds 
tdetk^,  in  n  slnte  of  pertbet  quietMgB.     Tbk 

iM^weiB^r^  tk»  oottBir J  mayi  have  Ibem  vtpveMBt^ 
jbil  gioM.^  Not  evoD  the.  «r3fE  of  .<^Airv«.  ipeH/* 
wao  ttttoved,  was  a  part  of  th^  iPipM;^  /el  wo 
lieard  that  osty  from  ^o  wi^»  even  whore  wo 
were;  but  tbk  ia  a  c^reet  Mooy  was  aoarerto 
U9  tliaii  the  Toioes  opposite  to^  the  paptj/^.  This 
was  the  hmy  nomont^^  bat  wMh  our  small  and 
disjointed  foroe^  what  eoiild  be  done  I  There 
was  searoel^  more  than  three  haadred  and  fifty 
menj  wllinf^  and  determined  to  be  sore,  biit 
too.  few  to  assail  a  fortress^  sueh  a»  QucOiee  is. 
litka^  had  beea  known  this  nighty  whkh  was 
endenoed  hi  a  few  day«  by  the  fugitives  frmii^the 
eity»  ArnoU  would  most  Jtssaredly  hare  hazard- 
ed an  atlaek.  .  St.  J^ohnfB  gale^  whi<^  opens  on 
Atoihaia^  plaias,  and  is  a  most  impeHamt  sta- 
tion,  was  unbarred^  nay,  unfiiosed:  nothing  but 
a  single  eanoon  under  the  oare  of  a  drowf^ 
watch  9  was  there,  as  a  d^tsnee ;  we  were  not 
a  m^e  distant^  and  mig^t  ha¥e  entered  unknown, 
and  even  unseen.  Twese  are  uncertain  opinions^ 
resting  on  tiie  Yague  reports  of  the  momenty 
which  might  have  heea  true,^  or  untrue.  ]% 
memory  js,  however,  fresh  in  the  reoidleelioq 
ef  the  heart-vbornings  tlufi.  failure  eaiHsed  amon^ 
us.  Frqvidt^nee,  fiur  wise  purposes^  would 
h?»ve  it  otherwise.  Near  dayligbj||,>  Ire^iring 
rest  and  refreshment,  the  troops  iB(i0md4  a  mlle^ 
to  a  farm'hotise^  of  Lieutenant  ti^VkirncM*  CtM- 
well's.  This  wus  a  great  pile  of  woodv-ii  build- 
lags,  wkh  num^roas  uuthoubes>  which  test^ed 


I 


? 


the  ag;neullttittl  spirit. and  .tatte  of  liie  owiieif. 
He^  goo4  MNily  was  then  8iiu(pJB  i^iiebeo.  /|?ho9e 
who  ^anie  first,  fared  w^U»  and  iu  luok  would 
ha^e  \t9.  we  were  of  the  number:  all  within. an^l 
ndthOut.  the  house^  became  a  pre;^.  . Advorsi^ 
])Ad  destroyed  in  our  mindsy  every  deeorous  or 
ddieate  sensation.    Guards  were  statioiiied  next 
thd  city:     Wrapped  in  iny  blanlcety  fearless  >^ 
«Yeots9  casting  my  person  on  the  flopr  of  an  ele- 
gant parlour,  I  slept  sweetly  and  soundbr,  tdl 
two  in  the  afternoon,  and  then  was  roused  sole- 
ly by  a. cry,   that  the  enemjr  was  advancing. 
We  flew  to  arms,  and  rather  in  a  l|urried  map- 
ner,  run  towards  the  city,   which  was  nearly 
two  miles  from  us.  We  saw  no  enemy.  It  turnea 
out  that  a  Mr.  Ogden,  a  cadet  from  Jersey,  a 
large  and  handsome  young  man,  in  favor  with 
Arnold,  had  been  authorized  to  ]daoe  the  sentio- 
els  that  day.  He  did  pl^oe  them,  most  stupidlr* 
George  Merchant,  of  Morgan's,  aman  who  would 
at  any  time,   give  him  fairplay,  liave  sold  hjs 
life  dearly,   he  stationed  in  a  thicket,  withfin 
view  of  the  enemy ;  at  the  time  of  placing  biiii, 
when  at  his  post,  he  was  out  of  sjght  of  the  gar- 
rison ;   but  the  mischief  was,  (though  he  could 
not  be  seen,)  he  could  see  no  one  approach  f  tie 
was  taken  absolutely  unaware  of  danger.     A 
sergeant  of  the  «<  seventh,"  who,  from  the  man- 
ner of  the  thing,  must  have  been  clever,  accom- 
panied by  a  few  privates,  slily  eveeping  through 
ihe  streets  of  the  suburbs  of  St.  John,  and  thea 
under  the  oover  of  the  bushes,  sprung  upon  ttie 
devoted  Merchant,  even  before  he  had  time  to 
eoek  his  rifle.    Merchant  wabj  a  tall  and  hand- 
some  Virginian.      In  a  few  da^-s,  he,  hunting- 
shirt  and  all,  were  sent  to  England,  probably 
as  a  finished  specimen  of  the  riflemen  of  the  co^ 


4 


87 


^ 


lollies.     The  goveftinieiii  there  very  lihetsllyi 
isiejit him  hoini  Itt'th^ f»(16wlii^ year,  '*' 

The  eaptlKlre  bf '  MiTrehafit  ^rieveil  us,  and 
brought  us  witifiiia^fefr  hundred  yal^s  of  the  ef^ 
tj^^  ^^ribld  hid  the  hiildness»  you  nii|»ht  saytlii 
aifdi|e)ty»  or  siiiT  iniore'  conNBotly,  the  fbUy,  to 
fUiiw  lis  lij^itt  Vliili^  iii'lroiit  iaitd  opposite  to 
llie  wall  of  ^e  eity".  Ktieiiarapet  t^as  lined  by 
hundrbdls  of  gaping  citizeits  and  soldiers,  whom 
our  guns  eoutd  *  nM  hariii,  beeause  of  the  dis- 
taAce;  They  gaive  tti  ^  huz^a !  We  retufned  it, 
aadiri^flb^ined  r^ebliBSderable  tifai^  huzzaing,  and 
Sf^ndlttg  ojii^  pdWdet^  agai^^^^^  the  waUs,  lor  we 
hftrineil  tto  one.  Some  Of  oiir  men  to  the  rights 
under  the  eov^r  of  soiiiething  like  ancient  diteh- 
esafld  hIjUocks,  erept  forward  within  two  hun- 
dred ^i^S  of  the  worki^  hiit  th<eir  firing  wa# 
disregarded  by  Ihe  enemy  as  fflreieal.  Febiger, 
who  wab  a  retll  and  W^U  instructed  soldier,  sil<4, 
engineer,  did  advanee  singly  within  a  hui^li%fl 
n&ces^  andpei-ed  Witit  the  eye  of  an  fidepn-  i^ 
ing  aS"  this,  as  my  stadonln  the  line  h;l|lp«^ii 
to  be  oh  a  roouhd,  a  few  feet  higher  thiiii  tVe 
eommon  level  of  the  plain,  it  was  perccip^fble 
i hiren^^h  the  einbrasWI^ei  that  there  wiis  a  vi^st 
bnstte  t^ltMn.  Ill  seme  niiiiiites  a  tiklrly.sk 
pounAerWiis  let  loose  upon  u«;  bat  so  ill  wast  the 
gun  p<^ed,  that  the  ball  ieil  short,  or  pllssed 
high  over  our  heads;  Another,  and  another  sli^- 
ee^ed-^tO'  these  salutes,  we  gave  them  alt' w^ 
e60d,  ailotlrar  and  another  huzza.  It  must  be 
e^fessed^  that  this  ridiculous  affair,  gave  me  a 
ei^em|itiMe  opinion  of  Arnold.  Th|i  notion 
was  tif  110  means  singular.  Morgan,'  Feb^i* 
and  oilier  otteers,  who  had  seen  serriee,  dlif 
not  hesitate  to  speak  of  it  ia  that  point  of  vie^. 
ftowevei^^  Arnold  had  a  vain  desire  i&  gratify. 


i.>^' 


's 


u 


of  whMli  we  were  then  i9iierpal»  He  wat  well 
known  at  Quebec.  Foniieriv»:  1m  ted  traded 
from  thii  port  to  tke  West  ^Indiei^  most  par- 
tieularljr  in  the  artlele  ef  boreee.  tteneet  he 
wa§  deapned  by  the  prln<iipa|  pedple.  The  epi* 
thet  <^Hoi*Hdeekejr/'  was  fireely  and.  uaivem* 
irily  heitowed  upon  himf  by  the  Britisb.  HaV* 
ing  new  obtained  power^  he  be^me  anxiotft 
to  ittsplay  it  In  the  faees  of  thete^  who  had  for* 
merly  ^espilwd  an^  eopitemned  hiifti.  The  vener* 
able  Cairleton,  an  Ii^hnaa  ef  a  meet  amiable 
and  mild  ehanieter»  eolen^l  Maicleanf  a  Seetch* 
mauf  old  in  wai^aiH^  would  noty  in  any  afaape^ 
eommunieate  with  liim»  If  Montgomery  bad 
.originally  Jkeen  our  eemmander^^inatter?  might 
have  been  more  eivilly  conducted.  Thisi  parti- 
eu^iij^  jn  rdating  a  mefit  trivial  aud  disguft* 
lug  oceurrenoey  ames  from  a  desire^  to  set  be* 
fore  you»  a  eoutionary  rule^  which  it  will  be 
prudent  for  you  to  ob8er«:e  in  yenr  hietoHcid 
readiog.  <^  Do  not  believe  an  attthor»  unlett 
«f^e  story  he  relates  he  probable,  aeceii^[ianied 
^fhy  sttoli  fireumstanees  as  might  reaaonably 
^*  HtAend  thib^'transaetiony  unless  )ie  iineorrebo- 
<Vratod  by  others^  who  spealL  on'that  subject.** 
Miaoy  of  our  wiaepi  men*  i^thin  "tlio  eofonies* 
wr^te  and  spoke  ef  Uiis  bntvading^  as  a  mat- 
ter 1^  moment,  and  with  much  applause.  Even 
some  of  our  liiftorians>  (Gordon)  liave  given 
it  e#l^brity.  But^.  more  «iUy  and  boasts 
ful  British  liistoffan^  (Amweli)  says  tlter^  Wait 
a  dreadful  eamionade^  by  which  many  of  the 
rebels  were  deptr^iyed.  The  trai^h  is*  that  this 
day  not  a  drop  of  Uofid  was  siied^  but  that  ai 
Governor  Caldwell's  horned,  catt^»  hegs  and 
poultryr  whieh  run  f^eatifi^.  After  this  vje^ 
toiy  M  h|i9^aapag9  which  was  beys*  piay^  afHi 


86 


ie«^ 


I 


pArt«k«  of  ^6  godfd  tlilii|(»^  #^  tliif  *  WdriM. 

Tk<^  tM^  4kf,  (KiiV.  i5tli*)  i  sedtf^  of  a  4if- 
ftmiit  Mtti  0pifAt6f  Wkf^  ha  <i»fiit6  th^ttnifr 
<AuMniHer  df  Arnold.  In  the  irild^^D^M^  tH^ 
iMil  liid  bem^  stisM  €«  a  ^  ^  lloti^  Ity  IM 
day.  TM9  sdiiify  ii§I<l#ail«e  of  -flnttl^  hM  hti^ 
<NNiii*aed  ifiHse  ire  had!  eoittie  I0I6  Otis  vMttM^ 
oooatvy^  Morgan^  HeadriefciaBd  8itfHb|  watt- 
ed iQioa  dto*  Maidiaador  la  ehief,  to  reprea^al 
th^  gHoraaed  fOid  ofetaiti  redrmlt^  AlteMitioi 
attd  Watfm  laagiMig^  took  jdHeow  Hoikbi  wItS 
Ms  iHMittI  lo^^Mtyf  toid  ttf,  tliat  Motean  seem* 
^  at  oaethrto/  apon  tlie  jNAit  of  stnklBg  Ai^ 
tfoM.    Wo  ftfed  the  bettor  fo^  tbit  iatorvioV. 

Oa  tbe  IbMo wing  day,  (l9ot,  16tb,)  the  tiife^ 
compai^s  ^aiorod  faraior  from  tbo  eity^*: 
About  balf  a  flvlie  flNi^m  Cidd  well's  boaooi  ott!^ 
e<^ni|ian;f  pbtalaed  eSLcoBetit  qaartersi^  ia  ^ 
bouse  of  a  Fi^eracii  geatleiaaai  wbo  seieaiimi 
Wealil;f.  He  was  pleasiag  ia  bis  milDaersy  |gi 
I9ie  mdiaaess  our  uagoTernable  meir  esbibif^ 
ereated  i»  bin  aa  apparent  disgast  towarih  aib 
Hero  we  reK^iiod  near  a  week.  Baring  fbat 
fnae»  we  ImmI  eonetaal  and  severe  duty  to  per^ 
Ibrm.  l^liero  was  a  l^nrap  bailding  oa  tbe  io# 
groundisy  near  tbe  river  St.  Cbarles,  wbieb  wal 
oeei^ied  hy  a  most  re^>eetable  soeietj  of  hidiei 
asanttuaefj.  In  the  front  of  tbfs  bouse,  9^ 
llie  dhtanee  of  fifty  ytirds^  fbere  was  a  spaetoa# 
fog  bfiildiDg»  whiefi  seemed  to  be  a  sehoot-bouse^ 
Oeenpled  l^  the  priesthood  attendant  on  the  nun-^ 
aery.  This  house  we  took  possession  of/  as  a^ 
guard-bouse^  imder  an  idea,  as  H  stood  direetry 
between  tbe  town  and  the  nunnery,  which  contain* 
ed  soro^  pi^ei^iii  deposits^  that  tbey  bad  not  bad 

-     -»^ 


9d 


iUt^tio,  rem^Vfy  tbat  the  eu^mj  w<hiM  not  fira 
in  Ihii  Aifoelipn.    The  eoi||eetiire  wai  juvt. 

Not.  i6tkf^In  the  afternoon  n  distr^ssinf^  qo- 
o^irrenflie  took  plaee  lieref  npiwithitnnding.  our 
yfcii^jity  to  this  holy  p|ace»  Toirardi  the  eVeiir 
ing  t^  ffiiard  wu  relieved.  IJeut.  8impto» 
Oommiinaed  it.  Thit  Kuard  was  eoniposed  (if 
two-and^fwent^  line  feHows/i|)f  pur  eooiiKiny. 
"Vfli^n .  tW  relief-goard  eamei  ^  Fr^M^.mfui^  of 
H  most  villainouf  mifwarftiiee,  both  at  to  pei'son 
and  vi$ag^f  came  to  our  tieiitenant^  witb  P  writ- 
tten  ovdSp  from  eoUonel  Arnold,  pompimidlnf 
liim  to.  aeobmpanir  the  beai^erf  who  wpul4  he 
piir  guidjia^rf^ii  die  river  St.  ChaVlesy  to  ohtain 
flome  t^attle  feeding  heyond  itf  on  the  aeeon.nt  of 

foverim^nt.  The  order,  in  the  trst  instpupee, 
eeauae  of  itfi  preposterousneM,  wa»  douhted, 
l^ut,  upon  a  little  reflection,  obeyed.  Knpwing 
ii^  dang^ir,  our  worthy  lieutenant  also  knew, 
]p^p  be»i  and  only  means  of  eieeuting  the  enterr 
3MPize.  'JPhe  call  ^  coine  on  ladi^*'  ^as. iitteHd* 
e  rah  ;with  speed  n*om  the  gu^rd-hpuae  somp 
tndredii  5^  yards,  over  the  jplaip  tp  i^  mpath 
ft  the  8|t.  ChaHes,  wherp  the  f^ri^  is.  jlear 
Ihe  ferry  there  was  a  largo  windriniilf  ai|d,near 
^  stiood  a  pmall '  house  resembling  a :  €ppper*f 
•hop.   Two  Parts  of  a  If  rge  sixcf  were  passing 

the  ierry  heavily  ^A^^o  ^^^^  the  hoitshokl- stuff, 
and  women  and  children  of  tli^  townsmen  flyjtig 
from  the  sufaurli^s  of  St.  Boqne,  contiguous  to 
palace-gate,  tP  avoid  the  terrible  and  fatal  ef<' 
fects  of  war.  The  earts  were  already  in  a  large 
scow,  or  flat-'hottomed  boat,  and  the  ferrymen^ 
seeing  us  coming,  were  tugging  bai'd  at  thpj^i** 
ry-rope,  toget  off  the  boat,  which  was  agrciiiod, 
before  we  should  arrive.  It  was  no  sniw  mat- 
ter^ in  exertion^  to  ou^Oi  People  of  our  agility. 


'-..^ 


BimpsMif  Willi  hit  iis«»l  gmid  liiinMiir».  vrged 
the  nieey  fmm  a  h«H>b  that  tlie  |(ftrrUon  wpuM 
not  Are  upoli  utf  mrtieii  in  the  boat  with  their 
fljriiig  towntiiieo.  Hie  weight  of  our  boidlet 
aM  urnif  poi  the  iioiit  amuBd.  in  good  eariieBt. 
Simptoii.Toeiferouoljr  urging  the  men  to  ft^e  the 
|boat»  directing  them  to  plaee  their.gttnB  in  my 
armtf  ttanding  im  the  bow.  He  orih^red  me  to 
watch  tbe  tattles  of  the  eannon'i^  of  the  elty 
near  pafi^ie  gate.  Jumping,  ioto  the  water  mid« 
4i»e|ii  all  but.  tergeaat  Di^Lon  and  mjself>  they 
wera  pusl^ingf  puHiagf  and  with  hand^pilies  at? 
tempting  to  float  the:  scow.  One  of  the  eartt 
|itoo4  between  Dixon  and  myself— h0  wfU  tug. 
ging  at  the  ferry  rope.  Preiiently  «*  a  shot/* 
was  ealiedy  it  went  wide  of  the  boaty  its  marli. 
The  exertions  of  the  party  were  redoubled. 
Keeping  an  eye  upon  the  town*  tlie  son  about 
pettinsy  in  a  clear  b1^»  the  iiiew  was  heautifiil 
indeedf    but   somei^bat .  terriHe.     Battlement!^ 

Iilie  these  had  been,  upkliown  to  me.  Our  boat 
ay  1^9  .a  roek  in  the  water^  and  was  a  target 
at  point  lilaiik  sbotr  about  three-folirtli9  of  a 
mile  from  palace  gate»  which  issuer  into.  SA^ 
Roqne.  1  woujd  have  adored  all  the  saintftin 
the  ILalendar*  jf  honor  and  their  worsMps 
would  have  |ierini(ted  the  transpoi^ation  of  my 
persona  fibw  perches  from  the  spot  wher^itttten 
stood)  by  the  austere  ooniHiand  of  dnty.  It  Wlis 
plainly  observable  that  many  persmis  w^  En- 
gaged in  preparing  the  guns  for  another  dis^ 

^  •  This  was  a  ridiculous  practice,  universally  adopted 
in  the  camp  near  Boston,  and  was  now  pursued  at  this 
place.  It  is  merely  designative  of  the  raw  soldier* 
Suckiiidlcations  of  fear  should  now-a-days  be  severely 
reprinj^nded.    , 


■J  *  ,^^,.?f  %  _h^'»  ■"•*. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photogr^hic 

Scmces 

Corporation 


23  WliST  MAIN  STRKT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  •72-4503 


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# 


92 

ohsirge..  Oar  bi^Kve  umi  were  sAmtiiief  ernef 
neffif  t»  obtoin  tmma%^  **  A  t^t/*  Was  ail 
tfaftt odiild  be  Md(t  tr kwa  a  tMrly-six  ^Uttd  ball, 
touehinif  tfce  io#er>(%e  of  the  tuA  af  tbe  i^f i- 
wh^dti  diMmMnafmmti^  t4ak  i^  Itg  of  my 
patHotiSD  fviend  beto^  tbe  knecr  and  ^^riei 
away  the  bonet  ^  that  ^art  aotirely.  <«  Ob  ! 
8tm|^on/'  he  eried,  « I  wi  gotti^r^  Simpsof^ 
whose  leitft  wai  tenilei»  and  kkid^  l^^ped  idle 
the  boat :  eaflii^  to  the  ifieiH  the  ^rsoa  of 
Dixon  wa^borae  to  the  whidifdil.  Ifow  a  tptut 
of  triamfiii  was  heal^  from  th^  elly^  aoeor^a- 
filed  by  some  tolerably  w«ll  direeted  shots.  Th^ 
vafoftiinate  wa»  bome  ata  slow  aitft  ddearm  paee» 
to  the  gaard'hoiise,  the  eneiiijr,  eveinr  new  and 
thee,  aeadUig  tts^  his  majesfty V  eomplvmeiitsy  ia 
the  shafie  of  a  3%  or  SO  ^and  b^.  Wheo  the 
]H*oeessieB  eaiao  Ivtul  a  line  with  the  towa>  the 
guard-heuM  aiid  naitiiery^  the  firing  eeasefd* 
At  thetliae  vf  were  moiitbtti^ly  engaged  with 
Bixoay  at  ^t  wkidiii&ll/ the  vile  Wtttie^mli 
i^ftit  and  iiOTtor  tti^keff,  ^ed  fc^ili  u9  to  t^ 
eity.  £P  hW  dooertioa  h&d  heea  a^eed  in  tlmei 
hift  fate  had  heea^  sealed^  bat  the  yasc^  wp  nn* 
ebser? ed  ti^  he  had  rmi  stveral  hondred^  yai^» 
aleag  the  beaeh  of  the  bay  of  St.^  Cbarlesb  He 
turned  oat  to  be  a  s^*  purj^sely  sent  by  go^*^ 
eramenl  to  deeoy  aad  #aii^[i  11%  and  he  siieeeed* 
ed  bat  too  easily  wkh  the  flgifanf  Arnold; 
M&oa  W9§  mm  catvied  oa  a  Ikter  to  the  hoasi 
ef  aa  £a|^kk^genillemaat  about  ajnile  offi  AM 
amputation  took  plaee^a  tetanus  foUowedt 
Wbich^  about  9  o'olook  of  the  eauiing  day,  ead| 
ed  m  the  disaoltttioB  of  this  honorable  eitizeil 
and  soldier.  There  are  maay  reasons  for  de« 
tailing  tills  .iJTdr  so  minutely  to  you*  Among, 
these  are^  to  Impress  upon  your  miade  aii  hi^ 


one 


# 


93. 

6t*  the  manners  and  spirit  of  those  times  :  oav 
means  and  rude  methods  of  warfare :  but  more 
partieularl;)r  for  the  purpose  of  introduoing  to 
your  observation  an  anecdote  of  Dixon^  whieh 
is  ebaraeteristie  of  the  ideas  and  feelings  then 
enterttuned  bj  the  generality  of  his  eountiymen. 
Before  we  kfl  our  native  homes^  tea  had,  as  it 
vrere,  become  an  abominatiosi  en^n  to  the  ladies* 
The  taxation  of  it  'by  the  -pariiament  f^  Mtt^ 
gland,  with  design  to  draw  from  us  a  trifling 
revenuey  wfts^  made  the  pretenee  with  the  great 
body  of  the  people^  for  our  opposition  to  gov* 
emment.  The  true  ground,  however,  with  the 
politically  wise,  was,  that  that  law  annihilated 
our  rights  as  Englishmen*  It  is  an  axiom  of 
the  common  law  of  our  glorious  ancestors,  that 
taxation  and.  represl^tation  must  go  hatid  in 
hand.  This  rule  was.  now  violated*  Henee  it 
was,  that  no  one  male  or  female,  knowing  their 
rights,  if  possessed  of  the  least  spark  of  pi^- 
riotism,  would  deign  to  taste  of  that  delig^i^ul 
leverage.  The  l^y  of  the  hoitse,  tho«|pijiot 
one  who  a^roved  of  our  principles  of  aeiioa, 
was  very  litteative  to  oui*.  wounded  coinpanion : 
she  prc^^ntied  him  a  bowl  cif  tea ;  <^  No  widam," 
said  he,  <<  it  is  the  ruin  of  niy  eoHntr^/^ 

lettering  this  noble  senliinient,  (Novr  if  th,y 
this  invaluable  citizen  died^^siacerelyiameofted 
by  evei*y  one  who  had  the  o^pportunity  of  knOwi 
mg  his  virtues.  Dixon  waf  a  gentletnan  of  goal 
property  and  eduoationf  though  no  more  than 
the  fii^st  sergeant  of  our  company.  His  estate 
lay  in  W.  Hanover  township,  m  the  county  of 
lianoaster,  (now  in  Dauphin.)  Mewasanagri* 
oalttiralist,  whiehy  in  the  vagueness  and  uncer* 
UAniy  of  our  kmguage,  is  called  «<  a  farmer.'^ 
la  Ibct  lie  was  a  freeholder,  the  poaseaior  of  an 


% 


94 

excellent  tract  of  land,  aeeoinpanied  by  all 
those  agreeables  ivliieh  render  the  cultivator  of 
the  earthy  in  P^nnsylvaniay  the  most  independent^ 
andy  ivith  prud^dnt  eeonomyy  the  most  happy  of 
humaft  beings.  The  following  moniingy*  Simp- 
son was  the -first  to  give  me  an  aecouht  of  Bixon's 
deathy  which  affected  us  much,  his  corpse  re- 
ceived the  usual  military  honors.  Duty  com- 
pelled my  absence  elsewliiere.  The  blood  of 
pixon  was  the  first  oblation  m^de  upon  the  altar 
of  Liberty  at  Quebec,  and  Merchant  was  the 
first  prisoner.  The  latter  was  a  brave  and  de- 
termined soldier,  fitted  for  subordinate  station  ; 
the  former  was  intuitively  a  captain.  The  city 
and  vteinity  occupied  tht  attention  of  the  coiil- 
roander  n^rly  a  week. 

Nov.  18th.^-^ot  being  ftilly  in  the  secret,  it 
does  not  become  me  to  recount  the  causes  of  our 
retreat^  to  Point  Aux  TremWe-  We  did  howe- 
ver make  this  retrograde  ijnovementtf  rather  In  a 
slovenly  styles  aceompanied,  pr0b^ly>  by  the 
maledioUons  of  the  clergy  and  nobility,  but  at- 
tended by  the  regrets  of  a  host  of  well- wishers 
among  the  peasantry.  Point  Aux  Tremble  is 
at  the  distance  of  twenty,  or  tiiore,  miles  from 
i^uebee.  The  route  thither,  though  in  a  severe 
wioter,  was  interesting.  The  woodl^were  lei^f- 
less,  except  as  to  those  trees  of  t^  fir-kind; 
but  numerous  neat  and  Uandsomely  situated 
farm-houses,  and  many  beautiful  landscapes 
were  presented,  and  enlivened  our  mareli  altmg 
this  majestie  sti*eam.  At  Detroit,  which  is 
8it|^osed  to  be  little  short  of  nine  bundled  miles 
from  Quebec  : — even  there,  it  is  no  eontempti'' 
ble  river,  but  here  the  immense  volume  of  it» 
waters,  strikes  the  mind  of  the  stranger  wkli 
aitODhhment  und  rapture.    Our  Susquehaitoa/ 


*• 


95 

ivhichf  firom  its ,  grandeur^  attr^ets  the  Euro* 
peaneye,  stands  in  a  low  grade  ^vLen  compared 
Kvith  the.  St,  Lawrence.  Ascending  the  river  at 
a  distance  of  ten  or  fifteen  miles^  we  observed 
the  rapid  passage,  down  stream;  of  a  boat,  and 
soon  afterwards  of  a  ship,  one  or  other. of  which 
contained  the  person  of  Bir  Guy  Carleton,. 
That  it, was  the  gpyernor  of  the  province,  flying 
from  Montgomery,  who  had  by  this  time  pap- . 
tured  Montreal,  we  were  informed  by  a  special 
kind  of  messenger,  which  was  no  other  than 
the  report  of  the  cannon,  by  way  of  feu^de-joye, 
upon  his  arrival  at  the  capital.  Water,  in  re- 
gard to  the  communication  of  sound,  is  nearly 
as  good  a  conduetojras  metals  are,  for  the  trane  > 
mission  of  the  electric  fluid.  Though  near  to 
the  place  of  our  df^stination,  we  eould  mark 
with  precision  the  re^jrt  of  every  gun.  Point 
Aux  Tremble,  at  this^time,  had  assumed  f he 
appear$^>k06  of  a  straggling  village. '  There  was 
a  spacious  chapie}!,  where  the  ceremonies  of  the 
Roman-Catholic  religion  were  performed,  with 
a  pomp  not  seen  in  our  chiirehes,  but  by  a  fer^ 
vency  and  zeal  apparently  very  pious,  which  be- 
came a  severe  and  additional  stroke  at  early 
prejudices.  Quarters  were  obtained  in  the  vil- 
lage and  farm  houses^  dispersed  over  a  spac^  c^ 
some  miles,  np  and  down  the  river.  We  enjoy- 
ed as  much  comfort  as  tight  houses,  warm  fires, 
and  our  scantiness  of  clothing  would  admit. 
Provisions  were  in  plenty,  and  particularly  beef, 
which,  though  small  in  bulk,  was  of  an  excel- 
lent flavour.  Being  in  a  few  days,  as  it  were^ 
domesticated  in  a  respectable  farmer's  house, 
we  now  had  leisure  to  observe  the  economy  of 
the, family.  Every  crevice  through  which  cold 
air  eottld  penetrate^  was  carefully  pasted  with 


/■ 


/ 


96 

strifiB  of  fKptv  of  every  oolonr.  To  permit  the 
iTfldd  ^  tp  intFude  is  not  the  only  evil  whieh  re«> 
sttlts  ^  but  the  snfu&llefit  iiiteretiee  with  the  aiPf 
alto  admits  an.  almost  impalpaUe  sdow»  whiek 
is  very  inconv^nieatf  partieularly  at  nighty  intheD 
the  ^inds  bltkw  moat  sharply.  A  stave  of  iron 
stood  a  small  spaee  from  the  wall  of  the  kitekea 
^iii^aey^  hut  in  suoh  a  way  thi^t  it  might  be  eo^ 
eqiiiqiassed  by  the  fitmily  or  the  guests.  This 
stove  was  kej^  eoatinually  hot,  both  by  day  and 
Igr  night.  Over  the  stove  th^ir  is  a  raek  so  eon^ 
strutted  a3  to  serve  ff»p  the  drykig  of  wet  clothes^ 
mockasins^  ^.  &e.  When  these  people  slangh-r 
tep  their  beasta  for  winter  use^  they  out  up  the 
mmi.  into  am^ll  pieees^  such  as  a  half  poiindy 
two  pouni;^  &c.  according  to  the  number  of  the 
family,  in  the  evening  hefiire  bedtime^  ^e  fe-f 
malef  of  the  house,  prepane  the  dinner  of  the 
fallowing  day*  It  may  be  particultirly  described^ 
at  Ul  was  done  in  our  view  for  a  number  of  dnys 
toge^r»  and  during  the  time  m%&  never  varied. 
This  V^aft  the  manner :  A  pieee  of  pork  or  heef» 
or  a  portipn  of  eaeh  kind#  together  with  a  suffin 
oieney  ofe^hagey  potatoes  and  turnips^  tcasAUf^ 
i|d  with  saltp  and  an  adequate  quantity  of  w«ter# 
were  put  into  a  neat  tin  kettle  with  a  elose  lidv 
The  keltley  thus  repJenished,  was  placed  on  tha 
stove  in  the  ireom  where  we  all  slept|  and  tliere 
U  »imm.€j9e4  iUl  the  tiujie  of  rtsing,  when  it  was 
taken  to  a  sma)!  ii^e  in  the  kitehent  where  a 
stewing  0Q0tlnee4  tiU  near  noon,  when  they  dl- 
ned.  The  eontentg  were  teemed  into  a  large 
tiatow.  Each  person  had  a  plate — no  knife  was 
usedf  except  one  to  cut  the  bread,  but  a  five  er 
six  pronged  fork  answered  the  purposes  of  a 
spoon^  The  c^eat  required  no  cutting,  as  it  was 
reduced  to  |i  musilage,  or  ^t  least  to  shreda. 


I 


97 


ttkc 

!  aip» 
rhiek 
iirhen 
iron 
bdiea 
«  en*- 
This 
^  and 

noiindf 
if  the 
he  f  e-> 
[|f  the 
^ifaed» 
f  dnjs 

rliee& 
isufUn 

wfiiter* 
sye  lid/ 
onthA 

it  vftfft 
l^re  n 
key  dl- 

large 
fe  ^vas 
five  €P 
I  of  a 
U  /was 
ihtcda« 


'vThls^  you  may  8ay»  is  trifling  information^  and 
unworthy  of  your  notice ;  according  to  my  mind^ 
it  is  important  in  all  of  us^  to  know  the  hahits, 
manners^  and  means  of  existence  of  that  class 
of  soeiety,  which,  in  all  nations,  composes  the 
bulk  and  strength  of  the  body  politic.  Our 
dinner  followed  in  a  few  hours.  The  manner  of 
our  cookery  excited  astonishment  in  our  hosts. 

•  As  much  beef  was  consumed  at  a  single  meal,  as 
^  would  have  served  this  family  for  a  week.    Re- 
member, however,  that  the  mess  consisted  of 

,  persons  who  were  entitled  to  double  and  treble 
rations.  Two  rosy-cheeked  daughters  of  the 
house,  soon  contrived  the  means  and  obtained 
th^  surplus.  This  circumstancef  most  probably, 
made  us  agreeable  to  the  family,  for  we  had 
nothing  else  to  bestow.    The  snow  had  now  fal- 

*  len  in  abundance,  and  enlivened  the  country. 
Sleighsand  sleds  were  passing  ineve]*y  direction. 
The  farmers  began  to  supjrfy  themselves  with  a 
full  stock  of  wiuter^s  fuel  from  the  forest.  No 
fowls  were  visible  about  tb^  house— a  few  were 
kept  aHve  for  breeding  in  the  ensuing  summer,  in 

ra  close  and  warm  coop  in  the  upper-story  4)f  the 
.barn.  The  rest  of  the  fowls,  intended  for  the 
market  or  winter's  use,  had  been  slaughtered, 
early  in  autumn,  at  setting  in  of  the  frost,  and 
were  hung  up  in  the  feathers  in  the  garret. 
Thence  they  were  taken  as  wanted.  Towards 
•march  they  become  unsavoury,  but  in  no  way 
tainted.  We  became  acquainted  with  this  kind 
of  economy^  but  upon  a  much  larger  scale  af- 
terwards, when  in  a  state  of  affliction  and  sor-» 
row.  The  roads  in  this  part  of  Canada  are  kept 
In  excellent  order.  The  corvee  of  European 
France  is  maintained  by  the  government  in  fidl 
effect,  as  to  its  principles,  but  far  less  rigid  in 


m 


itfi  pra^ioe*  The  l^oads  in  low  grouni]«,  vretHb 
ditchetl^n  the  sides  «nd  curved  towards  the  cen- 
^i^.  £v^ry  forty  or  fifty  yards  on  each  side  of  the 
rotidf  throughout  the  t^xtent  of  it,  younj^  pines 
Were  stuck  in  the  .grotindy  to  mark  the  eenttal 
andsai^stpassage^  ItisalaWf  that  the  laadb^oid- 

CVf  whenever  a  snow  fatls,  whether  hy  day  or 
ight*  whea  it  eeasesy  shall  with  his  horses  and 
eafioley  retrace  the  ready  formed  on  the  preced- 
ing snowy  throughout  the  «%tent  of  his  gi^ounds. 
This  is  a  laborious  duty^  liut  k  was  discernible^ 
Ihat  it  was  ^performed  with  pNunetualttyy  if  not 
pleasure*  In  December^  January,  and  February^ 
when  the  snow  lays  from  three  to  fVve  teet  deep 
over  the  surface,  there  is  no  travelling  in  this 
country,  but  by  ways  thus  formed,  or  upon  snow 
shoes.  5  > 

On  the  iirst  of  December,  general  Mdntgo- 
mec"^,  who  was  anxiously  expected,  arrived*  Ar- 
nold's corps,  was.pat'aded  in  the  front  of  the  cha- 
pel. It  was  lowring  attd  cold,  but  the  appiear- 
anee  of  the  genet*al  here,  gave  lis  warmth  and 
animatiott^  Me  was  well  limbed,  tall«od  hand- 
some, though  hi»  face  was  much  pQi»k*^marhed. 
HisHirand  manner^  designaited  the  reaLiMldier« 
He  made  us  a  sholrt,  but  energetic  amlSlegant 
apeech,  the  blirthen  of  which,  was  an  applause 
of  our  spirit  iin  pussing  the  wilderness;  a  hope, 
Dur  pe^everanee  in  that  spirit  weuld  continue ; 
and  a  profiihe  of  warm  clothing;  the  latter 
vtm  a  most  cohifortable  assurance.  A.  lelv  huz- 
s^as  from  our  freezing  bodies,  were  returned 
lo  this  address  of  the  gallant  hero.  Now  new 
lif<^  was  ikifu sell  into  the  whole  of  the  eorps#  t 
The  next  diay  (December  2d^)  we  retraced  tte 
route  from  Quebec.  A  snow  had  fallen  tering 
the  n%ht,  and  ccmtinued  falling.  To  mareh  odt 
Uliis  snow,  was  a  most  fatiguing  business.    By 


99 


»■* 


ihh  iime»  we  liad  gener^ly  fttrDisliQd  ourselves 
with  sealskin  moekasinsf  whleh  are  large,  i^ail 
aocordiiig  to  the  usage  of  ike  country,  stuffed 
with  haj  or  leaves,  to  keep  the  feet  dry  and 
warfiii.  Every  step  taken  in  the  dry  snow,  the 
ittockasih  having  no  raised  heel  to  support  the 
positioB  of  the  foot,  it  slipped  back^  and  thiy|| 
produced  great  weariness.  On  this  march  th7 
use  of  the  snow-shoe  was  very  obvious^  but  we 
were  destitute  of  that  artiele.  The  evening 
bvought  up  the  riflemen  at  an  extensive  house, 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Foix,  about  three  miles 
from  Quebec.  Jt  was  inhabited  by  tenants.  >Ve 
took  posses^^a  of  a  (ront  parlour  on  the  left, 
Morgan^  one iipon: the  right,  Hendricks,  aback 
apartmeMf  aafttii^e  spldlery  in  the  upper  parts 
of  the  house^  ami  JK>me  warm  out-buildings. 

The  next  ^}/^y  (Qeeember  Sd,)  Morgan  aot 
finding  himself  comfortable,  moved  a  sh^rt  space 
nearer  to  the  city.  Here^  in  low  and  pretty  eoun* 
try  hou^ts>  he  ami  his  men,  were  neatly  accom- 
modated^.  It,  seemed  to  me,  that  the  Canadians, 
in  the  ^i^ifiage  df  Quebecr  lived  as  eomibrtably, 
i«i  ^enH^pA^  H9  th0  generality  of  th^^  Pennsylva* 
liians  ^M^»  at  that  time,  in  the  county  of  Laa^ 
oaster*  It  may  readily  occurs  to  yoii,  that  soitte 
restrictiott  ought  to  cramp  this  latitude  of  ex^ 
pression  f  ta^e  it>  however,  as  a  description 
of  our  sensations^  entertained  in  our  minds  by 
tjie  convei^enees  we  BOW  enjoyed,  ^  opfKif Itioa 
t^-ouf  late,  privations.  We  had  just  arnl^d  from 
a.  ireary  and  inhospitable  wild,  half- starved  and 
lUnly  elolhed,  iii  a  land  of  plenty^  where  wo 
Isad  full  rations  and  warm  quarters^  coasp4uettt<^: 
lyv  our  present  feelings  contrasted  witb  fii^hielr ; 
iNHperiags,  might  have  appreciated  in  tiDl#)llj|ll^ 
i^^gree^  the  happuiesa  of  ilt^  Cana«|iai^^inkair 


100 


is  now  8ai<lf  ought  not  to  be  taken  in  anywise^ 
as  an  allusion  to  the  political  rights,  but  be  con- 
fined solely  to  the  apparent  prosperity  and  eco* 
Domy  of  families^ 

Becember  12th.  Wo  remained  about  ten  days 
at  these  quarters.  The  tours  ot'duty,  to  Arnold's 
^rty,  were  peculiarly  severe.  The  officers 
and  men,  still  wore  nothing  else,  than  tSie  re- 
mains of  the  summer  clothing,  which  being  oi» 
their  back,  had  escaped  destruction  in  the  dis- 
asters of  the  wilderness.  The  snow  lay  three 
feet  deep  over  the  face  of  the  whole  country, 
and  there  was  an  addition  to  it  almost  daily. 
Many  impediments  occurred,  to  delay  the  trans- 
IM>rtatlon  of  the  clothing,  which  general  Mont- 
gomery had  procured  for  us  at  Montreal.  Our 
miserable  state,  contrary  to  our  principles,  ex- 
cited an  illicit  desire,  to  be  apparrelled  more 
comfortably.  This  desire  would  probably  have 
lain  dormant,  but  for  a  scoundrel  Canadian, ' 
who  in  all  likelihood,  was  an  enemy  of  lieuten- 
ant Governor  Croroie's.  One  morning  hating 
returned  from  a  cold  night's  duty,  near  palace- 
gate,  the  fellow  addressed  Simpson,  who  was 
the  only  officer  in  quarters,  and  commniiieated 
the  information:  << That  about  two  miles  up 
«  the  St.  Lawrence,  lay  a  country  seat  of  Go- 
<#  vernor  Crom.ie's,  stocked  with  many  things 
<^  we  wanted,  and  he  would  be  our  guide.''  Ca^ 
riole's  were  immediately  procured*  The  house, 
a  neat  box,  was  romantically  situated  on  the 
steep  bank  of  the  river,  not  Very  distant  froni  a 
chapel.  Tiiough  in  the  midst  of  winter,  the^ 
spot  displayed  the  elegant  taste  and  abundant 
wealth  of  the  owner.  It  must  be  a  most  delight^ 
fui  summer  residence,  in  the  montlis  of  July 
and  August,  whim  the  heat  of  this  northern  eli- 


.101 


mate*   seema  gpreater  to  sentationf  than  ttiat  of 
our  oountry»  in  the  same  season.    The  houses 
inras  elosed;  knocking,  the  hall-door  ^m  opened 
to  us  by  an  Irishworiianf   who,  of  the  fair  seXf 
v:«s  the  largest  and  most  brawny,   that  ever 
came  under  my  notiee.    She  was  tiie  stewardesr 
of  the  house.      Our  questions  were  answered 
with  an  apparent  affkhility  and  fhlnknoss.     She 
introduced  us  into  the  kitehen,,  a  lar^  apart-< 
ment,  well  filled  with  those  articles,  which  good- 
livers  think  necessary,  to  the  happy  enjoyment 
of  life.    Here  we  observed,  five  or  six  Canadfa» 
servants,   huddled  into  a  corner  of  the  kitchen^ 
trembling  with  fear..     Our  prying  eyes,    soov 
discovered  a  trap-door  leading  into  the  cellar^ 
In  the  country  houses  of  Canada,  because  of 
the  frigidity  of  the  climate,  the  cellars  are  usu- 
ally under  a  warm  room,  and  are  principally 
intended,   for  the  preservation  of  vegetables* 
The^  cavity  in  this  instance,  aboundea  with  a 
great  variety  of  eatables,   of  which,  we  were 
not  in  the  immediate  want..    The  men  entered 
it— Firkin,  after  firkin  of  butterf  lard,  tallowy 
beef,  poirk,  fresh  and  salt-— all  became  a  prey^i^ 
K^hile   the  men  were  rummaging  belowr  the 
lieutenant  descended  to  cause  more  despateh; 
My  duty  was  to  remain  at  the  end  of  the  trap*  - 
door,  with  my  back  to  the  wall,  and  rifie  cock-  • 
ed  as  a  sentry,  keeping  a  strict  eye  on  the  «er» 
vants*    My  good  Irishwoman  frequently  beek4 
oned  to  me  ^  descends  her  drift  was  to  oMcE 
us  all  in  the  trap.^     Luckily  she  warcompre** 
bended..  The  cellar  and  kitchen  being  thorough* 
ly  gutted,  and  the  spoil  borne  to  the  carriages^ 
the  party  dispersed  into  the  other  apartmentSr 
JBere  was  elegiincy.    The  walls  and  partitions,; 
lier^  beautifully  papered  and  decorated^  ifink 


102 


^•' 


I 


»■ 

^ 


large  cngraTingSy  Tne|M»  he,  &o*  of  the  most  eele-^ 
brated  art^tH.  A  noble  view  of  the  oity  of  Phila- 
delpkiay  upon  a  ]arg;e  Beale^  taken  from  the  neigh* 
bonrhood  of  Cooper's  ferry,  drew  my  attention^ 
and  rfdted  some  compunctive  ideas;  but  war  and 
Hie  sciences  always  stand  at  arms  length  in  the 
dfHitests  of  mankind.    Tke  latter  must  sueeuinb 
in  the  tumult.     Our  attention  was  much  more 
attracted  by  the  castly  feather  beds,  counter* 
Mnesy  and  charming  rose-blankets,  which  the 
bouse  afiorded.     Of  these  there  was  good  store^ 
and  we  left  not  a  jot  behind  us.    The  nooks  and 
crevices  in  the  cariolesy  were  Ulled  with  smaller 
articles;   several  dozens  of  admirably  finished 
ease-knives   and   fork»-^ven  a  sett  of  desert 
knives  obtained  the  notice  of  our  oafiidjty.    Ar* 
tides  of  lesser  monrent^  not  a  thousandth  part 
1^  useful,  did  not  escape  the  all-grasping  handa 
of  the  soldiery*     |n  a  back  apartment,  there 
stood  a  mahogany  couch,  or  settee  iii  a  h%hly 
finished  style.    The  woodwork  Of  the  eoirbli  waa 
teised  *on  all  sides  by  cushioning,   and  lastly^ 
C!ovelwd  by  t  rieh  figured  silk,    liils  to  us,  was 
lumber,   besides  our  carioles  were  full.    How** 
ever,    we  |^rahbed  the  matrass  and  pallets,  all 
e%iMlly  elegant  as  the  c^uch:    Having,  as  we 
tl|oight,  divested  his  E^xcellency  of  all  the  arti« 
dies'of  inime  neeeatity,  we  de|Nirt€!d,  ostensibiy 
and  even  audibly  acoompaaied  by  the  |»loiis  bk8s«» 
ings  of  the  stewardess  for  our  moderalion.    |€a 
doubt  she  had  her  mental  reservations  ;  on  Ineh 
busineBS  as  this,  we  regarded  neither.  Near  tbe 
dbapel,  we  met  a  party  of  Morgan'is  men  corn* 
Ing  to  do  that^  which  we  had  already  done.  The 
officer  appeared  chagrined  when  be  saw  the  eX"^ 
tent  of  our  plunder.    He  went  on,  and  finally 
iransaek^d  tha  house^  and  yet  a  little  moir^  the 


103 


we 


;•»■"■ 


ttablef  •  The  joy  of  our  meiiy  amonj;  wliom,  Ao 
plunder  was  distributed  in  nearly  equal  iiortiont* 
was  extravagant.  Now  an  ope'ration  of  tbe  hu^ 
man  mind*  whieb  often  ta^es  place  in  society, 
and  is  every  day  discernible  by  persiins  of  obser*^ 
vation*  became  clearly  obvious.  **  Let  a  man 
M  onee  with  impunity^  desert  the  strict  rule  of 
«'  right,  all  subsequent  aggression*  is  not  only 
<*  Increases  in  atroeity*  but  is  done  without 
<<  qualm,  of  conscience.'^  Though  our  eompany 
was  composed  principally  of  freeholderst  or  the 
sons  of  suchy  bred  at  home  under  the  strictures 
of  religion  and  morality*  yet  when  the  reins  of 
decorum  were  loosed »  8i»d  the  honorable  feeling 
weakened*  it  beeame  impossible  to  administer 
restraint.  The  person  of  a  tory*  or  his  properw 
ty*  beeame  fair  game^  and  this  at  the  denunci- 
ation of  some  base  domestic  villaio. 

On  tbe  morning  follow i^j^,  (Dec.  ISth^)  tlie 
tame  aydacious  scoundrel' again  returned..  By 
leading  to  the  first  affair,  and  hW  intereoursea 
with  the  privates^  heliad  so  wormed  Msiiself  ini- 
to  Iheir  good  graces*  that  nothing^  w^ld  do  but 
a  sy stenr-ef  mamuding  upon  our  supposed  ene«* 
mies^  the  tories.  In  this  new  exiiedltion*  wkieli 
was  further  than  the  Ibnuier*  the  officers  tkeught 
it  prudent  to  aceonfifmny  Hie  men*  in  truth*  ta 
keep  order  and  repress  their  ardency.  We  ar^ 
rived  ^t  afarm  said  to  bekili^  to  Oov.  Cromie  or^ 
some  other  inhabatant^.Qtii^ee*  The  fmtm^ 
house,  though  low*  iieiiig  but  one  story,  was 
eapaeiotis*  Hod  tolerably  neat.  The  biu*n  built 
of  logs*  with  a  threshing'^loor  iu  the  centre^ 
was  n<bih  seventy  te  eighty  feet  in  leng^.  The 
tenant*  his  wife^  and  ehiidren*  shuddered  upon 
fl^r  approach.  Aisurances  that  theyjihoufd  be 
uoliarme^t  ^reMefed  4lieir-  £barsft>-  Th^  tei»nl 


^••.-UViPf-A'  ■ 


^mm^' 


' rw- 


'     104 

pcrinted  bat  to  us  the  horned-cattle^  pigSf  ^tni 
poultry  of  hU  landlord.  These  we  shot  down 
without  merey*  or  drove  before  us  to  our  quar<' 
tt>rs.  Thus  we  obtained  a  tolerable  load  for 
Oitr  earavaUf  which  consisted  of  five  or  six  ca- 
rioles*     '** 

With  this  disreputable  exploit,  marauding 
ceased.  A  returning  sense  of  decency  and  or^ 
der^  emanating  from  ourselves,  produced  a  se- 
cies of  oontrition.  It  is  a  solemn  trutht  thai 
we  plundered  none,  but  those  who  were  noto- 
riously tories,  and  then  witliin  the  walls  of  Que- 
bec. The  clergy^  the  nobles,  and  the  peasan- 
try;  were  respected  anjEl  protected,  especially 
the  latter,  with  whom,  to  use  a  trite  expr^'ssion, 
we  t  raternized.  The  minuteness  of  this  descrip- 
tion of  occurrences,  of  a  trivial,  yet  disigraee- 
ful  nature,  is  made  the  more  stron^y  to  impress 
your  minds,  with  thii  horrors  attendant  on  civil 
wars.  This  species  of  war,  more  than  any  other, 
not  otthr  affbets  the  great  and  the  wealthy,  but 
it  intrudes  itself  into,  and  devastates  the  cottage» 
Tlais  the  Ameri^^n  people  knowv  from  the  ma- 
ul!: tnelanchofy  scenes,,  which  succeeded  the  pe-. 
ilbd  spoken  ofl 

Gracious  and  Alniighty  Gbdf  the  shield  and 
protector  of  the  good,  a»  well  as  thou  art  ^thcr 
scourge  of  the  Mse  and  wicked  nation^  avert 
from  my  countty^  thift  the  most  terrible  of  thy 
modes  of  tenipoiid  vengeance.^ 

Becember  15th.  In  a  short  tiine^  the  rifle 
comi^nics  moved  and  occupied  good  quarters 
on  the  low  grounds,  near  St..  Charles*  river^  and 
about  two  miles  from  Quebec.  Onr^  clothing 
was  still  of  the  flimsy  Und,.  before  notedr  but 
our  hearts  were  light,  even  to  merriment.  lur 
divldu^lyi  firem  ou^ontniiindsf  wo  tundiM  wb* 


105 


solves  with  arm-gloyes^  and  renewed' our  r.oe* 
karliiis*  This  was  about  the  middle  of  Decem- 
ber* During  all  this  time^  our  dailj  duty  was 
laborious  in  various  ways^  ahd  every  other  night, 
we  mounted  guard  at  Bt  Roque.  A  guard- 
house,  ere  this  had  been  established  at  thi» 
place,  in  a  very  large  stone-house,  whieh,  though 
strong,  being  exposed  to  the  enemy's  Are,  was 
soon  battered  about  our  ears,  the  distance  scarce-w^ 
ly  more  than  three  hundred  yard^.  That  po« 
sition  was  changed  for  one  more  secure;  A 
house,  which  had  been  a  tavern,  was  adopted 
in  its  stead.  This  hoose  was  pecuilarly  situ- 
ated. It  was  comparatively  small  with  the  form- 
er in  its  dimensions,  but  the  walls  were  strong, 
and  the  cielings  bomb-proof.  It  stood  under  thQ 
bill,  so  as  to  be  out  of  the  range  of  the  shot,- 
from  the  ramparts  contiguous  to  Palace-gater' 
which  were  elevated  far  above  us.  Simpsoii 
would  say.  Jack,  let  us  have  a  shot  at  those  fel- 
lows. Even  at  noon-day,  we  woukt  creep  along 
close  to  the  houses,  which  ranged  under  the  hill*, 
but  close  in  with  it,  till  we  came  within  fbrty 
yards  of  Palace-gate.  Here  was  a  smith-shop,; 
formed  of  logs,  through  the  creyiees,  of  whiebi^ 
we  would  fire,  ^1  an  angle  of  70,  at  the  septriea 
above  us.  Many  of  them  were  killed,  and  it  was 
said,  several  officers.  This  was  dishonorable 
war,  though  authorized  by  the  j^actices  o^ 
those  times.  The  distance  from  this  guard- 
house, to  Palace-gate,  may  be  three  hundred 
and  fifty  yards.  The  hill,  at  the  back  of  the 
liouse,  seemed  to  make  an  angle  of  60  or  70 
degrees.  This  adivity  continued  from  the  walls 
of  the  city,  and  around  it  by  the  Lower  towni' 
(where  it  if  greatest,)  for  many  miles  up  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  St.  Cliaries,  and  forms  the 


106      . 

ba8i»  of  Abrftlmm's  Fiateft^  Itr  was  sAcmt  tliftt 
timellK  York  atj^lktists^  undi^r  caf  tain  LailiV; 
bad,  eoastrneled  a  baltery  on  the  Pfalns^  *at  tlie 
dMtanf  e  of  6CK»  or  700  yards  fifom  tho  forlpess^ 
Tlie  eartli  was  too  dKBcdlt  fsir  the  iotpeaeliiiig 
tools  to  ||lejpoe»  tiie  oiilj  method;  left,  was  to 
i^e  a  battery  oomjposed  of  iee  and^saow.  The 
snow  was  made  into  ice  by  thi»  addiljoB  of  w^ten 
The  work  was  done  in  t£^  mghA  l^me.  Fivo'  or 
siist  nhte'^fkoundersy  aaidi  ri  hoMP]t9»r;were^eed 
in  itf  It  was  siMffcely  eompletodp  asdotir^tina 
bad  o^iied  on  0i«  ottyr  bt^iWo^  iiwa^plerofid 
thrdagli  and  tbroiigh,  %  tb^  wneigbtlej^  n^eital 
of  Ibo  encmy.^  Sevtsral  lives  weto  loftt  on  the 
flrsi  and^  second  dayw  Yet  tho  experiineiit  Ww. 
psirsisted  in»  tiB  a  singlo  baU»^  piereing  the  batltif 
iij^liiUed  and  wona&d  three  persons  In  lluei 
^uaii^rslftstmentioned^  wo  enjoyed  some;  please 
ati#  M^«u  The  winter  In  €i»iifidar  as^^  wit^  lis^ 
ia^  l&e  season  of  gi^  humour  and  JQ^% 

'  Beeember  iSth»  19th^  Upon  a  seeessit^infroitt 
t^e  ont-post,  OF  other  military  omptoyi|ient9» 
l|je  were  agrcebly  received  in  the  farm'iionses' 
MTpwid.  Oar  engagements  no^r  P^lae^-gatOr 
aliQ  eotttiiitted  to  be  of  the  arduous  kiqd;  our' 
#aifiberif  being  few,  -^every  second  watch  was' 
p4i^l<M*i^ed  by  the  same  persoiiSf  who  had  miide 
the  ^11^  the  last  %t  one.  Qetween  tti^  gUiirtK 
bousi^,  aind  the  (TX^^^^^  thesiibarbs  of 

^t^  Roqacf  whieb  may  be  half  a  i)iite;from  the 
rilmparts,  there  was  a  Hfingp^  ground  fli  the 
jMtn  street  Ibirlj  in Wi^w  of  the  eneniyy  and 
Whilst  we  r^iered  in  dayliejbt^  was  rak6d»  evei| 
1^  grape-shot.  Some  gooan^n  were  lost  here;' 
This  eii^cumf>tanee»  changed  the  time  pf  relief 
to  nine  e*tlock  in  the  ev^enliig.    The  rlie-nia$ 


■€ 


■■•'■ 


107 


wereipi4n«ipftl]y  employed/as  guopcls,  at  iihk)Aikii- 
.^n]lu8  statkyn.  It  is  but  fair  ftnd  honesty  ib 
relaie  to  yoiiy  an  anecdote  eonoerning  m;^8el^ 
idiicli  will  enfivey  to  your  wads,  some  lia- 
lipn  of  tliat  :affeetto|i^  of  the  head  or  hearty 
whiehi,^  niilitary  i^lLa  paaie^terror.  (Beiag 
one  of '>lbe  guard  and  ^tkig  been.veMeved  as  a 
•entrjy  ahotti  twelve  or  <Rie  o^cloek  at  iiight» 
upon  returiring  to  ike  g^ai^li-house,  la^a  do^g 
state;  I  eaiit  my^H' on  a  heneh^  nesit  tiie  baek 
wall— -young,  my  sleeps  were  deep  and  heavy •; 
my  youUi  ohtsiined  this  graoe  from  Simpson^ 
the  officer  who  commanded ;  about  three  o'cdoek, 
I  was  roused  by  a  horrible  noise.  The  eiieiiiy» 
in  casting  their  shells,  usuidly  b^an  in  the 
evening,  and  threw  but  a  few^  towards  morifhig^ 
f#bey  became  more  alert*  ^ur  station  being  out 
of  sight,  it  wa«  so  managed,  as  »to  throw  tlib 
*sbelU  on  the  side  of  the  bin,  directly  hmslkjof 
us,  so  as  they  w<mld  trumUe  down  against  tlie 
wall '  of  the  guard-  house.  I^his  had  frequently 
0ccur^d  bc^Dre^  but  was  not  minddd.<  A  thiri- 
teen-  tneh  shell,  thus  ^thrown,  cani^  Imme^atd* 
ly  opposite  the  place,  where  my  bead  Is^y  to 
be  sure,  the  three  feet  wall  was  ibetween  us* 
^  ^he  bursting  repoH  was  ti*eni0ndous>  Jbu  t  ii^wiws 
li^arcl  in  a  profound  deep.  S|^li»|^  iii^liMrill^^^^^ 
though  unconscious  of  the  eause,^rand;'itliini^ 
pi*obably  Afty  yards,  through  untrod^ini^^  three 
feet 'deep,  to  a  cofil-^^lmi:se,  a<|»ta^e^qliite  :ui^^ 
known  to  me  before :  It  was  iteh^oir  fifteei;i  tniaii- 
tcB  before  the  extreme  cold,  restored  that  kind 
of  sensibility,  whi^Ji  enabled  me  to  know  my  real 
situatioh.  Knowiiig  <nolhing  of  the  cause,  the 
probable  effect  nor*  aiiy  thing  of  the  consequencesy 
^hich  migltt  follow  from  this  involuntarjf  exep- 
^idon^  it  seemed  to  me  to  be  a  species  of  the  {Kanie^ 


■iiiiit- 


108 


whieh  bas  .been  known  to  a^eet  whoie  armies. 
.Tlie  oireumslance  here  related,  caused  a  laugh 
against  me;  but  it  was  soon  discoyeredy  that 
t&se  of  the  8oidierj[^  though  wide  awak^  were 
as  mueh  {lanie  stneken  as  n^ys^Hf^  ^  The  laugh 
rebounded  v  upon  them.  During  ^bis  ^|f  riod,  we 
Jiad  many  bitter  nights.  To  giyei  you  some  idea 
of  a  Canada  winter,  allo^w  me  to  relate  an  oe- 
eurrenee,  whieh  is  literaHy  genuine*      >  v 

December  24th.  One  ni^f  at  the  time  of  re- 
lief,  a  confidential  person  eanie  .{rom  colonel 
ArnoU^  accompanied  by  an  Irish,genileinan,  nam- 
ed Crai^,  directing  the  relieyed  guard  to  escort 
him  to  his  own  house>  which  stood  imtween  twenty 
Ami  thirty  paces  from  Falace-mte.  Crajg  was  a 
merchant  of  considerable  wealt)^  and  what  was 
more,  an  excellent  whig.  Qe  waii  expelled  from 
his  habitation .  because  ofhis  whigisiiiy .  and  took 
refuge  in  Arnold's  quarters^  Atontgomeryv  by 
this  time  9  had  furnished  us  with  personal  cloth- 
ing suitable  to  the  climate,  but  there  were  .a 
thousand  .other  things  wanting  for  comfortable 
accommodation.  Many .  of  these  Mr«  Craig,  pos- 
sessed, and  Arnold's  luxurious  eupidlty. desired. 
Craig's  house  was  an  extensive  buildingf  three 
stories  high,  with  back  buildings  of  an  equal 
height^  running  far.  in  the  rear  along  the  foot 
of  the  hill..  This  last  building  consisted,  pf 
stores,  which,  as  well  as  the  house,  was  of  brick 
work.  We  came  to  the  back  part  of  the  bouse 
silently,  and  with  the  utmost  caution.  Mr. 
Craig,  by  a  slight  knock  brought  a  trusty  old 
negro  to  the  door,  who  wasjthe  sole  guardian  of 
the  house.  The  objects  of  Mr,  Craig  were  fryr 
ing-pans,  skillets,  and  a  great  variety  of  other 
articles  of  ironmongery,  together  with  cloths, 
ilannels,  Unnens,  ^Scc  &c.  &c.    The  party  with 


'^■:  7  ~  "SJ^TITT  T^-^l^^^-" 


/ 


109 

Craig  f^terefd.  tli!elioii9e.  As  a  man  of  eo^^- 
denec,^  and  as  a'Bentry*  it  became  my  basiness  ,to 
wate^  the  Putoe^gate.  There  was  a  e)ei^ 
m^niigbti  but  it  was ^es^iei^ingly  blealc«  Mjr 
idaelb  ^  obsertatton  was  imder  a  brick  ^vclk^ 
over  wbicb  were  8t9reS'>f  liir.  Craifpf  perbaf^ 
less  than  e^^ty  ^Det  tvqm  Paliice-j*ate.  M>^ 
glcires  were  good  .and  well  {ined  with  fur,  apd 
Piy  .moekauas  of  t!^  be^t  Mnd^  well  staffed.  Un- 
seen—eontinttidly.paei9g  the  width  of  the  arch ; 
My  comfii^ipiis  seenied  to .  employ  too  mucK 
time.  Bame  Freiiehmenf  of  colonel  Livingatop's 
regimeiitf.  wtthont  our  IfliowMgey  had  been  be- 
low Palaee^gate  mjEirauding*  Repassing  the 
hjDttse  we  ir^re  atf  like  so  opany  hell  -houndsi,  they 
set  op  a  yelling  and  horrid  iya>  which  not  otify 
seared  our  pa^y^  but  alarmi^  the  garrison  itsepl 
My  companions  in  the  house  (apprehenfive  of 
%  sally  from  Pidaee-gat«,)  iiedy  carrying  all 
they  could*  Though  I  heard  the  noise»  the 
flight  of  my  friends  was  unseen,  as  they  emerg* 
ed  from  the  cellars.  The  noise  and  bustie  cre^ 
ated  by  the  Canadians  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  enemy.  Large  and  small  shells  wcire 
thrown  in  every  directiony  whenever  a  noise  was 
heard  in.  St.  B<^ue«  .  Having  on  a  line  , white 
bknhet  coat*  ^nd  turning  my  cap  of  <<hiii^t 
rotige;"  inside  out,  the  inside  being  wiite»  mader 
Vie,  as  it  werCf  invisible  in  the  snow.  Under  the 
areli  the  conversation  of  the  sentries^  as  It  wercy 
almost  over  my  head,  was  very  distinguishable. 
In  this  cold  region,  many  reasons  operate  to  in- 
duce the  placing  two  sentries  at  the  same  post-^ 
they  enliven  each  other  by.  conversing,  and  It 
prevents  the  fatal  eflfeets,  which  fbllQW^  ^Vh 
standing  still  in  one  position.  F^tcen  minute 
'at  this  time,  was  the  term,  of  the  sei^ritsp  standj 


iiig4  nPhe  timeof  my  «tfftiding^'iinder  tii«  mh' 
ieemeA  to  be  severfd  lioarB»  yet  lioneF  and  duty^ 
reqak-ed  pepsey^raiM^*  At  l^iigtli,  lieiDg  weiu>iedr 
i^Wgelng  to  the  baek  door  of  the  houM' «nd 
kB^^king^^iio  whispet;  eould  be  heard  within-M 
thte;  cdd  neipro  li^ad  soim^y  nsleep  in  his  bomb*' 
piNilof  sbeUv  Ait  this  n^nient  those*  Canadians 
Miti  plLfit  t^e  gtit<&way  agiln,  with  their  ttsnalt 
iH>i^  Jobber;  to  me^  in  buy  deserted  stateyjit^ 
scemM  a  sally  of  the  enemy.  There  was  ne 
^iiWlet  but  bjf  the^  wniy  we  esAne,  whieb  seemed 
iiatardotts.  Running  gilii  In  hand  into  a  lai^e 
en^lo^ure,  whieh  wa^  a  gat^n  of  Mr.  Grains : 
here  W^s  ieinew  dilemma.  There  was  no  escape 
biit  by  r^^turning  to  the  house  ov  elimhhig  a  pali- 
sade twenty  feet  h%li.  The  latter  was  prefix- 
edf  but  my  rifie  was  l4^ft  within  the  enelosure* 
ad  no  means  could  be  fallen  upon  to  get  it  ovjsr 
ike  stockade.  The  guard-house  was  s4ion  reach- 
ed.  On^^fthe  sei^ants  kindly  returned  with 
me  to  assist  in  bringing  over  my  gun.  It  was 
grasj^dinextlicy:  ^as!  the  determination  nevep 
to  part  with  it  again,  but  with  IMe^  was  futile. 
While  in  the  enclosure^  going  from  and  returning 
to  Itr  we  were  assailed  with  grape-shot  and 
shells,  not  by  any  means  aimed  at  us,  for  the 
enemy  knew  not  that  we  were  there,  but  was  in- 
tended to  disperse  those  vociferous  and  vile  Ca- 
nadians, and  it  hadi  the  efiTect.  They  were  as 
cowardly  as  noisy.  The  cohorn  shells  Were 
hiMidsomely  miinaged.  They  usually  burst  at 
Mteeh  or  twenty  feet  from  thcr  earth,  so  as  to 
scatter  their  destructive  effispts  more  widely. 
Ag^in  coming  to  the  guard-house,  my  immedi<^ 
ale  iriends  all  gone,  1  ran  thence  to  our  quar« 
ters  about  two  miles,  with  great  speed.  This 
was  about  three  o^olock  ill  the  morning.    C^nl* 


"'  i^4k^'^'''' 


''■■% 


111 


as 
ire 
at 
to 
ly. 


imp  io>  ^aHerSf  n^  ftet  and  hands  were  n^iiilpd^ 
iwlllNittt  evier  bayin|p^  dlifiiig  til^se  Inany  drenhry 
iMNirav  Uee«  sensilileiof  tlie^«old«  It  was  seen 
dlsi)ov«[^edf  tfiat  tlwy  Wfere.  iroaeD^  BiHfaig  off 
^y  ^wnib  «^toii  and  tttmfSrgiiig'  my  feet  and  legs 
<kiiee/ttO(q[»  in  tlM'  snow  Ht  ^e'  door^  salibii^  with 
my  handsit  few  minotos^  sooir  eiitusMia.  ifeeireti^ 
flation  df  ttie  bloddj  ihi  haaids  Ivere  ifestoredlgr 
4:he  uxA.  For  fifteen^  and  eren  twenty  years  af- 
terwtodsy  ^e  ihtolerftMe  efieets  of  that  night'as 
fi^oiit  weretnost  sensibly  feh.  The  soles  of  my  feet^ 
partienlarlyy  tbei  pi^oiniiie»eies,  were  severly 
f i?os«bsttx^n  and  ^isHKh.  Inflil^  so  it  yns  as  to 
nsflliiinii^  ;  Bat  it 'Wan*  Tery  remarkaMe  thsU 
thdimisnbsi^lieiit  'ianniil  painings^  uniformly  at- 
tiiekid '.  an^ :  In  the^  saime.  iJaioirth  of  the  year  in 
whife1t*the  ennse  ok^urred. 

On  the  id^t  of  the  20th»  or  21st  of  Dieeember^ 
«  snow* stoj^iiry'dfcivingli^reely from  the  north- east> 
ittdneed  the  noble  Montgomery^  to  or^r  on  ati- 
taek  oif.ttto  f<^rtresi.  .:Our  foree  altogether^  did 
not  atnount'to.<^^more  '^than^  eleven^  hundred  jnen^ 
And^  many  of  tfaese>  by  eontrivanees  of  their  own^ 
were  1^  thd.  huspiteli  whioh,  by  this  iime^  wao 
transferred  to^  ibe  tfuniiery^;  The  stortii  abated-^ 
fbe  moon: fthone^andwe  retired ^o  repose,  ti^Iy 
unWilHiigfy^  We  had  eanght  oni* '  eomman^r'ir 
s|iirh>  who  was  an^sioiily  afiter  the  eaptnre  :  of 
Chiirablee,  Sli  Jolin&y  and  Montreal^  to  add  Qne^ 
))ec^as  a  prhneilrbphy  to  tlie  laurels  liiready^oni 
Captain  Smi^yctliLeheaid  of  our  niess^^^s^jsaqptaini^ 
had  bten  inrili^! w  |;^neral  Mont^omev^s'  ebnni 
cii  of  offieersr  (nolle  under  that  gradei  beMg  eaJl^ 
l^^^  Hke  most  of  uninstrootedtaea,  he;  waBHlilk4 
atlv^:and  what  is  oMieh  worse  in  mil£tal^hAif)«$ 
very  oommunicHtive.  I  beliere  blushing ' Il^tt 
lowed  the  kitelligenoe  he  gave  rae:  the  idea  of 


iiii^^r«>pffie^  ^of  ibondiiet  to  him^  deeply  impk^si^ 
ed  jn^  iniad.  The  wbele  piaii  oiiheniiiek  on 
"ike :  two^ofioiving  i^y 8»  ^at  iiBowa  t»  the  mean*- 
eet'jniliilli  the  fton^.  iio w  k «wtiBldieekii§ed^  H 
ttodcMftittr  «ri6Bft  bf  the  fktiiii^  af  the  eajittekiai 
ikim  "^ii^tttoii^  a  seifgeaiit  ia  thtt  iwinjfp^  wfaieh 
aciMiaif^tled^^^AftaBlgiHttefjr^  deeertird  CiNiai^  the 
Iphard  at  the^iahafhiof  tit;  JFoba^e,  umi  dlsefofed 
•ia*  OUT  feet  the^purpert  of  enr^Bohenits;  .hlft  de<^ 
sertiba  eaiiscid  mueh  aiu^tj^  MThe  general  pm^« 
.deatly  gave  out  th{it  it  was  h^'  eemiiiand»  h|^ 
itould  retani  sooii  with  latellfgenoe;  Thii>waf 
(lieiiev)ed^geB«niU}^*5  ^he  latter  uifbraiatiQa  ^eame 
to  my  kao(«led^  aome  ittMrtbs  ailtarwaTdty  whi^a 
•arprisoai^wi  The ii^  fimiiii  4i9^  me>  U 

|iorleet  Qw  tnjr  mraaorr.  ¥eiitii»  addoBi  fetget 
their  jufe&ile  iBipreMiinit^  It  wiia/Alaj^><Tliat 
^*f  we^^  A)«old^t  eorpi^  ae^iipiMcd'  h|f ^ 
^taut  Iiai^i  York  artillerb^  shUiM  atioaU  tlHB 
MloHrertewB^  on  tlie  side  of  ^StMBaqae :  genli^i 
0  Montgomery  was  to .  attaok  the  lower  town  1^ 
P  the  way  o€  oiqie  Biaaiottf^  whii^ '  ia  W'^k^. 
ff.iKKai?gln  of  the  St.  I^iwredce.  A  fiilse  attaeiL 
.^f  was  to  be  Jtade  eastwttrdly  4if  St.  Jidiii^s  gatt* 
«<  When  MoBtgoBielpr  aad  JdmaM  eoaijoin^  ia 
<^lhe  lower  towBy  iioB  the  piej>t%  the  womaii 
•*^  a^  the  ehHdren,  mete  t^  be  gathered  aad  in* 
f ^  terniiogled  with  i^ie  troops^  wA  aa  assaalt  bo 
iKf  Biade  oa  the  BppertQWfl*f?a>yi8ienaiy  asv  this 
mode  of  altaek  was^  from  what  easuedy  it  ji 
mieerely  my  belief  that  Smith  was  e<wreot  la 
Ids  iafeirBMitiony  as  to  the  pla&  sttg^ested  by  the 
general*  )>Jil  tlM»SB  tarbuloBt  tim^s^^  raeh  of  gal« 
lliMtryy  aiieh  ;tts  Montgo^Mryi^  were  imperiousfy 
neeessitatedi  to  keep  up  Ibdur  own  feme  aod^^ 
s^its  of  thfeipeople»  to  propose  and  to  haaard 
measures;  even  to  tlie.eonAnes  ^riaipra^iieei 


113 


Th«te  wa#  moitfier  eiremnflaaee  ivlii^  kidiiMtf 
^nr  forate  and  worthy  generalf  to  adopt  aetlv6 
ind  dangeroui  liieaiit  of  conquest*    Many  of  th« 
Mew-Entftand  tiHN>|i»  bad  boon  engaged  on  very 
slioK  ottiifltiiientii^  some  of  whioh*  were  to  expire 
on  the  flr^t  of  January,  1776»    The  patrkithm  of 
the  Bttmmer  of  seTentv^flf^y  seemed  tdmost  ex*^ 
tini^ulshed  In  the  winter  of  seventy^slx.    Th» 
jj^trlotie  officer*  made  every  exlerlion  to  indnee 
enlistmentsy  but  to  no  pnrp^sc*   W^r  of  the  ^  fi*^ 
fttf!  Ciorpsy**^  readily  assented' to  reinam  with  thei 
g^neraly  though  he  should  be  deserted  by  the 
eastern- men,  yet  Ibis  example  had  no  manner  or 
infliienoe  on  the  g^erality.    The  mf^oriQr  #ieri 
eitheir  Ikrniers  or  sailorsy^  and  iome  hndTwiVci 
and  children  at  home^    Thescy  and  oilier  re»^ 
soillly  perhlip»  the  austerity  of  the^ntor/  and> 
the  harshness  of  the  servicereaused  an  obstinacy 
of  mindy  which  wOnld  not  submit  to  patriotiero-t 
Bresentatlon.  Besid'ei  the  sinallpoxy*  Which  >haii 
been  introduced  into  our  cantonfltfcnts  by  tiie  in^ 
deeorous,^  yet  fasoinating  arts  of  tbe-enemyy  h^- 
alrcady  begun  ks  ravages*.    This  temper  of  thO 
men  was  well  known  to  the  generate 
'     it  was  not  Itntir  the  night  «f  the  tbirty^first 
of  December^  one  tbousanl  seven  bun^hied  anA 
scventy-iivey  that  suoli  kind  of  weatlfer  en«uc4^ 
as    ivas  cOosideped    faTorable  for  tfa^  assaOMi^ 
The  fore|Nirt  of  th^  nii^t  was  admMbly  eiN- 
laghtened^^  a  1uniin<^^  moon*    Mai^  ^  Os^ 
emcers  as  well  a»  priaratesi.  bad  dkpersed  in 
various  direeliO||f<^  among:  the  farm  and  t^]ifi|! 
boil$es  oftbo Vioidlty.    W^^  well  knew  the  sign^ 
itr  raHying.    Tliis  was  no  other  than  a  ^  snow^ 
itorm.^'     About  l^  o^clOck  F»  M*^  the  bciivaii^ 


^SeeNotaiy* 


K& 


•w^' 


.t'^V: 


114 


frasr  overoast.  We  fs^wiyl  ti»  quattort*  ByM 
^'cloek  we  wc«7e  aeeoutiwd  and  be^aour  marebii 
Tine  siaivi  way  ouli!af^ou%  aad  llieveold  wtod 
e^remel^r  biting.  In  tbi^  noHbeni  annatfy^he 
snow  is  Hi^n  boriapatally  into,  Ibe  fteat^  aC  tnM 
Tylers  an  most  aecamnf- ^i»  wat^nMy^ease*  r^ 
.  Janaarjr  1st.  When  we«eanie,to,Cimi#»fliaii8e^ 
H^ar  Palaoe-gai»»  a^liopriUi)  roap^of  ^iMmon  tadc 
plaoe»  and  a  ringing  lof  all  tbf;  bells  ^ftlie  e^, 
iRrfaieb  are  vepjf,nuni€iHH!Mif  and  pf  all  sisies,  J^^ 
AoMf  headiag  ihp  fiirlom  hoipe^  advaniM^  pM$i 
%aps»  nne  hundred  yardsi  before  Iba  main  bady«i 
jkMev  these,  fUlpwed  X#inb's  artiUerifftf,  Mor- 
gan's eompany,  l^d  in  the  secandarj  part  of 
^  ,Qp|ama  f»f  infiinM*y<  Smith's  followed^  head* 
cA  hy  $teelc»  the  eaptain*.  fi^m  partieuUir  eaus<r 
f^»Jl>^ing  absent.  ,He^diif&k's  eompanj  sueceeA^ 
^,  and  ih^  eastern  moni  sn  ihr  as  known  la 
me,  loUowed  in  due  ^^^  3fba  snow  was  deepafc 
|b^n  in  ihn  fields,  baei^^e  af  the  nature  of  tMr 
^pand*  Tb»  path  made  by  Arn^  IjMnb,mi4 
Ifarganr  nan  almostr  impaireeplible,  beeanse  of 
^  %)ling^  isna  w }  eovering  thp  loeks  of  oitr  gimsi 
with  the  lappets  af^ureaats,  holding  dawn  imn 
^ads,  (fpr  i^  was.iifipi^ible  la  beadP  npour 
fiices^  against  the  imperiousi  starm  of  wimd  and 
l^m^jt}  W  KOI  alangtbe  foot  of  the  hill  in  sin^ 
^  jOlc^  44ang  the  first  of  jOur  run»  Iram  Palaea^ 
ga4e»:jrar,  s^er^  h^^i^  pafees,  there  stead  al 
m^S^,  oCiasuIal^  buildings,  whieh  seemed  ta 
be  8tare-»hPiti»cf8»  wp  passed  these  ^ieldy  in  sia-* 
^e  ^,  pr^tywi^  apart*:  TJba  juteri^ea 
vfi^fB  iVqin  thirty  to  fifty  yards,  in  these  inter*|n 
iralsp  we  ffedved  a  tremendous  fire  af  mnsl^4 
|ij  fe^ni'jUifB  rspiiimrts  abairctas.*  Here  ^id  Uw^ 
somc^  brave  men,^  when  powerless  to  return  the 
saitties  we  received^  as  the  enemiy  waaJeatered^ 


-»'.k 


115 


s 

i 
\ 


\ 


red 


by  fiis  hniir^gnable  defmees^-  They  vr^re  ereit 
iq^tlets  to  nty  we  eoald  tee  nothing  but  thl| 
bnae  from  the  muzoleB  of  their  muskets.  > 

«'A  numiier  of  fessels  of  various  sizesf  lay. 
along  the  beaohf  moored  by  their  hawsers  or 
eahles  to  the  houses.  Paeing  after  my  leader^ 
lieutenant  8tede»  at  a  great  rate^  one  of  tiiose 
mistook  me  midertlieehiny  and  east  roe  head-^ 
lottg  down^  a  deelinty  of  at  least  Hft^eon  feeU 
The  plaoe  fmneared;  to  be  dthi^r  a  4i7doefc>  orl 
a  sawpit.  My  deiOent  waii  terrible ;  giin  an(| 
ail  was  ihrolTed  in  a  great  de|fth  of  snow*  M^t 
imlifeidlyy  however^  wrni  of  my  knees  reeei veil 
0  violent  eontusion  on  a  piece  of  si^raggy  iee^ 
v#bieh  ,wa»  oovered  by  the  snow.:  On' 11^  oeea-r 
siOttSf  we  caa  searee  expeet  in  the  huny  of  at<^ 
taeky  that  our  intimates  should  attend  toan;|ir 
other^  than  their  own  eonoems;  Miilewentftt^iti 
mei  regardless  of  my  fate.  Ben^bbling  out  o# 
the  eavity^  without  assistaacei  div^liog  my. 
person,  and  gun  of  the  snow^  alid  Hmpiiig  inter 
llw;line»  it  was  attempted  to  assume  a  statioiiy 
and  preserve  it.  Tliese  w'ere  none  of  my  friends 
-4-4h^  knew^me  not.  We  had  not  gmie  twentyi 
yaidsf  in  my  hobbling  gaity  befoi^  I  was  thrown' 
oat^  and  eompelled  to  await  the  arrival^  of  a 
ehaism  intbe  liney  where  a  new  plaee  might  bo 
obtained,  r  Men  in  affairs  sueh  as  this^  seem 
in  thib  maiuf  to  lose  the  eompassionate  feeHnir^ 
and^  are  averse  from  being  dislodged^  f)H>m  theur 
original  staUontfr  -  We  "^^  rapi^y^  est-^ 

posed  to  a  long  line  of  fire  from  the  garrison# 
fbr  now  we  were  unproteeted  by  any  bnildings. 
The  fire  had  slackened  in  a  small  degree.  The 
efnemy  hi^  been  partly  ealled  off  to  insist  ^ie 
general)  and  strengthen  the  party  opposed  to 
ijmold  in^  ouf  flront    Now  we  saw  eolonek  A.r^ 


lis 

■old  retarniingf  woonded  Id  dhe  togt  and  sup^; 
ported  bj  two  gontlemonf  a  parson  Hpring  n^aa 
one,  and  in  my  belief,  a  Mr.  Ogden,  tho  others 
Arnold  oalled  to  the  troops,  la  a  oheeHnf^-voice^ 
a*  we  passed,  urging  us  forward,  yet  it  trasob^ 
lervable  among  the  soldiery,  with  whom  It  waa 
B»f  misfortune  to  be  now  plaeed,  thai  the  co4 
loners  retinng  damped  tlieir  spirits*  A  eani 
term  **  We  are  iold,"  was  repeatedly  heard 
In  many  parts  ihroiighout  the  line.  Thus  pn^ 
Ceding  eniladed  by  an  animated  but  lessened 
ftre,  we  eame  to  the  tirst  barrier,  where  Arnold 
kad  been  wounded  in  the  onset.  This  ee^test 
kad  lasted,  but  a  few  minutes,  and  was  some*^ 
wrhat  severe,  but  the  energy  of  ourmen  pre<^ 
vailed.  The  embrasures  were  entered  wheik 
the  enemy  were  discharging  their  gnns^    The 

guard,  consisting  of  thirty  persons,  were  either 
ikLcn  or  fled,  leaving  their  arms  behind  thirm.. 
At  this  time,  it  was  diseovercd  that  our  guaa 
were  useless,  beoause  of  the  dampness.  ^  Tho 
•now,  which  lodged  in  our  ileeey  eoats,  waa 
Bieited,  by  the  warmth  of  our  bodies.  Thehco 
oame  that  disaster.  Many  of  the  party,  know- 
ing the  cireumstahee,  threw  aside  their  own,  and 
ieized  the  British  Arms.  These  were  not  only 
elegant^  but  were  such,  as  bt$  fitted  the  hand  of- 
a  real  soldier.  It  was  said,  that  ten  thousand 
stand  of  such  arms^  had  been  received  fiVbni 
England,  in  the  previous  summer  for  arinfaig;. 
the  Canadian  militia.  Those  peo|ile  Hvere  Ibatb 
to  bear  them  in  opposition  to  ourrjgltt9&  From^ 
the  first  barrier  to  the  seooiidy  tnere  was  a 
eircular  course  along  the  siites  of^io^ses,  and: 

Sai*t1y  through  a  street,  probably  of  th^ee  hun^ 
red  yards,  or  more.    This  second  barrier,  was 
^ereeted  across^  and  near  the  moiith.  of  a  narrow 


117 


8tV6«t^  adjailenl  tia  tke  foat  of  ihe. hilly  yit\4eh 
opened  inton  larger^  kading^  soon  iito  the  lOfiin 
ImnIjt  uf  tJito  iqwer  town,  fl^re  it  wai»  that  the 
inott  Mriiins  oontentioa  took  i^aca :  tl^t^  bcoanM; 
the  haneof  stwife;  The  admirable  Montgbme-* 
^,  by  thit/iimey  (though  It  was  unfcn'iwa  to 
uit)  was.n^tiiMiM;  veti  we  ex^eted  mopieiitar^ 
lj9  to  ^iiiJiiiii,  The  firing  <Mi:  that  side  <yf  tha 
^rtftss  ^eeased»;  his  division  Ibll  under  the  earn- 
ihand  of  «  eolcnel  Caaiphell>  of  the  Tpew-York 
liney  a  wOrlhlf  ss  chieff  who  retreated,  withe^ 
inaldng  an  dKHrft»  in  poirsuaiioe  of  thd  general*! 
origins  plansii  VTlko.i.  inevitable  oonftqnmiefi 
Vfn$f,  thiat  the  whole^of  the  foreei  on  timt  iido 
of  the.eltyy  ^and  those,  who  were  opobsM  to  thi^ 
^slai^'  personi  einj^oyed  to  make  the  Iktse 
altaeks,  embodied  and  eame.  do wja  to  0|N^9e  oui 
division.  Here .  ivas  sharp  ahootiog.  We  ^ero 
on  the  difadtantagooua  side  of  tho  bweilDr,  fb» 
snfih  a  purpose*  Confined  in  a  narrow  street^ 
kardlj  more  than>  twenty  feet  wide,  and  on  the 
foWer  i^round,  seareely  a  baU»  well  aiiiied  of 
Otherwise,  but. inusttdnkoeflbet  upon  us.  MoiN 
gan, .  Heodrioks,  Steele,  fiumpbt'eys,  aiid  li 
orowd'of  every  class  of  the  i^Na^,  had  gathered 
iiito  the  nairoii  piss,  attemptln|g  toiini*mooitdi£ 

Jmrrier,  wlAlh  wras  about  twelve  or.lnor6|bet 
ligh,  aodoo  stpk^gly  eonstruoted,  that  iliothing 
hut  artiUery,  eouul  effeetuate  its  .destruetioO* 
^here  wiais  a  eofiiitriictlan,  fifteOn  or  twenty 
jards,  within  tlwhamer,  ufion  a  nsing  groih^ 
^jhe^  eannon  of  ^vitiolif  ma^h  overtoppei^  tlris 
height  of  die  harrier,^  henee,  we  were  aesailed* 
by  gn^l^e  shot  in  ahimdNoe-^Tfais  ereeliitt.'  w^is 
ealled  the  platiuitn.  r^^^n,  within  the  'Vkn 
tier,  and  c^se  in  to  It,  ivere.  tw6  ranges  W 
m|ii^tf  era,,  armed  wiUl  m.uskejt  ahd  baydii^> 


118 

i^y  id  iteeeiv^  tlttMi^^wlia  m^tii^ntiire  111* 
dlmgeToufe .  leafi.  Add  Uk  all  iMs*  ^biit  tlie  eae« 
njr  Dfi^upM  the  ttfper  oliambers  lif  Hue  houses 
m^ille:iil(eri0v  oC.tm  baKiior«iiiiib<illl  Jdd^ 
the  j;tre«t»  fromilie  windows  0iwliiel»»  we be«> 
eawe  JBui^  marks.  Th0^emj»  iiaHn^tHe  adlraoti- 
agei«Cihe!groiiiid.iii  fraiity  j^  wmUiWixfrnnQniyoi 
BUmlMrf^  dipjr  and  better  arois^  ganre  thtsiii  an  jvf 
reaistibte  |Miw«r»  In  so  narrow,  a^uee.  Haiii^ 
2llirc:f  *t  ttpoa  a  moui^  whiek  wa»apeedil|r  eree^*^ 
0d».  jittended  fa^  laaajr  bfiMre  men,  atimnfiedt^ 
sisala  Hie^  baviier»  but  wai|  e6ni|idybd;io>etceat| 
\fy,  jthe .  &rmidflb)fB  phalanx  cif  hajrohets  wkWui. 
and  tli^i  weight.  iit\ fire;  &^m  the  platf^ 
the  bilildingB.  -Morgan*  bo^afe  to  leneerS<|K^ 
MttneA  and  raged,  .I]eni^iek%  Steffle,  Nicholas 
^kmphreyf^  equally  bravep  were^edstey'tlioagh 
under  a  treipeadous  fiire.  The  j^atfhrm^  wlileli 
was  .wiihitt  ouie  vleWf  wa»  (svaeaated  by  the  iie^ 
curaej  of  our  ilre».  and  f^w"  persoaSf  dared  Ten^^ 
tare  ■.  there  again.  Mow  it  wasf  that  the  Becegi 
sky  of  the  oeeupaney  of  the  honsesy  cm  our  md^ 
of  the  barrier*  Jie^iane  afiparent.  Orders  were 
given  by  Morgan^  16  that  effeet-*«We  entered-^ 
this  :#a8  neai!  dtigrlight^  The  houses  were  a^  sfiel^ 
ter^.from.  whieh>^. WiTcouM^  fire  wkh  much.aeeu* 
rao)r»  Yetf  even  here*  some  yaluaUe  lives  wer6 
^t«^^  Hendrieks«  wlfen  aimiflg  hk  rifie^^at  som» 
proliiinent  persons/died  bj^'aostraggling  ball^ 
throngh  his  heart.  He  staggered  m  few  ftd 
triaekw^s*  and  fe)l  upon  a  bed*,  wheve  Ii4  inn 
alinlly.  fpipirecl.  lie  was  m-  ornament  «f  erif 
Util^  soelBly«  The  amfiahle  Uamphiieiyi  '^ied 
by-  a: like  kind  Of -woundy  toiit  was  w th<f  «ti?eiffil^ 
hefdre  'we  ieniet*ed  the  bttildhigs»  Mai^  ^ther 
brave  men  fell  at  this  plao^*  amonfi:  these  were 
CoafaTf  of  Canneetieiity  andp^^liapa 


hisi 


11-9 

Mt^' or  sixty  noti-eommissHmed  offie^fty  ittid 
pfivates*  The  woundedf  vere  liumerottsy  and 
numjr  af  them  dangerously)  sa^  Captlun  LilniW 
of^!  the  York  artUlerifttSy  had  nfeai^y  orie  half  of 
hn^;&ee;  earned  away>  hy  a  gn^^e  or  DannisleR 
shot.; 'My  friend  Steele,  lost  three  .of  hjb  An* 
gersy.  as^he  was  presenting  his^^gun  to  fire  ;•  cap-v 
tMKL  Htthbard  and  lieutenant  Flsdlet  were  alsa 
among  the;  wounded*!  vWhen  we  r^fleet  upon  the 
whole  of  the  dangers  at  thltharricade,  and  the 
formidaMe  force,  that  came  to  <f  annoy  us,  it  is  a 
^  matter  of  surfn^se,  that  so  iliany  should  es*. 
**  eape  death  and  woundsng^  >  as  dicl.^  All  hope^ 
of  saeeess,  having  vanished,  a  retreat  was  oon-^ 
templated^  but  hesitation,  uneertainty,  and  a  las- 
situde of  mind,  whteh  generally  takes  plaee,  in 
the  aAairs  of  men,  when  we  fiiil  in  a  prqieet, 
upon  whieh,  we  h^^^e  attached  much  expeeta-* 
tion,  now  followed.  That  moment  wasfoc^isfaf* 
ly  lost,  when  suidi'  a  movemoit  might  have  been 
made  ^with  tolerable  success.  Captain  Laws^ 
at.  ike  head  of  two  hundred  men,  issuing  fipomT 
Pfdaee-gate,  mostfhirly  and  handsomely 'looped 
us  up«  :  Many  of  the  men,  aware  of  the  conJBe** 
quences,  and  all  our  Indians  and  Canadianf^,  (exW 
cept  Natanis  and  another^)  escaped  aeross  th6 
ice,  which  covered  the  bay  of  SU  Charles,  l^r 
fore  the  arrival  of  captain  Laws.  This  wall « 
dangerous  and  desperate  adventure^  but  wprOi^ 
while  the  undertaking,  in  avoidance  of  our«id>- 
sequent  sufTerings.  Its  desperateness,  ecmifisled 
in  running  two  miles  across  shoal  ice,  thrown 
up  by  tber  high  tides  of  this  latitude— -and  its 
danger,'  in  the  meeting  with  air  holes,  deqcfl-' 
tively  covered  by  the  bed  of  snow. 

t  See  general  Nichors  letter. 


'.^- 


'  flpettkifig  oirettnspeetlyf  yet  it  mutt  lie  admit" 
ted'  Qon|eeturally>  k  seems  t<i  me^  tbat-^  in  tlie 
Yfliiile  of  Hms  attae(£>  of  eonmilssioiied  offiterii  lie 
iMid  sik'  killedy  five  wounded^  ^d  of  iioii&eo]a<^ 
]fdlii«iied  aad  j^vtites^  at  least  one  hundvediaiMi 
iiH^ikiiled,  and  fifty  or  sixty  iraimded.  Of  .^e 
eilettiyrBiiiny  were  killed  and  many  mure  iroiind'^ 
ed^'isomjiarati^elyy  than  on  ouir  tide^'^tikkig  it^ 
Till w^  the  disadvantages  vte  labrntedrmadev;:  ai|d 
thatbnt  two  oeeasions  happened  wh«i  %e  ednld 
retittntfaeir  fire,  that  is^  at  the  first  iwd  neeoad 
harriers.  Neither  the  Amierieaii  aeeount  of  this 
afTairy  ais  pilbltshed  by  eongress^  nor  that  dfusir 
Guy  Carleton,  admit  the  Tossjof  eith^  side  to 
he  so  ^ieat  as  it  really  wm^  in  my  estimation. 
It  seems  to  be  an  universal  praeti^amone  bel. 
Vgerants  of  all  nations,  to  lessen  the  nuniher  of 
the  slain  of  the  side  of  the  party  wbieh  reports 
the  event,  antl  to  increase  it  on  the  part  of  the 
enemy.  Having  had  pretty  good  opportuidties 
of  forinhig  a  just  .opinion  ohUthe  sul^eet,  it  is 
lioped  that  gentlemen  who  have  thoujght  or.  writ* 
ten  differently,  will  not  disdain  to  listen  to  iny 
argument*  As  to  thfi  British  ^  on  die  platform 
tirey  were  fitiir  objects  to  us.  They  were  9oon 
driven  thenee  by  the.  aotiteness -of  onr  shooting, 
iffhich  in  our  apprehension  must  "have  destroyed 
many.  Perhaps  there  never  was  a  body  of  me^i 
associated,  who  better  understood  the  use  and 
manner  of  employing  a  rifie,  than  our  eor[^s: 
which  by  this  time  of  the  attack,  had  their  gnns 
in  good' order,  When  we  took  .possession  of  th« 
keiises,  we  h^d  a  greater  range.  Ouk*  oppiirtu- 
nities  to  kill,  were  enlarged.  Within  one  hun- 
dred yards^  ev^^ry  man  must  die.  The  Britishy 
however,  were  at  home — ^they  could  easily  drag 
their  dead  oat  of  sight/  and  bear  their  wounded 


in' 
A 


BO]ll<^ 

»  IbIo 
ebuld 

fthis 
[If  air 

atioo. 
r  bel. 
Mr  of 

oftke 

ndiies 

it  is 

writ* 

my 

Llforai 

90011 

iroyed 
meip 
^  and 
sorj^s: 

IBS 


tb« 
|p<irtu- 

itish, 
drag 
sanded 


tfftlus  hospital*  It  ncaa  tho  ceyerse  wid&  |is» 
jCapiain  FrentiSf  ¥rl|0  oonipaaded?  tho  proT^ 
gcoardsi  would  t^  m^  vS  ^tob  <h^  eiglit  killod^ 
fMid  fifteen  or  ^woaty  wonwdedr  i^MMM^d  to  4hi% 
]tlie  sonti^OSi,  (wbO'  wf«e  ^e^findly  irislmio^ 
llM^t  guwdod  no  witb  iiMi«lR.si«plioit^  if  not. 
|ii^i»o<Niiyf)  f ro<i|^  of  fiNTlf  or  (If^ 

li^lo^  iNodiQ^kuy  i^oc^  mmidod*  The  latter 
^issoctiiEioo  ao0ir(le^  vfitib  Boy  opiojoiw  The  rea- 
piias'  ^  t)ii»  Nyi^^  tro  tdfso  r.  Wbon*  tlie.  dead, 
f H,  t)ie  ;fl9jll§iwipg;  dofSy  ijiroire  tvaa^portod  on  the 
^^«a9jypile%paB9o4^  aor  )ial>itatio9  for  depo8i|too<  ia 
tlie  ^f  4iMi4  litm^o/'  we  okserved  laany  bodio«>^  of 
n^b^j^ib  ii|>ii»^fif  UeS  li^d  a«|f  i^iiQiwle^ :  aod  a^ain^ 

iji^b^j^  oiiJ?J9^aa<M.Wfi^  fetaraed  to  i|8  f roia  the 
bospil^  tl%  uiilfovialy  9^  -^  hf^  aii0. 

of  jU^  Ifomded^  t^  ?iieioy.»  To  tftfe  grfsat 
llpiMvr  of  goiif  1^  CaHet<^»  they  w^i^  ^11^  whether 
jElriendo  o^  oaeiifties.  ti?«Eite4  witJ^  Uhe  attfMitioa 
iHid  l^iimuHty..  Too  i^asoB  w)|y  the  waaaded 
of  our  >|de  h^  90  spiudi  a  wfortioa  to  ib0 
deadf  se^psto  no  thi9 :  la  tlie  loi|g4^  we  roa 
from  P(ilaco-gat^  to  the  Arst  Vilttieiv  we  lost 
laaay  meii  wiMi  wote  kUM  oatri^,  hi^  maay 
more  ^ed»  who  ii^efe  irmrely  jwouaded,  yot  4a 
nie)i  a  inaqaerK  ao  inw  mlldof  refi^oa»  to  aiafco 
the  ease  a  earal^le  one^  A^  blow  nroai  a  holi  s# 
}<^ge  as  timt  of  a  npaM^et^  staggets  a  mai% 
lihelber  the  wouig^  be:  ia  th^  arm»  leg  or»e]s^ 
wLeve;  if  ia  9taggeriagi  b^  faUs*  be  eomesdowa 
into  a  deep  bed  of  snow,  from  whieh  a  hale  maa 
0iidS'  it  very  diflleuU  to  eslrleate  himself.  Fife 
or  ten  minutes  stniggHng  in  sueb  a  bed^  be«- 
nambs  the  strongest  maiit  as  frequent  exi})eri<- 
eaee  has  taught  mefif  the  part;  be  ^onnded^ 
tb<w|^  bill  Bligbtlys  twenty  or  tbiriiy  minates 


192 

'^tllldl!  him^  not  beeause  of  Ifae  neveHiy  of  thje 
^md9  but  by  the  inteDsity  of  the  frost*  These 
iire  my  opinions;  grounded  on  a  t^^mbly  dis- 
^tii  an4  aeeurate  knowledge  of  partieular  eases, 
Whii^  oeeurred  in  the  first  part  of  the  attaeh, 
^1^  a  varkty  of  information  obtfuned  afterwards 
llpom  Individual  suifcrers,  who  were  /persons  of 
:f6fid(Mity»  resetted  from  death  by  the  humane 
aetiviiy  of  governor  Carleton.  About  9  o'cloek» 
A.  M.  it  was  a^iarent  to  all  of  us,  that  we  must 
^urrende*.  It  was  done*  On  this  oecasionji  my 
friend  general  F.  N^hols>  by  his  own  native 
spidt,  peraeveranee  and  determined  bravery,  ob- 
4iyned  an  honoraMe  distinction,  and  aeknow^ 
lodgment  from  a  brave  and  distinguishei^  #nemy. 
Xt  ^nhanees  his  merit,  and  the  bo^,  (when  we 
irefleet  l^at  that  enemy  was  no  other  than  gene* 
«#!  Carleton,)  an  ornament,  sueh  as  would  grace 
tiny  nation,  whether  in  the  worst  or  best  of 
times*  8ome  privates  eamf  to  lieutenant .  Ni- 
cbolsi  and  demanded  his  swordjthe  requ»»tioa 
was  peremptorily  denied,  though  there  was 
great  risk  in  the  refusal*  He  retained  hh 
eword,  till  meeting  with  captain  Endesly  of  the 
enemy,  to  whom  it  was  surrendered^  but  with 
the  esaetibn  of  a  promise  that  it  should  be  re* 
ttttned  when  he,  the  captive,  should  be  released: 
in  t^  Aiigust  following,  before  our  embarka^ 
ition  for  N:jdW-York,\  captain  Eadesly  waited  on 
lieutenant  Nieholsfrand  in  the  presence  of  all 
the  Ameriean  officers,  re-delivered  the  sword, 
under  ^e  assurance,  that  it  was  by  the  permis- 
dioiiand  commfHid  of  general  Carleton.  This 
trait  In  the  character  of  Carieton,  adds  to  the 
celebrity  if  his  derivation,  and  manner  of  think- 
ing, and  easts,  into  a  dark  ground,  the  charac- 
iJdTM  of  most  of  :the  principal  British  officerSf 


123 


pardeulariy  t|ie  S^oteb^  wbo  hacl  mveb  infla- 
cnee  10  tliose  ilaysy  and  bore  towards  us  an  iii- 
tem|ierate  hatred. 

The  ooma|l80i#ned  oiReers,  and  some  of  the 
cadetsy  were  conducted  to  the  seminary^  a  res-' 
peetalde  building.  It  became  my  lot»  in  one 
way  or  othori  to  be  Jiost  in  the  crowds  and  to  ba 
assoefated  with  the  non-commissioned  oAcers^ 
in  t&e  company  of  some  of  whom^ -  ardent  and 
perilous  duties  had  been  undergone.  These  men 
are  by  no  means  to  be  lessened  in  character*  by 
contrasting  them  with  the  leyies  made  itk  Ktf- 
rope»  or  those  m%de  since  that  time  in  our  own* 
eountf^.  lHany  i>f  our  sergeants,  and  even  of 
our,  i^riTatesy  were,  with  g<MNi  educations^  sub- 
stan^al .  ^reisholders  in  our  own  eonntry.  Upon 
a  former  irccasioii,  you  were  told  the  story  of 
the  respectable  Dixon.  He  possessed^  (If  sor-- 
did  wealth  makes  the  man»)  twofold  the  ricbes^ 
of  his  captain ;  and  if  it  be  permitted  me  to  de- 
cide upon  the  characters  of  m^iiy  five- fold  his 
understandiiig/  activity  and  spirit.  Amiable 
Bison!  Many  of  these  men,  in  ttie  progress  of 
the  bloody  scenes  which  ensued,  iMscame  props 
of  our  glorious  cause,  in  defence  of  our  sacred 
Uberftes.  AH  e^uid  hfy  nmv^e^»  Let  a  few  suf- 
fice; Thomas  Boyd,  so  often  spoken  of  in  the 
wliderness  for  his  good  humor,  his  activity  and 
the  intensity  of  his  sufferings  |  struggled  glori* 
ously  for  his  life  as  a  captain,  and  died  a  dread- 
fill  death  by  the  hands  of  the  savages  in  1779,  in 
the  expedition  condueted  by  general  Sullivan 
agfiin«t  the  Six-nation  Indians,  t  Charles  Porter- 
fielihjMo.  lost  his  life  in  the  battle  of  Camden,, 
whe|rK  the  station  of  a  colon?].    Joseph  Aston, 


•See  Note  VII. 


124 


of  Lamb's/^ho  served  hik  eeuntry  tifireii|^eiil 
tlM  mBTf  mid  HHiv  p^oiii«ited  to  a  miileriljf  •  Dee-* 
tor  Thomas  Gibsotr)' of  Iieiidri(A^4%  ^lio  Cted  ki 
the  nerfortimnee  of  his  i^^p  at  tlilfi^allej  Forge» 
in  ,pe  itrlifler  4»f  1778.  Robert  CinmitMshaiiiy  * 
wealthy  freeMder  oflSmkh'Sf  %hi^lierr  litihlh. 
ed  the^ieedsrof  thftt^9order>  irhieli^  at  ^bo  eairly 
.  aa  age,  flurried  Mm  to  the  grave.  lie  Wsts  n 
younger  |pt|«»tb^  ef  that  W^t^ellent  eitteni;  and 
:?reque«t  i^ireseBfatiVe  of  the  j^Ofte  of  the 
eounty  of  LUiieasteri  J^atnes  Cunniiighaiiu  In 
shorty  mMif  Dthei^  inlglit  he  meatliltied  ki  tlief 
genera}^  as  vinbrthy  and  well  ia€»niied  as  ihdr 
aaiperior^^  without^  in  anywise,  faiputiflg  to  <%e 
la£ler»  in  «o  iMiyin^,  the  slightest  degree  of  dis^ 
parageroent.  This  Will  always  he  the  ease, 
wlieu  the  great  hody  of  a  nation  rises  in  its 
strength  to  defend  its  rights.  Those  who  un- 
derstand the  point  In. question,  in  a  national  ^s- 
pttte,  awi  are  nost  strongly  Impi^ssed  with  its 
importauoe,  will  he  the  first  to  arm.  This  has 
been,  and  ever  wlU  be,  the  dispositioa^f  men  la 
ail  ages  past  or  to  come,  whenever  their  privile- 
ges are  invaded.  Ofllees  of  prime  importanee, 
eanaot  be  obtained  by  sdl.  Men  of  tiifonUi^  Qf 
gealus  and  «o«irage  must  step  into  subordinate 
stations*  Boerates,  ^l^ibiaiieil  and  Bemos^ 
^enes,  Ibugh't  in  the  ramies. 

God  in  his  great  goodiiess  grant,  in  the  future' 
Tietssitudes  of  the  woHd,  that  our  eountrymen, 
niphenever  their  essential  ri^its  ^lall  be  attack- 
ed^ wMI  divest  themselves  of  s^  party  prejudieeV 
and  deii^te  their  lives  and  properties  in  jfefeuee 
of  the  sacred  ItbeiNies  of  their  country,  "il^out 
any  view  to  emokiment^  but  thiit  wl^h  %hi«igs 
ft-oui  glorious  a^  honorable  actions.  Ji^afcfon 
me  for  frequent  digression,  upon  this  tu^leel 


125^ 


irn- 


lOS- 


pafttoiilarlyi  Ai  irqr  whole  soul  was  bound  up  in 
our  causef  you  iipmt  forgive  jue^  The  ^al  upolo*' 
gy  isy  we  werej^^ll  of  ua*  epIliiimBtie  whigs* 

When  ujndbr  guai^^f  in  llie^  m^  of  the  llr»t 

of  Jfinug|ry»  coloqel  lk|«.  Dottgal>  a  Seoteh  gonUe-^ 
:qian»  near  nooot  oani^  to  review  us:  his  pei^pil 
was  known  to  me  at  DetroUras  an  inti|ja(ate  of 
an  unele^  three  years  before  this  tiine*     The 
eolonel  was  naturally  polite  and,  kln^hearted* 
HThen  it  eame  to  my  turn  to  be  oxamineds  as  to 
name,  plaee  of  births  &e.  besides  making  the 
proper  answers  to  bis  inquiries>  I  was  emliolr 
dened  j^o  deelare^  that  he  was  known  to  roe.    I|e 
seemed  surprised^  but  not  displeased :  a  request 
was  immemately  addedy  « that  he  would  order 
me  to  be  transferred  to  the  quarters  of  the  ofllr 
cers,*'    **  So,  my  dear  boy,*'  said  he,  "  you  had 
f<  better  remain  where  you  are ;  the  offieers,  ar 
<<you  are  in  rel>eliion»  may  be  sent  to  Bngland, 
«  and  there  be  tried  for  treason.''    The  adviee 
of  this  venerable  veteran,  made  an  impression  on 
i»y  mind,  whieh  was  then  agitated  by  a  thousand 
Vagrant  Uioughts,and  involved  in  doubt  and  un* 
eertainty  as  to  our  destination.    We  thfn  well 
knew  of  the  voyage  of  eolonel  Etliaii  j|jlen  iii 
England,  and  the  manner  oi^  it ;  *  and  tmat  'Wt^; 
George  Merchant,  our'l^llow  soldito,  but  the 
eonsequenoes  were  unkno^.    It  lieeame  n^  de«» 
termination  to  take  the  fatherly  adviee  of  eolo- 
nel M'Doiigal,  fork  was  rea% delivered  in  iher 
parental  style^  and  to  adhere  to  it.    ti[e  brought 
one  of  his  sons,  whom  1  ha4||^i^erty  known,  to 
gee  me  |n  the  fbllowing  day.   ^^bout  mid-day  we 
were  eseorted  to  a  ruinous  moil^stery  of  thf  or* 
Jer  of  St.  Franqis^  ealled  the  J^^'er^.    It  wa9 


»  See  Note  VII?. 


I»2 


«^. 


1^ 


flfh  ftninMtre  4imilrftngnl«r  liiiIMiiigy  etmti^liig»^ 
if^ittifii  it«iiiterlor'lmuiid»»  lialfiui  sere  dr  more/ 
of  an  ureiiy  wliiofi  tteeittftd  to  be  Vk»  a'  i^f^en  o^' 
fliirabbrrj.  The  inoi4t9»  priecAi  or  vhtit  iiot» 
iirlioii^abitedthe1ioii«e,  limstliaire  beenibw  in 
number^  as  for  my  part^  ntit  ihoreiSuni  iialf  W 
dozen  c/f tllstinct  TOces,  earnte  into  my  t!etir  trhllc) 
ire  staid  liere.  We  entered  Ivv  4he  grointdHoory 
(^at  is  by  ilieedlar^)tlie  building  on  Ihat^idei 
beln^  built  on  Ae  declinatiott  of  the  bill,  Wbieb 
ibi  this  part  of  the  city  is  very  uneven.  Tfan 
apartments  on  oirr  ti^y  ^s  we  entered*  seemed 
to  be  iSfied  with  governmental  «rtoresy  and  of 
provisions  of  all  kinds.  They  made  us  mseend  a 
lai^  ^aircase  intovan  tqiper  stpry*  wbere  we 
welhB  confpllmentei  wiHi  two  sides,  or  iHtbera 
pat^  Iff  each  of  the  sides  of  tht  quadrangle.  The 
tvfiole  birtlding  woidd  bave  aeeommodated  foul* 
tbousand  men,  Monkisb  spirit  mast  have  been 
in  bigh  vogue,  Vhen  so  great  a^Heeould  be 
^reetira,  merely  from  the  ahns  of  tbe  people, 
and  thiat  too»  ftmiro  egregionsly  absurd  a  par^ 
]po8e.  The  rangeB  df  tbe  rooms,  ^tougfa  tfxiien- 
iSiye  in  the  leUfflh  of  the  .galleries,  were  «mi^  hi 
ifaeir  size,  behig  scarcely  more  than  teiii  by 
twelve  or  iburteen  feet.  The  gfffleries  w^ei>0 
sdbout  twelve  iV;et  wide ;  many  reomv  w^re  ebmr 
ibttaiile,  ofbers  were  dfiapidated.  Ten  or  ado- 
zen  of  our  poor  fvHowv,  were  eompressed  Into 
one  of  Ihese  ^mall  rooms,  ^o  mueh  the  better^ 
as  ^t  lierved  to  keep  them  the  warmer.  Bt^d, 
Cunningham,  and  a  few  of  our  inlimates,  took 
possession  of  a  room  near  a  bn*^  stovt.  Tbe 
fir^t  week,  weMslept  m6st  uncomfortably.  Gra- 
doiirOodl  whiN;didvKemit  sidrer.       ' 

It  was  now  that  we  fully  learnt  the  destinies 
of  our  dear  and  revered  general^  und  bis  compa- 


t\ 


12T 


ill 
rlfn 
rltlld 
[oor» 
ti^ 

Th© 
ltd  a 


idotis  hi  Hhvifh.  But  aflow  me  before  iht  tfdteH 
of  f bat  sad  storj,  to  give  yoa  an  aneedote :  Tfaip 
merohaats  of^QaelMscy  like  those  of  England  ami 
our  eoaatrft  are  a  Yplrfted  and  generous  se^t  hi^ 
society :  they  applied  to  governor  Carleton*  antf 
obtained  leaYe#  to  malie  us  a  «<  new-year*8-f^.^ 
This  turned  out  to  he  no  other  than  a  large  holt 
of  porter,  attended  by  a  proportionate  quaittitf 
of  bread  and  cheese.  It  was  a  present  which  e x- 
hnirated  our  hearts,  and  drew  froui  us  mni^ 
thankfulneis.  We  shared  more  than  a  pint  per 
nan. 
Oeneral  Montgomery  had  marched   at  the 

SrecSse  time  stipulated,  and  had  arrived  at  his 
estined  plaee  of  attack,  nearly  about  the  time 
we  attacked  the  llrst  barrier.  He  was  not  one 
lOiat  would  loiter.  Colonel  €ampbeH»  "i^  of  tb« 
New-Torfc  troops,  a  large,  good-looking  marif 
who  was  second  in  command  of  that  party,  an€ 
was  deemed  a  veteran,  aecompariled  the  army  to 
tbe  assault  f  his  station  was  rearward,  genend 
Montgomery,  with  his  t&ftu,  were  at  the  point 
of  the  coluinn. 

*  It  is  Impossible  to  give  you  a  Iblr  and  cbmj^lete! 
Idea,  of  the  aature  and  situation,  of  the  plaet^ 
solely  with  the  p^n — ^the  pencil  is  required.  As^ 
the  special  per mifslon  of  goverment,  obtained  hgf 
the  good  offices  of  captain  Preitftis,  in  the  sam- 
mcT  following ;  Boyd,  a  few  otiiers  and  myself, 
reviewed  the  causes  of  our  disaster;  Ills  there- 
fbre  in  my  power,  so  far  as  my  alilllties  wlH 
^rmlt,  to  give  you,  a  tolerabk;  notion  of  th« 
l^e|^     Cape  Blamond,  aearly  resembles  the 

♦This  was  ^^tnyfpiend'Cefl.  Thomas C«mpbell  ^ 
Yt)rk,  (Penn.)  ii|HWsa€ghtkg  tbeibatkles  df  o«u:tilii»> 
ttyatMstoa,  %    t 


128 


«reat  JulUag  roek»  v)ii«li  is  in  the  nat^ro^ivs  ftt 
Hunlei!*8  falftty  on  the  Busquehannn.  The  rock» 
ftt  the  latter  iilaee*  shoots  but  as  Steepler  as  that 
1^  (t<i^hec»  but  h^  no  mean  ibrms  so  arreat  an 
angle^  on  the  margin  of  the  river ;  but  is  more 
eragg^.  There  is  a  stronger  and  more  obvious 
differenee  in, the  comparison.  When  you  sur- 
ipount  the  hill  at  St.  CbarleSf  or  the  St.  Law- 
rence sidcf  whieh»  to  the  eye  are  equally  high 
and  steep,  you  find  on  Abraham's  Plains,  and 
upon  an  extensive  champaign  country.^  They 
birds-eye  view  around  Quebec,  bears  a  striliing 
CfHiformity  to  the  soites  of  Northumberland'  ana 
Pittsburgh  in  Pennsylvania  f  but  the  former  is  on 
a  ufeore  gigantie  scale,  and  each  of  the  latter 
"Virant  the  steepness  and  craggyness  of  the.back 
ground,  and  a  depth  of  rivers.  This  detail,  is 
to  instruct  you  in  the  geographical  situation  of 
Quebec,  and  for  the  sole  purpose  of  explaining 
the  mannipr  Qf  general  Montgomery's  death,  and 
the  reasons  of  our  failure.  From  Wolf's  cove^ 
there  is  a  good  beaehf  down  to,  and  arouni) 
f*  Cape  Diamond."  The  bulwarks  of  the  city, 
eame  to  the  edge  of  the  hill,  above  that  place. 
Thehee  down  the  side  of  the  precipice,  slanting- 
ly to  the  brink  of  the  river^  there  was  a  stock- 
ade of  strong  posts,  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  high,, 
knit  together  by  a  stout  railii%,  ist  bottom  and 
top  with  pins.  This  was  no  mean  defence,  and 
was  at  the  distance  of  one  hundi*ed  yards,  from 
the^  point  of  the  rock.  Within  this  palisade^ 
and  at  a  few  yards  from  the  very  point  itself» 
there  was  a  like  palisade,  though  it  did  hot  run 
so  high  up  the  hill.  Again,  within  Cape  IHaniond^ 
and  pmJiably  at  a  ilistance  of  fifj^  yards,  there- 
st«M»d  a  block-house,  which  seei|mUi  take  up  t1t« 
spaoe>  between  tha  foot  of  the  hn>  and  tlieprcif*' 


I 


129 

eipitotti  btmk  «f  "^  «4f«p9  ^^^^^  ^  ektiy^fi 
•r  patsage  fiii«eii«ii  tide  ^f  It.  When  lieightna 
and  dittomet  are  itj^^  ^t,  fon  must  veco^ 
leety  that  the  deMrkitioli  «»f  Cape  Iliamend  and 
itt  rfcMtj)  Ib  meireiy  that  af  th«  eye»  made  as 
it  nme  ruDBitiffy  aader  the  fn9|ieetiaii  of  an  ofll-* 
e0P.'  The  remv  af  the  groaad,  efa>  anav  had 
aeted  apan»  itm  aeeorded  u«f  as  a  {mrtiealaif 
fator.  Kwem  to  ha^e  tteiiped  Hie  spaeea  in  i£ 
foraial  laaaRer,  wou^M  hate  been  diahonoraUe^ 
if  Bot  a  V  speeies  of  treawn.  A  Mdek-hoose^ 
if  well  eonB^^oted)  la  an  admiriMe  melted  of 
defenoe,  whieli  la  the  proeeBs  af  ^he  wai^f  to 
our  aatt^  was  fulfyexpeHeneed.  la  tilie  inBtavree 
■ow  hefdve  UBy  (tlieagh  the  heuBe  was  aet  built 
apan  die  most  appraved  pi^efpleB^)  yet  it  was  a 
formidable  object.  It  was  a  square  of  perliapB 
forty  ar  fifty  feet.  The  lar^e  legs  neatly  flqaar- 
edv  were  ^htly  bouad  together^  bydoTe-tail 
work.  If  4iot  maeh  iniBtakieny  the  lower  Btoiy 
contaiaed  loop-lioleB  Ibr  mifBketry»  bo  narrowi 
that  those  within,  eould  not  be  harmed  froiii 
wtthout.  The  upper  Btonr,  had  four  or  more 
port  hoieBy  for  aannoa  of  a  large  eidibre.  Thescf 
gunr^vrereehaxgeA  with  grape  ar  eaonlster  shotj^. 
and  were  pointed  wiili  exactness  towards  Ihei 
aVeanef  at  €i^  )>iamond.  The  hero  Hfontgo-^ 
mer^  eaine.  The  drowsy  or  drunken  guard/ 
d^  not  hear  the  sawing  of  the  posts  of  the  filrsft 
palisade.  Here,  if  not  ^ery  erroneouB,  Ibir  postij 
were  BaWed  and  thrown  aside,  bo  as  to  adtnit 
four  men  abreast.  The  column  eatei^ed  with  a 
manly  fbrtitude.  Montgonieryy  aeeomfMinled  bf 
hisaidB^  M^'^erBon  and  CheesemanV  advanoew 
kl  front.  Arriving  at  the  seeoifd  paln(ade>  the 
gipneral,  with  ^  aiim  ^imd^y  "itiwed  deF#ii  t^ 
of  the  pieketSf   m  Bueh  a  manner^  aafi  iidiuit 


't^ 


130 

two  men  abreast.  '  Theie  sawed  piekeU»  were 
close  und^r  the  |iill»  and  but  a  few  yards  from 
the  very  point  of  the  roek»  out  of  the  yiew  and 
:fire  of  the  enemy*  firom  the  bloek^house.  Until 
our  troops  adraneed  to  the  point»  no  harm  eould 
ensue*  but  by  stones  thrown  from  above.  Even 
now*  there  bad  been  but  an  imperlbet:  jfiseovety 
of  the  advancing  of  an  enemy*  and  that  only  by 
the  intoxicated  guard.  The  guard  fled*  the  gen- 
eral advanced  a  few  paces.  A  drunken  sailor 
returned  to  his  gun*  swearing  be  would  not 
forsake  it  while  undischarged.  This  fact  is  re* 
lated  from  the  testimony  of  the  guard  on  the 
morning  of  our  capture*  sonie  of  those  sail-^ 
ors  hc^  our  guard.  Applying  the  match*  this 
single  dasehare*  deprived  us  of  our  exeellenti 
commander.''^ 

Examining  the  spot*  the  oflleer  who  escorted 
un*  prolbssing  to  be  one  of  those»  who  first  came 
to  the  place,  after  the  death  of  the  general^ 
showed  the  position  in  whith  the  genenu's  body, 
was  found.  It  lay  two  paces  from  the  brink  <» 
the  river*  on  the  back,  the  arms  extended-^ 
Cheeseman  lay  on  the  iSft*  and  M«Pherson  on* 
the  right*  in  a  triangular  position.  Two  other 
brave  men  lay  near  them.  The  ground  above 
described*  was  visited  by  an  in^isitive  eye*  so: 
^at  you  may  rely  with  some  implicitness*  on 
the  truth  of  the  fietim.  J^s  all  danger  fVom^ 
without  hi^d  vaaiwdf  tW  iiii^^ 
only  permiltfNl  the  mmttrtid  pdliNesi  to  re-l 
main*  witjbout  |N»i#!»iMi|»  eael^sure*  but  the^ 
very  stieks*  sawod  by  tWe  hanJI  ^f  our  eiiHnman*: 
der*  itiHI  htaji  s||N|Md  alwt  the  ^ot.      %       # 

^fiilmt^mmil'^    appdkd  fty .  the  death  ot: 
the  jQfliypli:^  j^^  from  Cape- 


,11 


'U^    ,<H^-;'.- %^^:<v*#t'^*:l 


'*- 


vrtv 
from 
w  and 
Until 
eould 
Even 
jovety 

ily  by 
e  gen- 
sallor 
d  not 
is  re- 
in the 
sailn 

,  m% 

ellenli 

)orled 
eame 
Qeraly 
1  body. 
inlL  of 
ded— - 
(on  on* 
otlier 
above 

l^e^   SO: 

BSf  on 

iVdniv 

tdnc^ 

to",  re-?. 

ittho' 

unniui- 

'j^  :;■     V,-'  -I  ' 

iOiof; 


l*K- 


m 

IMamond,  out  of  the  reaoh  of  the  eannbn  ioif^Uie 
bioek-housey  and  pretendedly  called  a  eoumil 
of  offieersy  who,  it  was  sald»  jiistifled  his  reeed- 
ing  from  the  attaelc.  If  roshbig  on,  as  military 
duty  required,  and  a  brave  man  woold  have 
done,  ^e  bloek-house  might  hate  been  oeoupied 
by  a  small  number,  and  was  anassailable  from 
without,  but  by  eannon.  From  the  bloek-house 
to  the  eentre  of  the  lower  town,  where  we 
were,  there  was  no  obstaele  to  impede  a  foree 
so  powerful,  as  that  under  eolonel  Campbell. 

Cowardiee,  or  a  want  of  good  will  towards 
our  cause,  left  us  to  our  nSserable  Ihte.  A 
junction,  though  we  might  not  eonquer  the  for^ 
tress,  would  enable  us  to  make  an'  honorable 
retreat,  though  with  the  loss  of  many  valuable 
lives.  Campbell,  who  was  ever  after  eonnkler- 
ed  as  a  poltroon  in  grain,  retreated,  leaving  the 
bodies  of  the  general,  M^l^erson  and  Cheese- 
man,  to  be  devoured  by  the  dogs.  The  disgust 
caused  among  us,  as  to  Cam^U,  was  so  grcAt 
as  to  create  the  unchristian  wish,  tliat  heimght 
be  hanged.  In  that  desultory  period,  though^he 
was  tried,  he  was  acquitted ;  that  was  also  the 
case  of  colonel  £nos,  who  deserted  us  on  the 
Kennebec.  There  never  were  two  men  mor# 
worthy  of  punishment  of  the  most  exemplary 
kind.   '  :;v', 

On  the  third  or>  fourth  of  January,  being  as 
it  were  domesticated  in  the  sergeant's  megs,  ia 
the  regMUers,  a  file  of  men  headed  by  an  officer^ 
called  to  conduct  me  to  the  seminary.  Adher- 
ing to  the  advice  of  colonel  M^Dougal,  the  in-^ 
vitation  was  declined,  t«  *igh  the  hero  Morgan, 
had  s^icited  this  grace  from  governor  Carle- 
t^fi*  and  had  sent  me  a  kind  and  pressing  pesi^. 
sage.  My  reasons,  which  were  explained  to 
Morgan^  In  addition  to  the  one  already  glTcn, 


138 


offtcfttted  i^vciblpr  on  my  mind.  Hatiag  Im. 
Ml  my.  «i9th«i  m  Ihe  wilderaeM»  e«e^  th»M 
im  my  h^tkt  and  thflwe  aeqiiiired  bjr  ilie  pm- 
yiA»n$,  and  ^ealiiltiMifr  flfiril  ol  general  Maot^ 
gaBilei7»  iMiirHig  remained  at  aur  %iiarter8»  and 
ba^me  a  prey  lo  tita  wamaa  add  mvalidf 
9€  tKa  lurwjr :  aolhlag  veuiaiaad  Uttlag  me  ie 
anp^ar  in  campaior  anywhere,  JUIdUiwuillyy 
ii  had  beeomie  a  rc^ttlio%  lilien  leaving  Lan* 
easteri.  as  my  absenaa  urovU  gso  near  to  break 
tbe  hearts  of  mjr  patenter  aavieff  ta  bteafc  upoa 
my  worthy  fhrnr^i  paflrsew  Dire  nee^aaky  earn- 
felled  me  i^  rea^iad  Ihle  retolwtianln  paati,  in  the 
iKttdetiiefSft  hoi  that  eirenmslaaaep  made  me 
tha  mate  ffeterattned  to  adtarer  to  tha  resalire 
aClarliiarda,  Agaloi.  wt^:  intianate  friends  were 
not  m  the  eemiiMiry.  Steele  Wae  la  lUe  haspl^ 
tely  and  SimpeoDy  1^  pr^iaue  emnniimd  an  the 
f^tonniaglsleof  CM9an«9  whieh»„ft^nAM8  frnHr« 
falaasA  mdf  became^  as  it  were^  ear  stoae-houae** 
Add  ta  all.  these  reasons  $  it  eoald  n^  he  sidd 
%i  the  gentf  emeni  in  the  Seminary  ^  they  are 
m^  wtimates^*'  exeept  as  la  eaflain  Morgan^ 
and  hbutenant  F.  Nmhids  of  Bbndriek's^  Bed- 
sides my  leather  smaH-etolhesy  aM  im  tHtters> 
IM  been  east  away^  and  a  imvage  aavering 
ad^ed^  antil  more  anspieiovs  times  eame.  But 
eren  nowy  an  idea  of  eseape  and  vengeanee  in^ 
flamed  the  hreaats  of  maayf  and  We  were  here 
hi  a  maeh  aiq^rior  situation  Ihr  saeh  a  purpase^ 
than  that  of  the  seaiiEiary*  Mkire  aC  this  here-* 
aflei^*  AU  t^ae  ^ts  and  oireumstanee8»  in-* 
dujced  an  evasion  of  the  Mendlji^  salieitatlon  of 
tli^  hind-hearted  Morgan, 

Qti  tlie  thM  day  of  oiir  eiq^tmpey  the  generaae 
Carletan  despaldhed  a  flag  to  J^mM^  to  ohtap 


♦  fiee  ^oti^  X» 


133 

What  trilling  baggage  we  had  left  at  our  quar- 
ters; mine  UFas  either  forgotten,  or  miseraUe  M 
It  1va«9  bad  been  plundered ;  but  as  gm»d  luck 
iirould  have  it,  the  knapsack  of  of  onrlLlexaii- 
der  Nelson  of  our  company,  who  wfts  killed  when 
running  to  the  first  barrier,  was  disclaimed  by 
1^1  of  our  nken.  Yoiir  father  in  oonsefiuenee, 
liliid  violent  hands*  upon  the  spoil.  It  furnished 
Bo^d  und  myself,  with  a  large,  but  coarse  blue 
lil^nketi  /called  a  «^  strong"  and  a  drummer^s 
regimental  coat.  The  blanket  became  a  real 
comfort,  the  coat  an  article  of  barter.  It  was 
on  this  day,  that  my  heart  was  ready  to  burst 
"With  grief,  at  viewtOg  the  funeral  of  our  belov- 
ed generaH.  Carieton  had,  in  our  former  wars 
with  the  French,  been  the  friend  and  fellow- 
soldier  of  Montgomery.  Though  political  opin- 
ion^ perhaps  ambition  or  interest,  had  thrown 
these  worlfaies,  on  different  sides  of  the -great 
question,  yet  the  former,  could  tiot  but  honor 
the  remains  of  his  quondam  friend:  About  noon, 
the  procession  passed  our  quarters.  It  was  most 
solemn.  The  eofiln  covered  with  a  pall,  sur- 
mounted by  transverse  swords — was  borne  by 
men.  The  regular  troops,  particularly  that 
fine  body  of  men,  the  seventh  regiment,  with 
reversed  armis,  and  scarfs  on  the  left  elbow,  ac- 
companied the  corpse  to  the  grave.  The  funerals 
of  the  other  officers,  both  friends  and  enemies, 
were  performed  this  day.  From  many  of  us, 
it  drew  tears  of  affection  for  the  defuiict,  and 
s|i>eakingfor  myself,  tears  of  greeting  and  thank- 
fulness, towards  general  Caripton.  The  soldie- 
ry and  inhabitniits,  appeared  affected  by  the 
16si3  of  this  invaluable  man,  though  he  was  their 
enemy.  If  such  men  as  Wnsbington,  Carieton 
and  Montgomery,   had  had  the  entire  direction 

M 


i]^a9  (if  TO,  w«mW  l<|ok,)  i<9.  a.  mpP9  difi(« 
s:<^al^4)jf  oiw^  arjftei?  w  iifteri^  pft9«^  qui?  Awdf 

s^^j^  til,  1^%  |C||^tjbie?ii  luen*  nm^i^    ofopiifteA 

]^lt>  i$^;0ii  qtjii^  ^^fr^T^^ifi  wm  ei^tei»4^ 
|^on4  tisf  hei4,  as.  If  iii  tip©  a»t  «rf  imS'^^9'  »^ 
.<in^^  kaei^  cropl^  a^A  ws^  sisefliiogly^  vwhiwi 
lif  l9^  g^so^d  i|^  t|i(e  agpaies  9$  deatjh.,  Curup 
«ya^^^9^ '  eivtt  wars  mHeh  exjUm^sh  tfce  sopi^ 
%^es.  pI  i^aal^ind^  ^4  apif|ili^i|ii^  ||ie  9trpDg|(|| 
^na^aast  A  4^oA  af  tear«  iray,  epiiA^qxiept, 
^^Qiigh  I^ipntgoiQ^ry  wat  Im^ipi^  kei^aan^.  p( 
fc^,  n9ui^iifi.«is  of^9lvlii^l|o^.]|i^^f^aM«il9^ 
'  0f  ]ii$uiii^r#,|,  K^  mf  ttanii^^si  flw? 

(|.  si^iiie  aii^f^%  q^Uli^fib  iwwd  «iB^i#y  foi: 
(p^  eqdunia^ei^  we  u^rweajt  ia  <M>i||tt||<^PDii 
yi^mk  «afprced.  maay  a  t^ai?;  stSU  «I3[  ^wtajW* 
imb4  lost  bretUreni^  tbpMgfi  in  ham|de  sftatfom 

9^i  ti^Qm  wh^m  eam^  oiapy  atj^njUofis  tawai?d% 
*  m^^  fp^d,  iaeJl9Qi^4y  spiiiiatipii^    Ffpm  wh»)( 


135 


htiad  relative  to  t^e  **  Beftd-lNrale^*^  jrt^Q  tnlgb^ 
eoBcliide  that  genehil  Carkion  ymt  lti£aiikaikfe  ^ 
liard^hearted.  No  such  thiiigf.  lit  thiii  ikbrthertt 
iatftiidey  at  this  seaiou  of  the  y^ir^  acttsdrding  to 
iiiyf<Beliog8j  (wehadi|otkeriiioinetei^9)ilr(  wea- 
tlieir  ^'aa  so  cold,  at  liftnally  to  be  iiiaii|^^  degr^ea 
below  o»  A  iroundy  if  tnortal»  or  eireti  otb^)^'*^ 
wkef  cas^  tbe  party  WotiMed  Into  tbe  soow  i  if 
dc^b  sbouM  M16w»  it  ilirdwil  tbe  \ibfibi^)r  iatii 
taiioUB  ttttitiide|»  i^llleb  ai^  ia^siifilk^  iii  th6  eit- 
tretiie  ^in  at^oiri^nyin^  deiktb.  The  mo^etit 
death  t<bi^^  plaee^  the  froii  Ites  thie  tiMibt  hi 
^kat^T«He^  rilttati<im  Ukei  m  l|iiktn>^^^  be; 

aM  irbitll  eiintiot  be  Sr^Aii^^  lb  idbeidat  6Mktr 
iiidmh^#  al^  tbk^vte^;  Ih  this  ^ii^/ the  bddleil 
^tlie  ^in^#e  dep6$ited  In  tho  <«  ^d-jh^use,^* 
imr^  a»  i^.  ^t  this  t^a^  ^  the  vetth  th«^ 
eaim  In  friiae^  from  two  to  fire  "MH  ie^pf  Im* 
fieaetn^le  td  ttie  beat  i^ek-ate,  in  ih^  bauds  dt 
IhD  ^toitteisi  maiif^    111^1%  Wi^  itdlj  |^  ai 

juytiHealio^  of  th^  ^<d(id^M^X  It  ik  H^ 
iie w  obserf  alioii,  <<  t^  eiimk^  Bi*itt  th^  liiaii-^ 
^<  neriabihftbitudes  of  the  ^i^^.*^ 

On  the  h<Bxt  day,  (JTailiBirif  4th^)  we  W^  tis- 
lied  by  c^ohel  fSbellsiiiii  an  ^Id  miav  attend^ 
bjT  other  otieersj  ibr  k  j^eliHa^^ui^s^^  Oibt  iS|: 
to  aseertahi  who  an^iig  its  wef^  b^ni  iii  £aro(i^* 
Vft  bad  tnai^  Iri^hmeii,  and  some  Biglishiiieil:^ 
The  question  was  pat  to  eateh;  those  who  adi^^ 
mitted  i^  British  birth,  were  told  they  miA 
serve  hHi  majesty  ia  eoloael  MadleWs  visp 
meat,  a  Mew  eolps,  eilled  the  c<eiiiigi*anis.^^ 
Oar  poor  fellowsriinder  th^  fbarfitl  pi^hiHy  d? 
b^iAg  earried  to  Brill^iil,  th^^  to  be  tried  toff 
treasoO^  were  oompelled  by  nfeceddty^  and  ihail^' 
Of  them  did  enlist.,  l^wo  of  theb,  tei^  braVe 
]iien>  Edward  Cavenaugh  and  Timothy  Connerj^ 


ia6 


deservfi  to  be  named^  iMaiiii^  of  a  pattioulaF  oc- 
currepjbe  whiok  hap|K;ied  sliotrtly  Afterwards  t 
'jChetie  Xw(^  niiei^  aiQio^giO^e^s,.  called  upon  ipc 
tbiv  m j^4i^vlei^  b<^'  ita  iie<.|  Sidings  at  that  ihu^j 
neiUieJI^a  la^j«ir  liidi*  a  catui^t^  tliey  liad  my  opl-r 
nio^  a!9C9;rdiQg  to  tile  dmtates  of  natiiiref  aikj 
spnikesii^t  readitig.  'Jt'liai  4li»  tl|kt  t^ 
enlist,,  for  a.caaatrainiE^^^B^tt;  ji^  Ibe^  ^piilid 
ne>  :COuld  not  be  Ibindi^g  ^  |h¥  eoiiipcieiice :  ii^nd 
&jr;  alLjaeans  to  join  our  arSd^  Is  jmvo^  fl^^ 
^al^e^  1(licy  enlisted  uni^jti^nptl^  that 
tie  ;path  was  |um-ob)lgal^i^»  and  a  Iw^e  of  a 
spjBeily  rf^tiirn  to  tlieir  sweet-liearts  and  wiyes, 
AIioii^  m^  l^r^  to  i^ec^iit»  by  j^ 
the  rendue  of  die  adventures  of  ><  honest  If  <ed«?' 
I^  is  dii^  ^l»  lim,^  i^  he'  sayed  Hw  i^ 
tBat  o^  Stnipson^  on  the  <<fiiead  rtrer«*v  T%i 
wards  the  ^mot  January,  Caveaaugh  and  €oii^ 
ner,  hi^pened  to  eompose  a  part  of  the  same 
guikrd  at  Palace-gate»  whj^re  the  walls  are  from 
Siirty  to  forty  feet  li]gti,i .  independently  of  the 
deeliyity.  of.  the  hill,  va^yenaugh  was  stationed" 
as  a  sentry  ifi  eoi\||inctioil:^yith  ope  of  the  Bri- 
tisl|  pa;!|y« ,  Coiuier  had  .prooi^red  a  bottle  of 
tuin  f^  eomjii^  tp  the  s^^n*  he  drtink  himselfV 
a|id^  pf«s^nt^d  tl^e  bpt^^e  to  t^i^  Briti^li:  sentry^ 
WluWtbi^lat^rw^^  act  of  drinking,  Cai 

yrehaiigh  gay^r  I'i'n  a  push  with  the  butt  of  his 
musli^t,  wiiich^  stunned  and  hrpught  him  to  the 
earth.  Takiiighis  arm s^  they  sprung  over  the 
wailintp  a  bed  of  snow^  perhaps  twenty  five  feet 
d«|p«  Tliis  averment  epneerning  the  depth  of 
t^  Slip w»  may  appear  probiematical^  as  we  know 
Dp^^itn^  like  it  ifi  our  climate,  l^^orm  np  defini-: 
tive.  ui>ip4pn  until .  you  have ,  heard  the  reasons, 
wl^y  it. does  happen.    As  you;  may  reeoSiect 


137 


fiti-  - 


■5'.' 


„iwv^p-. 


.d 


s^^etifd  iHiiwideftiii  thislinemoiiry  where  the  ai- 
p«Hj^i>  cd^  M  Ij^uetlee  ww^  is  intiHiatecH  and  ,m 
<te|N3[i9q^oil  of  ite  el&etf  atienipted---such  as  fci^^ 
f  iieBti  annw-ifti^nis  ism^  fierce  Mods.  In  the  r 
]|Miith^0C:^aouaifyy  pftrtiiiuIaHy»  when  the  snow 
luii^inia*fiuied  toi  a;depCh  of  seve  feet  t^er  thr 
^f  j^i^  ih^:  eipntr^i  neitwltbstandiiig  the  s^juiin|^ 
(HT^ihe^Jiiiil^l^  ooldls io  greatf  that  thosie  wladar 
^IxTit ^e^silfl^.daily^  ;ag»iast  tlie  high  raiit^i|(.»' 
of  theibil^r  where  k  forms  i^  eompfict  mass^-^cr 
last  «tr«tam  beini;  llighi  and  dry»  as  th^'^^fin^l 
sandr  which  iiia^  be  whirled  by  the  wind.  Cmii^ 
ilsi^]§\$k«^^  ^^^  into  suoK  a 

mik  bti4»r  3^ir  disfidv^tage  Qonusted  ii|  sisk** 
in^^ifi^  4<^{}|^0ijbe  hei^hth  of  the  jN»^^  ^ongingp 
tl^lsi  defepfn"  (iiaa  #rdiiiai^  wdking  would  4(i^ 
made  it^iffieiiltfbi^  Iheiato  extricate  thenMelteiu 
She  netief^guard  cuitie  in  tiiae  to  give  them  » 
T^Uey,  :as  they  were  scampering  a  wily.  Th|^iil(« 
$ft  Ccc^y  my  worthy  Irishmen  escaped  iuih^rn|e4»: 
^hpiighafilhejr  passed  through  St.  9<»^e^  tlbi^ 
iKere  -  c^mldtfiienled  by  several  disehai^s  0i 
eannister  ^nd  grape-shot,  l^his  was  th^  fy^ 
notice  we  had  of  the  escape  of  our  daring  ^ieiMli,^ 
We  ineard  next  mornings  i^  the  miioiiitise  tfom 
those;  who  guarded  us.^  Caven^ugh  isi  still  ali«e-4^ 
is  lab^ptpu#>  ami  has  a  lai^  fiMpI^  of  ehildreilj^  ^\ 
who  are  resp«tetable  in, their  in^ay*  Yoiit eanil^ " 
eoaceive  theJc^ousnessof:my  b^f^t*  when.h<sar-> 
ing  of  hita«  in  nay  peregpihatfwBs-  a  tjQiwj^ara 
fiance,  in  the  niountainoul  partt  of  ITiiA^if^^^ 
The  pittance  then  spared  hin»»  it  is  hoped  will 
^ake  you  nerer  the  poorer.  The  ^assembly 
jiNT  Peiinsylvania  have  granted,  him^  a  peniiom. 
for  iwhiipfc:  tliat  hoo»r$ti>le  ihody Jiave-  i»y  jnoH 
fervent,  falessii^*  Old  age  and  decrepitude^  b^ 
ik^i  ^xtrei»it^  of  our.  iiil^riiipiis  br^ligb^  !^^ 


,.*-.>- 


*v  .    Ml 


m 


tuns.    We  levted  our  «o»Mti7'4Ui)ifully^'iMB^ 
tlilUatd  dajF,  it  u  raallj  fMiaiiA  td  olit^vyv^^^^ 
sf^flt  mf  the  publie*  liielmd  to  fi9iflipeiiMit#  th^ 
wtfmni  of  ma  and  19^76^  /$k  jiMieli^r^^^^ 

lervior  <<  Honest  Ned,*^  irWefe  epUbel  lie  Mm 
mnmkghU  w^Agkbomh  hf  viitf^  baliiif  ^sg 
t  Tiee^  beK|  eite^ed,  TlmoU^  Qmmm^mm 
tile  foirtrarf ,  peeiee(^  the  ett  ^  aefuiHnl^ 
Afei^tliy  mat pM>  Mi  Ik  eomjpeteiMiVy  bet  !#•€'  it 
ittjbeeqkieet^  byt  hi«  fk»e%»  |K|iioh  bo 
atfteif^togrmeriiolfliilii}^   ii  . .    .  -    v 

aV%  tbe  middle  of  Jenmii^^  we  wete^  «etae# 
dee»  iiitio  |iil|it&  toinetbiRg  like  bousebeld  er^ 
#y ;  tbe^  1^  eoi44  eeoAooiie^ftredii^efiibiji 
VpMi^r^f iie)^  Ihejf^  eoi^ld  bete  aeed  ttiore^  Cl«# 
dttilj  fii^sioo  eonfisted  #f  e  blieiiit  tnede  ef  « 
eo'4f  se  nietil,  fiNiee  eoeMBtbiBip  jUie  our  ebep^i 
9^1  v^ery  ^dtee  ebeflT  ^  eiravPr  belf  en  fneb  In 
len{{tbi  we$^  i'oend  m  tkWtpe^tef  bread.  A 
IfjbieliitN^  Ibe  ftiaie  of  a  eake  of  gingepbfeadi 
mmyf^  w^  wilb  ue  fot  ae^t,  wee  tbe  iMly  allew^ 
liliiol^tbieartkile:  half  a  fieuad  ef  frnkw  w 
^a|^e  %ita»ter»  of  a  fiotfnd  of  beei;  Ihoiigb  theee 
ymm  epofa  saltedi  even  m  as  te^  be  uneomfiii.  t»- 
bldH-^ttey  were  of  Irish  prepa#allottf  feiribape  i<utr 
tbe^i^a^i^vioe :  aoomp^ent  ailowenee  of  b«lter> 
Of iginelly  incf  yet  now  raneld  fveandks^  molas^^. 
8i8»  and  eten  vint^^  :-«4bie  last  jarUelOy  so  lenf|! 
as  it  could  be  amrded  nSf  was  a  preservative 
i^ieei  the  disorders  whieb  nnwi^ingly  we  were 
llhbibin^  daily.  Knowing  the  diffienltiee  nnder 
>^li^  me  garrison  laj*»-foes  at  tbD  gales,  and 

nneerlainty  of  sneeouri  the  gofernor  wim 
tht  of ^  hyvmi  with  sii^ar  alMWaiees^  that 
_^  I'to  be  made  to  our  own- genen^,  in  eir* 
il&titia0e0  ef  emii  ftaoMog  neeess^f*^^   Frsm 


i3« 


•i  *'  •* 


all^iafoniisttai  «ttaiiilM»  #ii  mir  part,  we*  ineiift 
M  vWell  tffeaieil  at  ^iom  of  tbe  garriMi%  wii« 
lh«d!a»i)i6  sakne  kMs:  of  food,  execfit  «i  to 
l^joaiV  iHiMi^  deprivalkMi'  was  ^  more  mae^eial 
UuM  iii|«iiMMi  to  our  men.  *  K  Is  graiefal  to.  mjp 
hmfftflMimtm  romember  aad  repeal^ilie  benero^ 
lenl  MMitiiiiir  tbii  nilldiketi  aM  littliiatiUy  cftf4 
«le44»'ttj^«iiM^irard»*tiif  virti^  wvAnM 

Wm waAtttitapMe €arletoii»  He  was  a  getttttim 
tepMretenlaHveei^tllOfeiitilily  oftlii^irhh  i»atioil# 
wbiiek  ia«ii#4iite#itedl/  Unioita  for  (li#  prtidae*^ 
Mmof  TiMl  lieroiee,^^rilillo>  statesBieniy  andlr 
gea^poolty  «iid'tiiaAPl)y/ef  aiaaitere*  ?rHe  wat  of 
gee^tvoiuidoorr  apr^^aew  amdk  k^iit  fall 

of  the  #iri«  of ^  fihiloRdiiiofy,!  oriidl^i  tiiark«  tko 
ioal?||;*iUie«iaiu  <'  11^  nad^  ob>  levcral  vlrits^  m 
iM  of  filileliilM5^«e»ae4r  laeii^^  o  ioliol^ 

taie  ftr  oar  ^  ^w^ftire$t%Hlio«l  airy ^liQlster  tie W| 
ittt^U  ao  a  aedoetioiK  from  our  |irki(^piea»  &e« 
limDiegranted  is  eveqr  abcdmnsoi^ltoAy  his 
trjfittg  eitoalion  a«tborized»  ih%m  ean  be  no 
iloubt.  Bborlfy  alltr  die  time  now  spoken  of» 
wo  were  coi^iieied  to  the  Daopiiin  Jail.  Before 
we  quit  tboreguUeri^  adaiiit  nie^tol^tajfe  to  yon 
iiMnetliiog' more»  relatsi^'to  oar  miimier  tof  m^ 
io^  tberei  OMfy  ryoatkfi^  appiedle  reoaired  and 
demiadeda  gi«ftCer  ^OiKily  of  J»oa  tbati  wo 
then  eajoyedk  We  wanted  ifN>ont»  Jt6t  oidjr  io 
Our  own  oieit^  liiil  tliroiii^oiH  ^e  whole  eorpel 
3^iere  was  no  moot^  amoii^  tie  to  |ii»«ehajie  saeli 
Hff  Unplemeatt  oiid  if  tborohad  beetv  aaid  ojppor# 
t««%  hod  oiRired^  it  it  likel,T  tlie  jeaioosgr  of  ^ 
ooramentt  wi^sld  hate  deprived  oe  ofthenirif 
ibrmed  of  motaiofai^'ldnd;  ^^  c  a 

:l^lie  ila^r  being  wt  ttie mdoa^ng  m  eord  if 
llrood^  a  mreli  Mleh^  the  eufy  pieee  of  Mivr^  wood 
hi  tile  loijdi^^ai  oogtMg^  laid  hofid^of^  aMtikopiio 


mj. 


was  8IKI0  fbrmeil  fdr>  my  «o^r.  uise.  hokmouHt 
niadle  a  part  of  oiirVdiunial  food.  TkM<4#Mit/ 
ihoud|i  Wllgar,  conveys  to  onet  who^  whev^luuB^ 

Si^^  ails**tiiiitod  thfi  dUh^  some  agreeable^  ideiMi; 
mong^oldierB  and  sailors  it  is  esteemed  equal 
t6'  ih^^  «<^^lia;«Fiodrida''  :df  tho^SfiafBaydSf  aa^l 
neai4;f  SO'  to  tbD  ;l«  speksk  and  oyer^f; lof  tliviGror*!^ 
maiii  y  it  id^^eertaiily  more  noarkliiag  ihan  wliai 
i&0v  latter  eiH<«ivsUer  spi^^^f  aaid  Aven  i^^n^al 
|ilfii|>'^  W«  plat  ottr^Ue  birouH-kito  Min  vessek 
#ttit  asufhn^lqiiantity  of  vMitev;  4adi  (lermil^ 
edit  to'steW'Oa  tirat  tttoife,  aafil  tliere  wasaiier^ 
Hbct  aiiK!si|agc^  some  thin  slkiesof  baeottiistr(tlifi 
r^sbrvlrW  tHe last  niealv)  wctre^  tliea  adfled^^f  oe 
i^me-  M 41hi  skiinmittgs  oft  tbe  iioHers^  but  inUisI 
»iiiiiUj^  tiieiaacirf  butter^  (wMehnrat thus  mado^ 
palatable  :J)  Iw^hea  these  swstanees  were  vcdi  in^ 
coi^miratea  with  Uie  bisoulti  a^few:spoonTfiiIls>of 
iiM^lasses  finished  the  dish*  This  was  the  ordi- 
nary breakfast^  and'a  good  one^' when  we  eould 
^on  it  into  our  mouths^  My  ^poon  therefore^ 
wa^  an  article  in  great  demands  and  of  prime 
neees^it^  The  prodmition  of  one  spoony  ereat-' 
eid  a  desire  for  more^ ;  they  were  maniifaetured 
in  ab^ifidaaoe^  by  ihp  meiliis  of  two  knives^-^a 
crefi^  aad  a  inlallf  but  always  disposed  of,  tor 
mseiilt.  Spoons  wer6  made  as  large  a»  «mall 
holies,  sbnie  wi^  a  deer  at  fuM  stretchy  a  hound 
fhiirsuihg^— an  Indian  sitting^--«  liea7er<-t^aAd 
|#en(y  other  defaces  were  inireiitefit  and  tolerably 
w^i  earved.  iScrnie^eame  to  five  biscii^  jmiM^ 
toten^  and  ohe  in  pavticukr  al  twenty^  wbidfe^ 
liiy  frieudfi,  thought  worthy  of  the  aeeeptance;^ 
Ihe  gawnmori  ftui  eare  wastlaken.  not  to  preip^ 
il4  ^BtK^rd'  iand  Cittnnlngliata ,  bai^fidly  luraMpiSI^ 
Mia  #»bd*:  ti'lttl»  ivt^iboiiU  jEj»st^l^tt|^^ 


t4 


J.  -1  -  "iM 

P--:-^>. 

i^# 

U-y-cf^ 

'^'XijIT 

WM"-  '  -■>       •■    v* 

>*.  •**^ 

r*  .->*"  . 

wP 

|l:>t 

'"^"T, 

our  slender  diet.  But  we  h^  other  reaourees^ 
w^j^li  were  hy  no  means  niBgleeted^  Henry 
Urone^  a  weU  bred  yoiii|g  fnaPf  descended  from 
a  w<irtliy  and  r^speeitable  ftimily  ofTprkooimty^' 
PenoyByivaiiiaf  ipiieb  my  rsliibr,  \mi  wNn  was 
kpbwn-  to  me  dutii^  bis  a|i^renLticfeship  at  Laa^ 
caster^  kad  difiiipated  agoM f^tttine  ^ the gam^ 
]nj^talile»;  ke  was  a  scfi^ilhit  of  fiendriek^* 
Miserable  as  was^  oar  predieameatr  the.  demon 
ojf  play  had  in^itd^  llsiBlf  among  as^  tkough 
there -was  neitkeir  ]q»#Q^.Bor  dotbingf  but  that 
upofi  our  baoks^  and  <mi?  dnity  tll*ovi^ions  to  9port 
^ith^.  fip^e^i^^  most  usu^ 

^ly  ataga«i«  ofid}ed^<<  ^1-fours/'  ii^^bi^h  Croa^ 
Va^  ^  reiib  adcfl.  JHe ;  ^as  a :  di^l  dbg,^ ,  ai|4 
Biimk  ineUped/to  pl^  with  and  beat  the  Yan-. 
^eeSj^  as  he  iermoA  them.    M  be*, 

ingeompelled  by  thelnelemeney  of  the  season^ 
to  leave  our  uneomfortable  bed,  paeing  the  ave- 
Dues  in  front  of  our  eells  for  exercise  and 
warmth,  drawing  aside  the  eurtaln  of  the  gambn 
ling  room  ^01*9  Which  Wfts  no  otlier  than  a 
thread-bare  blankelf  Cr<»ne  was  seen  aiid  lieard, 
with  bleared. ey^s  rand  a  voeifeiMius  yoiee,  after 
a  night's  sittings,  eoiitending  f^  a  biscuit,  with 
as  much  spirit  and; beat»|ftft  most  probably  to 
had  done  in  fpr mer  times  fbr  M^j  or  a  hundred 
dollars.  The  imssioniifgamiiigy  is  almost  an  in^ 
explicable  trait  in  the  huniap  charaetef,  the; 
poor,  the  Hch»  the  savage  and  the  eiviliped,  are 
e^Haiiy:  its  deiM>|«e8.r  .Thf}  greatiefl  and  the 
^st  are  alike  |iul^Cict|Ui -Hi  ^eii^oi^^^  €Fioa% 
poor  dog,  was^on^  of  theiJi^yqted.  >  •  i  It/ 
Montgoineryr  m  hi^  care  J^r  A?HOld*s.  |Mirty>: 
besides  an  exeeUeat  ^aakc^t  coat,  had  assigned 
to  each  man  a  new  rjed  regiuien^^aljcct^  of  tke 
aevfiii.tb^  ojT  some  other)  r^imeniilf  utatitned  iti 


142 

i}»  npipti*  eeuotry.  Thl»  islotliiiiff  bad  beeiir 
Mixed  at  Montreal.  Cr<m^»  in  tbe  a{Visoii>  had 
iired  well.  He  hmA  ob^ned  a  )al*ge  vupeirfiiiet 
broad-'daifb  eoat,  taefa  m  m  iv^ni  by  the  i^^^ge^-^ 
ant^DiaJiit*  ef  thib  BHthb  army^  wbkb  **  Iftted 
him  like  n  iihirt.'*  He  was  se  totally  devoid  t»f 
earer  t^at  he  never  enee  applied  tb  the  taylors 
of  ibearniyy  %he  Were  eiitpl«»yt$d  by  tb^  ^ubikv 
to  it  the  eoat  to  hk  baek^  and  to  ieW  tl>eM«^ 
Mrly.  VfhtH  W1M  still  ibolPeiaiighaMe,  liehatf 
ao  poekets  to  this  eOat,  ttttteis  y<M^  iiiay  tiaH  tbir 
ilaifael  suoh;  wbieh  Itic^riorly  Hoed'  m^  laptf 
petSf  and  bore  ^  aiilNBin^ 
dangling  about  his  bM#»  Grone  Wbs  raeett6us 
and  elever  I  lie  httd  ail  ai^tion  for  iiie%  OfteM 
ab<»iit  daylight  bte  wenld  eettn^  to  Ibl'blAnl^ll 
and  w^fcen  me^  an4  sb^ke  ^e  lii^t«  of  bit 
eoa^  He  would  nay  •<l>iAnitfe  jriiek»  bereft 
some  thing  fbr  yon,^*  and  WMld  ibree  apon  m^g 
len^  fifteen,  iind  severel  tinies^  even  thilrty  bls^ 
enits/  With  all  bis  vioe^  be  bore  a  gr^al  sbarif 
of  my  esteem,  fbr  tbe  goodness  or  bis  beiin;. 
When  ilMuek  oeettrie<l»  thef^  was  a  retundiiig 
on  my  part^  bat  it  sel^m  happeiied.  Oar  otber 
retfonree  was  William  MCoy,  a  sergeant  of 
Bittdrieks^g  a^  ekeelleni  eterk^  wlio  came  into^ 
Ikvdr  ^tbo  Governorf  by  givibg  to  m^or  mnt^ 
ray  of  the  garHson,  a  genniii^  eony  of  bis  jonm^ 
y  of  the  rente,  tbrongh  tbe  WildeHieiis  into  Ca^ 
nadak  He  was  a  sedate  and  senftibte  inaa.  He 
wai;  Installed  '<derk  ef  the  klteheni^  atfdl  put 
s^mueh  in  mkid  of  Gil  Blas^elerk«  The  eooky 
whom  M*Coy  ^rbttked^  Wait  H  Very  Bonifaee^ 
ki  i^ompllibm^ts  and  a  6a»eho  Fanssa  In  ro- 
inndlty.  He  M^s  of  Tlii^<^s  or  Dearborne*^ 
Of^pany.  Believe  me,  thM  tbei^e  two  men^  wei^ 
eoiirted  J^  oar  biit^l^  wi^«i  among  the^s<id«e'i^ 


143 

fllt«ii,  %ytoyhy^niiy»  ftt  would  kme  boen  the  oa«§ 
illld  Ihiiy  he^ii  ilie  iiini^tf^r*  ^  a  ^ijent  Etale^ 
Wliatoduklyoii  ^uppoM.to  lie  tbe  <4u<;et  qf  suob 
««rvUUy  ITaej^laiiH-'-The  bolHiig  iitep»Ui»  wer^ 
1,^0  viBqr,  luipgo  of^ppienu  A  bpilinc  pf  p«rk«  pr«N 
^iieeid j|  gretil  quiiqlitj  of  liquid  mt»  wliiph  tbo 
men  ealled  W)i^4^  Ilie  diiumdagi  cmslHuted 
the  impiertaiiee  of  Ibe  04)9k»,  wbo  luMe  a  proit 
&Qii^  ill  bjr  teUif^  it  to  oertaiii  tMeemen  <^ 
tjbe  City.  A  htit  »{|it  of  Itii^  doah*  w»»  a  «oo4 
9ii0ct^taieum  fpr  Qolteff:  food*  to  o^womoT  «ip 
^tj^nl  viem    it»  witb  the  molafli^cist  fpirnMNl  an 

e^l^ont;  l(ri)ie0i«o.  Qlei^inoos  inftttorr  jnexl 
tfi^  bireaf^  h  howeycprt  tbe  g?ea^  support  of  tbo 
^in^l  fuHjQtiont,  aiH)  ovon ,  sufperioir  to  brendt 
to  ftii«lftii>  Iift>  aikd  gratify,  tho  p«klatew  Horf 
yina  9ee^ei  veol  greiiiail  of  tbe  nmmB  of  distkie* 
tioii9  in  9o«My»  Tk^  ooob  ppft»e«s4og  tbis  pic^ 
^iiisl^o,  e^QWOO^od  bia  applie^^  f<^r  additionr 

«L  foods  with  «  ttfiwiiMiMltuJNie  a^stfjjpily*  A» 
to  <mr:  iWf«ji  it  vaA  8l;ropg  in  babit*  of  intini^y 
vrjibc  li<€oy»  li^lio  vvraa  ono  of  ti«*  The  oook 
'w^i'ar  bd^if  o«r  notieo*  J^ie»4  ftfeCoiy,  gar^ 
n»  eyery  adyaiito»p^  oiur  «»^Hooholyi  sMiiatloii 
af|b«rded.bi9l»  Tbi»  minute  ioforuimtion  is  glyen 
to  yoUf  to  inspiiWi  you  w4tb  a  di^sgu^t, .  tp w«#do 
vm  of  aoy^  btiHL  A«  tomy  sous*  if  th0ilibev<! 
tioa  of  oar  cowaify  e^er  be  inv^ideiil^  it  i?  bum-* 
biy  bc^dit  under  tbe  pvotec^ing;  l^#d  of  Frovi-^ 
deneo).  that  tbey  yiiitt  atiray^  be  ready  an4a^f 
tlfes>  tot  r^^y  round,  tte  st«^a?d  of  Creedopif 
i^  jNrineiple»;Of  which)!  we  deflved  firoai  ooi^ 
flur^tber^ft  wboae  blood  freely  flowed  bi  Ito 
de&oee* ;/ 

CofiKtag  t^  the  Bmi^iu  jailf  eseorted  by  ttie 
inillta^  we<  found  UiM^.aeepiiiaiodatediJBiir; 


144 


bur  Iddgment.  Tliere  vrefe  four  rooms  ip61ow9 
ami  as  nmny  above  stairsy  all  oapaoiout  and  welt 
supplied  with  births  or  bulks^  in  the  eommoii 
method  of  barraelES.  Our  eompany  taking  the 
righty  our  preeedenoy  in  the  procession  gave 
US)  assumed  the  possession  of  a  room^  in  the 
third  storyv  which  was  in  truth- the  very  best. 
Morgan's^  took  a  rboih  immediiately  below  us; 
Uendriok's  one  a<yoining:  but  rt»meihber)  that 
at  this  time»  we  were  redueed  most  lamlentably 
hy  kiHedf  wounded  and  missing.  Many  wercj  in 
the  hospital.  Out  of  sitty-five»  who  eame  on' 
Abraham's  Plains,  in  November^  we  had  soaree- 
ly  more  than  thirty,  l^ft  *  with  us  ia  prison.' 
The  fire  of  the  enemy  and  disease  had  so  thia* 
ned  us.  Morgan's  gallant  men  ikred  worse; 
like  the  eastern  people  before,  and  at  that  pe- 
riod, they  detested  the  introduction  of  the'  sikitiU 
pox  into  their  country^  by  inoculation.  Now  they 
were  its  victims.  '  Less  than  twenty-live  of  the 
privates  of  that  company,  regaiaed  their  native^ 
homes.  They  were  originally,  as  elegant  a  body 
of  meii,  as  ever  came  within  my  View.'i^  To  iisef 
the  style  of  my  friend  Simpson,  <«  they  were 
H  beautiful  boys,  who  knew  ko^yir  t^  handle^  and 
**  aim  the  rifle."  Indeed  many  of  them,-  adroit 
young  men,  courageous  and  thorough -igoing^  be- 
ciE^me  thi^  subjects  of  death,  by*  that  virulent  dis- 
ehse,  both  without  and  Within  the  city.  WOf 
of  Fcnikiylvaniat  had  no  fears  from  that  source.' 
This  iHsease  had  visited  us  in  youth,  either  na-' 
turally  or  by  innoculation.  This  observation, 
which  is  a  serious  one,  shoufd  convey  to  your 
Ininds,  the  imiiiensity  of  the  diseovery  of  the  In- 
noculation of  the  kine-i^uck,  by  doctor  Jenner, 
The  discotcry  o^  the  cNftuses^  of  iightning,  its 
direadf  ul  effects,  the  means  of  avokling  its  powbr^ 
♦  See  Note  XI. 


yei 
oui 

re^ 


1/:.^ 


welt 
imtiii 
gthc 

n  the 
best, 
nr  us; 
tliat 
itably 
»>€$  m 
ae  on 
laree^*' 
risofi^ 


rorsel 
ftt'pe- 
miAU 
irthey 
of  the 
Dative 
i  body 
?o  use' 
were 
bp  aod 
adroit 
ig^  be- 
vH  dk- 
We, 
otiree. 
er  na- 
^atioiiy 
^  youp 
the  in- 
Feiiriep, 
ng,  its 


145 


by  the  edebrated  Franklhif  oor  coaDti^imuiy 
isy  (as  it  eoneerns  the  happiness  of  wan,  spealL^^ 
Ing  diAdently»)  perhaps  inferior  in  importanee 
to  that  of  Jenner.  The  Jeanerian  diseoTenrv 
tends  to  save  the  lives  of  millionsf  the  Frank* 
Uaian  of  hundreds.  But  all  lovers  of  natural 
philosophy^  are '  eompellable  t»  aeknoaiedgey 
that  the  Identity  of  the  eleetrie  fluid,  obtained 
artifloiaUy,  with  that  of  the  elouds,  has  given 
a  wider  «eope  to  human  thought^  than  the  rff^ 
eenoy  of  the  Jennerian  diseovei^,  has  as  yeU 
afforded.  There  ean  be  little  doubt,  that  In  a 
^ueeession  of  years,  some  gigantie  geniuses  €ff 
the  medical  profession,  will  iiijiprove  and  extend 
the  beneflts  of  the  happy  disclosure. 

At  the  Dauphin  jailf  our  notions  of  escape 
were  strengthened.  The  prison  may  be  SOO 
yards  from  m.  John's  gate,  the  intervid  at  that 
time,  was  free  from  builflings.  From  without 
the  building  appeared  formidable.  The  courts 
yard,  was  very  eontraeted  for  so  large  a  housoy 
and  was  encompassed  by  a  strong  stone  waD,  at 
least  twenty  feet  high.  The  windows  and  doorii 
were  seemingly,  by  their  bars  impenetrablOb 
But  what  cannot  jpnen  of  true  spirit  effect,  whea 
made  the  subjects  of  oppression.  Opposite  to 
the  jail,  across  the  street  leading  to  St.  Johni^ 
gale,  at  a  distance  of  forty  yards,  there  stood 
a  house,,  whiefa  became  the  station  of  the  guard, 
who  so(ierititended  us.  lu  the  first  of  our  im* 
prlsonment,  we  were  attended  by  the  regular 
troops,  or  sailors,  who  were  embodied  by  go- 
vernment as  soldiers,  but  now,  tlie  guard  (as 
our  force  without  had  made  a  firm  stand,)  was 
re4>laced  by  the  militia,  who  were  the  most  in* 
ert  and  despicable  of  military  men.  The  sen^ 
tiries  were  stationed  on  the  outside  oftheiwilf^-^ 

N  .^ 


im 


,vf  >i«A  BO  ^ivltncsses  «f  ^t  etatect  \f  kMii»  vtb- 
^stpi  the  ettptain  ^f  Uie  pto%Q»i9,  vrho  did  n^  pry 
villi  »  Miipiciima  e^.  Qe  wa«  a  ffeoerMs  pA 
^p^B'hwrtJBi  tmmy^^^vA  na  guile  nlmsel&nar 
iwfiitfd  il  i0  Qtheinu  Tbe  prlncifial  defbnoe  om 
lOm  ddc  of  Uie  eily»  Atit  reipRrded  our  aUempI 
lilevclioBr  kyoitaiid  Bl^r  fit  Mui's  goto*  Tlio 
jguard  bemD  wot  mott  utiiiU^  eompoiea  of  tbit^j 
Mon^  of  tbe  regolor  froopa  or  aidlors.  Th^ 
woim  haTe  emu  us  a  boftlIe>  bot  of  a  eevtein* 
%»  we  ebottM  have  o^eiPfMwered  illeiti»  h^  tbe 
Iftme  itf  non^rsy  as  Moot  and  aa  able  l^died 
pen  aa  tbewoelTet^  whose  eourage  was  not  to 
|e  questionedy  thowh  there  was  a  ^rcat  dlfl^r- 
enee  in  the  oatttre  n^oor  rei^^peetive  arlot.  firnr* 
ii^  cxaidiQed  the ,  jiUl  earef «il;»  lis  imbeeility 
lo  re«lroin  11%  mia^  j^^reirt*  It  waa  an  old 
j^remdi  loildlBg  ift  the  PoBtile  «tyle.  The  walls^ 
<of  stoae^  and  more  thao  three  feel  fUek ;  were 
Irapeiietrsdble  bj  amy  of  oar  means.  Uneli  e^*- 
luninine  the  bars  of  the  windows^  indiieh  were 
xiriglaaTly  ill*eoa«trtieted«  mai^  were  found  so 
pueh  corroded^  as  id  move  up  aayd  dowa  io  the 
BoelKotft.  These  could  be  taken  oiat.  Tiie  ariiil- 
IMras  of  Governor  Ckrietoa^ft  vc%ii^  seoraed  nod 
io  feqtthre  a  strict  inspeetion  lalo  plaeea  of  this 
kind.  About  tfaiA  il?ae»  a  seleeteo  eouaeS  was 
kmUedr  V  of  whiejh^oar  fkther  had  the  honaff  to 
fte.  one»  iind  ki|0fel^  ootnposed  of  the  serge^ 
Wdts.     Theupromr  maj^  Aston^  of 

l^nd^^  artUi^lsta^  then  a  sergeant^majory  had 
tiio  f«esideoey«  Our  diseovertes  were  diselosed 
«wtiio  mimas  of  esea|ie  coBsiderod,  and  a  eon»- 
•ultatioa  of  the  men  reeommeade^  This  was 
done,  and  there  was  not  a  iBsienlient  Yoloe.  At 
#ie  »tair  head^  there  was  a  small  room«  lighted 
%aiHvaili  aindoipf:  the  door  was  ioehed.'P'-^J^eep- 


&  nor 

llempl 
.Tine 

thlfcty 
Tli«j 

igr  t)i« 
bodied 
nott* 

fiftV. 

leeility 
an  oM 
(wallsy 
;  were 

h  were 
Mini  80 
I  itt  the 
iennld- 
aed  oiKl 
oCtlik 
Bit  wet 
onae  te 
eerge- 
Len>  eC 
[ir,  ked 
selosed 
a  eofir 
liis  was 
«.  At 
lighted 


147 

mg  ^iroogh  die  kejli61e>  l«rge  iron  hoopt  weiei^ 
diieovered :  the  spring  of  the  lopi^f  l^indly  gate 
waj  to  oar  efforl8»   the' rooni  was  ransaclsedf 
and  as  neatly  elosed, :   The  room  furnished  urn 
with  a  large  nambcr  of  strong  iron-hoops^  twa 
aii4  tlire^  inches  hroadf:  and  a  ooosiderabM  quan-> 
tftjr  of  ether  iron»  of  different  shapes  and  sises^' 
doposited  there  as  )ajnber«     From  the  ffinst  of 
these  articles^  we  (brmed  a  roughs  but  weigh^ 
q>eeies  of  swordy  with  a  wooden  han^e»  a  hioir 
from  whiehf   in  the  hands  of  one  of  our  stout 
men,  would  hare  brought  down  one  of  the  stouts 
est  of  the  onenay.    The  residue  of  the  ieoUfWaei 
implied  to  the  formatilu  dT  spear^lieads.    These 
%ere  a^ed  io  splits  of  ftr-plank»  about  ten  ftet^ 
in  iengdi^  whieh  had  formed  la  part,  this  bpl# 
lems  of  the  lower  tdrtiM*    These  we«|ms»  it  la 
t^ue,  ^re  of  the  eoarsest  mahef  yet  in  ^e 
bands  of  meq,  determined  to  s^eriiee  their  liToa 
for  freedomip  Mojr  would  have  had  a  eonsideri^ 
alile  sway*     Our  long  knives^  wbieh  m 
n^  seeretedvwken  eaptiiiwid^  also  J^ea^espear** 
poiiiti^^    T^se  ireapooyi  were  eonee4kd  lihder 
tlie  low^r  raiige^of  bif^tl^  whieh  were  raised  ar 
Jsot  from  ^  ioof,     ^he  planks  were  neatlji^ 
raised^  ij|ie  >nails  were  extraeted^  and  the  'nail- 
head»   wuh  a  part,  of  Its  shanl^  plaibd  in  its 
former  position*     i^^ver  the^se  lay  our Mahkeiir  ^ 
and  bundles*     It  >i^a^ii  igprii\ing  rule»  to  ha;^^. 
two  sent^osf   eonstantly  on  the  watehf.one^^^j^^ 
each  end  of  the  interior  of  the  jail.  Their  (^ufyit 
eonsisted  in  giving  a  signal  of  the  approadi  of 
the  ofiieers  of  the  garrison^   who  were  in  the 
habit  of  vi^ting  us  daily^  as  there  were  shoe« 
makers  and  taylors  among  us^  who  worked 
eheaper  than  those  of  the0ty^  merely  for  the 
purpose  of  bettering  theMif^^ndltioa*     There 


1^8 


wa«  polley  in  thijs  i^atchfiilaetMU  'ffhen  the  sig-' 
B^  was  giyeiiy  the  inner  do^s  were  thrawn 
0pen,  those  appointed  {^r  the  purpese^^^  laid 
upoii  the  birth  wtiieh  hid .  bar  s^ri|is».  as  if. in  a 
drowsj  state*  The  offieers  w^er^  aeeetsted  with 
dsfiumed  eonfidenee,  imd  much  eQm|4ai8anee«> 
The  oounoil  met  daify»  scmetinie&  iii  sni^ 
sq^adsy  and  w&eh  iinv  tjbiog  of  niaeli  eoiiM^^^^ 
qtience  was  to  he  eonsidered*  in  larger;  but  at 
all  times  secretfy^  or  at  JitasViiot  ebvious^  as 
a|  eduneily'  from  a  fear  of  trfdtors,  or.  some  in- 
dif ereti^n  6f  the  young  men.  Our  arrangements^ 
so  far  as  my  jadgmei^t  eoukt  diseeriij^  were  ju- 
dicioiis.  Aston  was  to  aet  as  general^  M^Gc^ 
i^md  some  others  became  colone^.^  J  Boyd  and 
others  of  the  most  spirit^  lM^eameSf^rs«  eap- 
tainsy  lieutenants,  &c.  /l^at  whieh^hc»red  me 
Miehi  was  that  the  eonn<»l  aHign^  me»  ^a  first 
lieutenaney  under  my  friend  Boydf  whose  v%or 

atid  eourage  w^re  un^est^ii^^a^^      ■. 

\.  rl%e  {Aan^the  esea^  :  Jk^<H^^h^ 

was  ar   fi^eUent  en|^eer9^0!ra%>tn  thi^ 

particular  %uperuitfii 

-which  tea  ]iten iKa»  W#t hiJ^^ 

active  and  spirited.  ^I^^ft^  ^^.  t%he  iuQi^ased 

to  a  hand  of  one  hundred  and  j^|ty  men^  w&ose^ 

duify  it  wa»  to  attack  the  ^^l^^at^St.^J^ 
gale.  'IHie  attaek  of  the>gttard\>i;i|>osite  the 
jaaXf  was  assigned  tq  the 'mseretion  of  Boyd^; 
Cunningham  and  myself ;  the  eoufieU  ^nerous<-: 
}y^  giving  us  the  autbori^  of  a  first  selection  of 
twenty  two  persons^  fromi  the  wholie  hody  of  our 
men.  The  residue  of  our  foroef  was  so  disposed 
of^  as  to  aet  as  a  hody  of  reserve  to  Aston,  un^! 
der  the  commanil  of  M^Coyt  and  atiother  smal- 
ler body  was  reserved  to  lupport  Boyd,  partieu- 
lariy  by  way  of  settfnr*  fire  to  the  jail/ihe  guard-^ 


Big- 
pawn 

kid 
'in  a 

^^^^ 
|an«e^ 

eiiae- 
ut  at 

le  in- 
ient«|^ 

I*Cay 
d  an4 
oap« 
sd  me 

v%or 

e  itm 
dutjr^ 

Fohn's 
;e  tlie 
Boyd, 
»rous^ 
ion  Qf 
)f  our 
iposed 

I,  iin- 
smal- 
rtieu* 
;uaTd* 


U9 

Iiause,  and  the  Imildiagt  in  |lt  liei|^ibo9||oed,  i^ 
MMise  or  eni]ilojrtlMBr'eiieiiiy»iviiUejwec#^ 
nine  to  %t,  JoMf» igfttbi  'MimmmLpmt^  m% 
eoald  arrlTd  Ihcro^  k^tlie  tinpe  ^Att^n  aai  hit 
party  woald  bi  Tkto#id«i4  vOlirlNirtiBaiir 
vas  of  the  despenlte  iiB^  awiitflptti|  of  #f^iiHi4 
tore  ^  ikt  i*  f^aiiimL'^f^  thl; 

Tfrtue  airi^faritTery  ^smia^mMmiiim.^9^MA  ^en^ 
8ttrie  tlM  saie^ofoiir^riH^|i||fth4f^i)^  shvilf 
arrive  M  Si.  #ohttlll  ga^  IdW^^lbettMiflt  tto 
guard  f  and  if  then  setlnilg^iBigiiy  ^ly  il%teiilh^ 
wonl#  lea¥e  «8  to  theiiiicfl%W  «li«nrg^|£ii  6b#^ 
M^,  who  would  sailr|ici^ih»  l^i^^MH^  tint3r<^  iMt 
there  hi^bien  tiiii  maek/]iiMipMfeft  I*  Jlii^^i^ 
latiom  PtOTioirait  lirJlielilph^ 
&Met  helag  told  ^f  «l^eMiee|:?^i«^ 
ournHiiitftvy^piaiiti^  yo»ihinild^dMwlieeii4lfo^^ 
ed' also^  of^ie  tial  Ule  ei^^the^^^ 
teraal  «trQetii#,^^iNin^wMeli  llMift 
made.  Hm  Dfti^iii  )iii  Is^hitfH^  i«i1i  nliil| 
liretty  viaeli  deeUiied  totiHrdi  <iie  ^N^(^  ^  ft  ft^ 
loWB^  thattheflP•ntofthiil^lewei»  itoty/tlii't^^^ 
the  eeMR^,  wa»  m K  £»Telifiih  thd^^ti^  Tkk 
bao^-grottnd  wa»  teir  or  twdW  fi»cFt  hl|^rl  11 
the  eellar,  near  the^foot  of  theMdrw^,  tlttr^ 
was  ai^enteoni  CbimtalnF^Wtt^ry^whieh  iuj^|iiK 
ed  the  honee..  IIImt  b^iidiilts  left^nf  f t^oni  t^^ 
•priiig^hy  the  sererl^  tyfyte  weniher,  w^r«lflj^ 
pededby  ieerftothalithe  wirt^^iwgfe^  qtlitit^ 
tity  #einatnM  ki  tlMt  o^liwrv  whi^^ 
tlonul  earelessnese  of  iMir  peeplet'  wha  en^t  the 
tkising  of  their  buefc^td>on  the  floor  of  the 
apartment^  formed  a  bed  of  ke  a  foot  thidfc 
and  yery  firm  and  8(did»  ThiV^  eellair  had  11 
door  newly  made,  of  strong  pine  pfoiik,  tVe  §»et 
in  width,  which  opened  Itiwards^^he  till  was 
bvet  with  the  itreet*    The  doms  wUft^  buDg^  lipok 


150 


B.  Mnriet  df  a4ai^  sip^ffijud^oiK  the  inside, 

V«»'  iW  ltoomviailiil4^t^  Itasped 

iitithlft^aBd  BiN$ufM.by^^  }irge  f^d-loek.  :t  Close 
ifimjIMJin^m^  liftd  Wkde  the 

iiCiitenoof;tljtotelM«^p^  means  they  en* 

legrledyi^jpevll^  iadthe 

'VrMei  iiiiiMstellli^  f^if^^^l^  ^e^oor. 

Wk^^oh  Itf  im^mlw  mas  arell  laid;  ^ 

A^i^lMf  %^t«d^^^^^^^  our 

^M|pirt.iii  w^  diii«io»-r 

^akidiiHI^Ijp^^  turning  ra^dr 

^4hmMl>  ^r;8t4 JMttfrga«B.    The: disleear 
4^  ^r^t||0#of  MN  was.  to  ftnr 

8II0  liitt^thoiif  wM^  e^M  he  rein^ve^  being 
l(INNnib#elt».  tW teeliiiub^4fMiH^        our  blraTest 
|i^  ^hm^iltein  t^iiHr  ilit  Blatian.    It  i&  an 
lit  m^  i^tilie  r9%fl#riillfaai|  diiit  it^  i^^^ 
iS^iifgiio  iktnf^rHm^  elear 

lA^  ^aHllMsef(«fii^andeffiN»ts  of  j^^^ 
MAlk^llMMit  Ofeiiliadiiitand^e^^ 
l^i  Mk^mmiM^  be  said;  of  a  oonspiracj 
JMl^lts  llii^t  ifiNii^  the  entity  Irom 

#|l^  froiit  doet  into  Ike  jail-^^y  near  the  bai>k 
4»^»  ^  fttttmHlHn^tlie^^l^^^  there  are  two 
j^i^iMet  oMNirit^  te^  eaoh  «^^  strongly  walled 
and  aiMi^  *  We  ealled  tbeas  Oie  blaefe  holesi. 
On  tb#  eulsidHMif  tKe  bnildin^  in  the  yard* 
4l«s^  cafijlirs  4»suiiied  tile  £dr^^  of  hanks,  ten 
fm  ebvei¥  fbet  high^  and  as  wide ;  and  well  sodt 
#:^d»  :  iKIth  some  address  and  agility,.a  sprightly 
man  e^uld  sorpMii  eHher  ^  them.  The  wall 
^ve  those  baiikf  wan,  prohaUy  ten  feet  higher^ 
In  ^e  daytime  W9  oieiea  eUmbed  vp  the  waft 


9 


what 
a^d 
Close 
the 
ly  en- 

t«e». 
4oor* 
^eDUi- 
and 
our 

rapid- 

ifiloea- 

to  en^ 

being 

itUTOBt 

«  U  an 
liffienlt 
I  ekar 
:  mot»- 
liepic- 
ipiracj 
)r  from 
lehai^k 
re  two 
wnlled 
'  hoJe»^ 


ksy  ten 
lU  sodt 
rightly 

le  wall 
>  walfe 


151 


lijr  meawi  of  Its  interstiioes,  Arbm  whieh4be  mmr-^ 
tar  bad  folien  in  4he  eourte  of  time^  4o  tidU^  a 
]ieepatthee]ty»  merely  patting  our  eyei^  aWire 
the  level  of  the  top  of  it. 

A  Mr.  AiAi^tiny  a  hardy^  daring  and  aetil^e 
young  jmui»  of  Laidb'seeai^ny,  1  thSolLf  a  ser- 

J;eaaty,priipehed  (tip  bear inteiligenee  of  oar  pre- 
eett|:te  ih(i|Aaitorkaii  eotanrmaiiderrivithout  die 
wtiU.    Hit  plan  was  apiiroved.    A  time  fi^  ir- 
r^ptiM  was  na»aed»  though  llie  day  was  not  ^par- 
liiMSiMriised*    The  slgnids  to.  incite  the  adi^nee 
of  our  army  to  1^.  Jolm*s  gate^  were  theiburfilng 
of  ithftkousesyisnd  the  ikring  of  the  guns  of  the 
ran^Nirtft  towands  the  dty.    As  yet^  we  were  un- 
prepaised  to  wove* ;  Tlus  expedition  of  Martin's 
was  ^fMftaMlly  a  weret  among  those  of  the 
eoiaiief Ik  fitMn  a .  lear  that  some  bungler  might 
attempt  the  -  same  >  path,  fkily  and  by  «1lis  bemg 
talomfUi^eil  our  plots.  ^Permit  me  a  short  epi- 
sode etii  the  eseape  qf^Martin<;    It  was  singularly 
adfientaronsy  and  the  neatness  of  its  exeeution, 
rendevtt  it  wortiiy  of  remaiik.  ••  I  bad  the;  pltba^ 
sure  of  .bearing  it  meounledr  in  more  ha^^ 
time$)»  at  lie w-» York*    Martin  wae  dressed;  in 
warnt^lothlng^  wath  good  gloves ;,  a  white^eapy 
shir^  and  oveialls  w<m  pre^ai^ed  fiir  him.    ^e 
appeared:  ltt>tlie  jai^yard  amoiH^  thi^^prlsoneni^ 
in  bis  daily  i^*es».^   'Ilie  time  of  looking  upland 
ealUttg  the  roll»  geaei*aUy  happened  about  sua* 
down. ;  it  was  tlie  business  of  ^e  ea^aln  of  the 
proTos^'Vbo  was  aeeotnpanied  by  a  Me  of  men. 
The  priMliers^  instigated  by  those  in  the  seeret» 
empl^ed  themselves  out  of  doorsy  iintil  late  in 
tbeeveningf  in  play #  as  if  to  keep  their  bodies 
warra»    It  was  a  Mowing/ and  dreary  evenings 
whieh  W8«  purposely  ehosen.    At  loddng  up» 
those  ia.the  seeret  lagged  behind^  tardilyi  pttsh^ 


152 


1 


ing  the  aniiiiliniied  befiNWf  jet  to  ddwl^y  m 
fotivailr  to  «r<Mird  IIm  gangway ;  Martin  Ivmain-) 
ing  la  1M  ratr^  Tb(b  operaiion  .to6k  plaee  a^ 
the  elangiag  of  the  look  of  the  ^rc^t  front  d0or^ 
Thb  mtoiure  was  imaginii  and  eiibcted  on  pw- 
poie  to  prooufe.to  Mimn»  ii  aullclenoy  of  lei', 
suv^  te  get  to  bis  hiding  |iliMe»  whieb  was  noi^ 
odier  ^boui  a  n«iofe#  formed  bj^te  pm^ecttiod  of 
the  d<N»r^waj»and  on  tlie  top  of  one  oftfae  banlca 
before  sfioken  of.  H^ne  bo  had  time  to  fiat  on 
his  eap,  ''•hirty  &e.  l^n^cer  sirho  examliicsil 
the  yatdtOOttM  not  pere^iro  bini^  nnless  be  mrent 
ont  fif  the  docNT,  seretiit  paoes  to.the  Jc^^  a^^d 
most  probably^  not  evea  thear  £i^r  Martin  woihlil 
be.eoYored  in  tb^  snow,  and  impereeptibfe^ 
H^pily  the  ofllei^r  went  no  farther  thantlte 
thresholdy.aad  made  bat  a  s]%ltt  suinrey  of  the 
yi^«  This  aeeoiinit^  aO^^  fan  is  derived  fretft 
iajow»  knowledge  $  n^at  fsBows^  Is  from  Mar^ 
tin  himMlf.  ><  Martin  tariried  there  nntU  seven 
or  eight  o'doelu  The  dilemkna  be  was  in^  eonld 
only  be  sitrpasaed  in  intinineoee  ^danger,  b/ 
hisyeltreflM  aetivlty»  skill  and  eonrwe.  There 
e.  foui^  ^tries  siiationed  around  the  ;^1--^ 
^al-eaeh  f^omer'in  firont^  and  the  like  nomber 
it^the  eorntiRS  iaf  the  yard  in  the  rear^  jThoso^ 
litfies^  though  4iAlieVed  every  quainter  of  at^ 
iowtf  were  soon  driven  into  the  sentry-boscesi  by 
«old  «o4  keenness  of 'i^whifiillng  wiiids^. 
Ef  ^hey  bfid'  pae^  the  tpae^s  allotted  them  by 
ty,  the  eseape  of  Martin  must  have  been  imr 
possMe.  'Watehlilg  the  ti^tfe  lime,  he-  slippiB^I 
dowa  the  Watt  Into  the  deep  s«sw  underneath 
naobservedi;.  ^etiee»  he  made  a  sii4^n^  exeui^ 
sionto^th^  lef^  <^  9t»  Johtt^>  gate,  at  4i  part  oT 
the  wall>  Wh^he  well  knew  no  senti?y  wao 
piae^    Lsal^ihg  the  wt^  into  the  eaew^  ht 


153 


aio-t 


iteecived  the  fire  of  a  diatant  sentry.  MaHiifi 
was  uoliarined.  Tbe  soklfer  fired,  as  it  wen^t. 
at  a,  pliantomi  foi*  when  Miirtin's  body  eame  in- 
to eqnta^t  with  the  snow»  it  was  nndiseerniUe—. 
the  desired  information  was  given  $*'  but  of  this, 
we  coold  inerely  in  surmises  until  the  May 
following.  I^iiai  wUeh  i%  ?ery  femariuible  is^ 
thajt  ttie  abseiiee  of  M fl^rtin  was  i|nk;nown  to  go* 
vcmmentf  until  the  explosion  of  our  plot. 

pMr  liekt  solieiiude  was  the  aoauij^Hon  of 
^,pw4er.  This  artiele  <^ii1d  be  obtained  but  by 
sheer  adUr^^ss  and  shrewd  management.  Bat 
w^  had.  to  db  with  men^  who  were  not  of  the  niiU- 
tary  cast*  W ^  b^gan  first  to  enter  into  famili- 
arity^ with  the  sentriedj^JokinK  with  them  and 
preteiidiiig  to^leam.  Froneh  from  them.  The 
giNiirdf  «'8uiiUy,  of  Cmadiaasj^  eonsisted  of  many 
olii'iplen,  and  yonng  Pys»  wJio^  were  yery  ^<^oiii-: 
mgJ*  Jlkl43ii^ijma|t>  gun-carriages  were  eon- 
stnieted^ ;  not  mofe^thi^  six  inehes  in  ]e^|*th»> 
and  BMM0|di^  Vrhi^ll 

were:  jfiade  of  panjr  fblds  of  lAper^iiad  ^i^ 


bound  tJ(^tIy|^n»ii     with  thread.  ,  These  W4 
sh^Wta  jio  ^  s^ntr^  time»  ahda 

H  tll^  powd^^  If iwt  pefues|te4».  wf th^  whieh  t^ 
ohiii^  tljM^.  &ur  bi^hs  lipnned  an^ngle  at 
tK<e  loom.  The  um^r  bir%8^.  as.)yell  as  th^ 
lower,  had  aledgeof  seyerallnches  in  lie%hth^ 
in  whiohy  efnbraiitres  were  formed  with  tbe 
knife.  Twb parties  were  Msed  in  oppisi^libnto 
each  I  otheiV  eaoh  <^  ^H^  ^^^  P^^fl^B«M>n  of 
one  side  oi  the  angle.  l%e.  blaze  a^^^bH^ 
which  was  nearly  as  grc^t  and  as  loud  i^  that  i|j| 
sniall  pistols,  oreated  inuc^  laugh tei^  atid  meiri- 
ment.  This,  sport,  the  child  or  a  seeming  folly,^ 
served  us  as  a  pretence  and  jiistifieation  for  soii-> 
eitittg  powder.     The   apparent  joy. 


154 


««I0D|^U8»  pleated  the  Caaadianif  both  oldmd 
y^^ngt  and  did  not  alarm  tlie  governoient.  We 
oblaiaed  manj  eartridges  in  tiie  course  of  a  few 
veeiui  two-lliirds  of  wlileb  oameto  theliands  of 
Afj^n awlliis  eorptf  for  tbe  purpose  of  manu- 
foeiiiring  malfbesf  &c.  (Sie.  Ftp*e  armi  of  anj 
|^odf  eoald  aot  bj  any:  finesse  be^lNieured.  Tlie 
^omnertMof  eai'iridgesy  aeisonipaiiied  l^  a  suayi-^ 

a  and  delbreaee  of  manners^  towards  oar  joungr 
endSf  pfooiired  us  manj^  quariers  of  pounds  of 
powdetf  wlMftll  tlney  bought    seereUy   out  of 
luails^  some  of  whieh  were  ptoeured  M  a/jfudi* 
erous  way.    M^  bad  luany  ticll  in  ike  bospitalf 
£lt*  wli^n%uiy  one  appeared  to  be  disordered  m 
%he  least  degree*  be  was  hurried  to  the  Jnll^fimiw 
Tfjf  whea  eared»  he  was  f^tanied  to  ue*    Sdui^ 
iif  the  tarn.  Went  so  &r  as  to  fe%ii  ,siefcn^s%  to^ 
get  to  that  plaee,  wiiere  thejr  lived  in  a  jnore> 
I^H^aoiit  s^le  than  tteit  of  Uie  jail^    The  fire- 
'lueai  temo?ali  eHused  the  propagation  of  a  re^ 
poit  ttiat  the  prisoa  wae  uaheiutby*    Mim^  |d- 
eps  inatroudi  eame  to  see  us»  &Bd  ai&^«r  empt  j 
lianded.  Some  elderly  bubs*  of  resp^ctoble  fiuBa<^ 
Usmf  were  of  the  mtaiber,  aad  general^  br»«^' 
amiiDjf  truly  |Mrt  gmd  bi  <|uaiitiiy^  bat  fot  the 
Ins  aeeeplable  to  ^e  *icb  and  eon:vakipeeiit^g|iB 
^Otiile  aUls  proeured  them  some  sl^^t  eomfisrCst 
1^  #8  tea»  k6.    These  w^  the  religious  and 
%ain^e  iCM»ileetioiis  of  tbelniterliood#  aidmo8t]|r 
oohsilted  of  the  smalitest  ehange,    iihete  was  a 
beauHlitl  eountenaneed  youth,  Thomas  Gibson*^ 
liii^  tter^eant  of  HenidriciiSf .  who  had  studied 
l^sieat  Caiiidey  Fennsykania,  allied  to  me  by 
awi^fy  ^bo  tod,  probity  from  a  knowlege  |^ 
llild  ^^^  bis  heaU^h  bi^ 

eito|  Ifs  ebeeks  were  blooming  as  roses/  Jflb^ 
llNftNiim  rf  tbajeeancil.    As  young  men,  yfeeki^ 


151 


«ri  Hitk  tbout  the  «ieiM»  'im  tlml  we  •hteiii«4 
ibe  endf  wliiob  was  powder.    We  liveil  abo\# 
fftatrst  fUMi  never  tbareil  im  ih^  gratniiieB  ef  tlie 
ledieif  whiok  were  repaeiflNisly  awaited  at  the 
eatraeee  ef  tlie  priion*  GiAise^  audi  wysHf,  wete 
atending  mi  a  wiadoiw  near  the  great  doory  and 
apposite  te  M^oy'Ji  faein»  a  aeat  Uttb  box^ 
larllidl  had  been  haoefced  ap  for,  bb  parpose«« 
I^Qohiiig  iiito  the  street^  a  hHiy  with  a  tbiek  vf  il, 
waa  obaprved  to  take  tlie  path  through  the  enow 
to  our  hftbitatloD.    *'  Zeands  Gibaeti,  thepe'»  a 
iitte»"  was  scarcely  expresse<l»   belbre  .he  wot 
Carried  kite  Mf Cojr's  api^rtmeot  and  pat  to  bed^ 
though  dressed.    Severals  of  us  waited  respeet* 
fallf  at  the  daon  till  the  oficer  of  the  gaari 
anloeked  it*     l^e  nun  entered^^she  ieemei^ 
fiaia  her  Huinners#  to  he  aenleeland  respeetabke* 
"We  were  moist  seduiaitsln  eiir  attentloos  to  the 
laify»  and  ea  pvevaiSed^  as  to  iodaee  her  to  eome 
into  MHliaye  foam,    ttens  laj  Gihson^  eevered 
to  the  ehin  willl  the  hedHsiolhes^  netbiRg  expoe^ 
ed  hat  hi%  beant^' hair  niid  red  eheeks»  the  lat> 
ter  mdioating  a  h%h  fe«ee^    It  was  well  the  kul^ 
was  no  pkysieiam    T^e"  ana  oresalnc  faersetf^ 
and  wWq^ering  a  pater^noiriic^^  porred  the  eon^ 
teats  af  her  liltle  parse  Into  the  hand  af  the  pn^ 
tientt. whieh be  hefiiaeatl^,  witkeat tbe^biankel^ 
sng»  and  left  ua.    What  dMiald  the  daaatiaa  be^ 
hat  tweaty-fear  eofperst  ef Qf^  at  ^at  time  en 
two  dhillinfft  of  our  nfoney*    The  latl«r:ehM|in»> 
•tanee  addra  mm^  to  the  hainory  and  eihreiae 
merHmeiit  af  (he  trfiasaeiioh.    Thie  mane^  wao 
acdely  appropriated  for  powdi^r.    Tbast  eareleel 
af  every  ^iag  bat  the  means  of  eeea^^t  we  en;»> 
joyed  many  merry^^  and  eTea  happy  noars.    As^ 
«an»  who  was  proviikiat  ef  timp,  by  the  nnddle  df 
Hareb,  (1  have  aa  aoie  ef  the  ^dsr  pefiodj^ 
tmd  all  his  niatteri»  of  arrangement  In  good'  order. 


156 


i!->Thb'  oountii  assigned  a  day  for  the  irruf» 
iion.  As  we  dared  net  toueji  the  door  in  th6 
eeliary  from  a  fear  of  diseoverr  by  inspeotiont 
(and  it  ivas  examined  almost  daily 9)  it  was  de* 
termined  to  postpone  the  unloosing  the  hinges 
aad  lock,  which  were  under  our  comniandy  un* 
til  (he  moinent  of  escape.  ,  It  became  a  main 

auestibny  how  to  remove  the  ioe  at  the  foot  of 
lie  door.  Here  lay  the  great  difileullyf  us  it  was 
uniTcrsally  agreed  that  the  door  must  be  drag- 
ged down  suddenly^  so  that  we  might  march 
over  it.  Remember  also,  that  a  sentry  was 
posted  not  more  than^  ii^m  fifteen  to  t'v^enty 
feet  from  the  outside  of  thc^  door.  Man^  wo» 
posilions  were  made  in  council^  howtaeflbet 
the  removal  of  the  body  of  ice  without  exposui^ 
to  detection.  One  was  lightly  to  pick  it  away 
with  hatcheisy  a  lew  of  wtileh^  had  been  secret- 

Srctainedy  by  the  prisoners»^  and  brought  into 
e  jail.  To  this/  there  were  several  insuper- 
able objeetions :  the  softest  stroke  of  the  lights 
est  tomahaeky  upon  the  ice^  would  be  heard  by 
a  sentry  so.  near;  or  an  unlucky  stroke  might 
touch  the  door,  which  wduld  resound  and  ine- 
litably  cause  a  discovery.  Others  proposed  to 
wear  away  the  ice  by  boiling  water;  two  most 
obvious  ob|eetions  lay  here:  the  steam  would 
search  for  a .  vent  through  the  creviceis  of  the 
#oor«  and  window^  and  develop  our  measures; 
^besides  the  extreme  cold  would  have  congealed 
f^e  h^  watery  the  moment  it  fell^  so  as  to  add 
io  our  diliculties.  Another  idea  was  suggested^ 
that  was  ffwith  knives  to  cut  the  door  across 
on  the  surface  of  the  ice/'  to  this  plan  there 
.was  a  fatal  exceptiouy  the  ice  had  risen  on  the 
lower  cross-piece  of  the  dqor^  nearly  an  ineln 
«o  that  we  must  cut  through  the  cross-piece 


tsy 


It  «9«oi^  VHnr  iiiWiiew.    The  ttsl  i^iiil;©^ 

m^^t^  itam^^fMim^  offl|pi«Deii  '«r IIM  moil 
^^<M  iii«^  Jiiflil  tni^  1^^ 

IliKt  i«^  iiil9  all  4ii0l|H|.    IDf  ifiai-  intcmltd  lidiiiet. 

i^herJ  life^%i«air  tl%^  a^ljie  sce^  .^1f heir  jrA. 
mm  fhi0^it%^  iS0%ett«r  <«  olwcrte  ilie«|, 

^  diMimslly  to  ^ie^l  ^ttp  i*e  afi^  with  ft(i«i 
ftiiy«ii«t»,  \y^m  plaM,i« ll^^'^^HH"^^^^*^ 
^  tlie  raii9»  a» -we  #iuit*»t<    -   -    '- 

O 


158 

head,  aiMlthf^t  %hB  nnvd  towirdt  mprnipg,  ia  a 
nan,  were  lyij||p  MeeD  en  the  fleer.  The  •en- 
tries, ai  tliey  were  relieved,  did  0e  lil^^  Tiiii 
guaidj  at  waf  before  tald,  in  er4hiiry»  e^ntift* 
»i|  of  thirty  peftom.  *  B<^jrd*«  puriy  fronn  m  oer- 
Ibet  knowle^  of  ^ilieir  net|i^  of  eeiidiieuii|(, 
fUlefDRied  it  no  great .  Iifurdin^ia,  to  undertal^e 
)Uie  oferwlieiidiilg  theifi.  8aliteqaf)nlly  oor  dan- 

£r  akuit  appear.  The  pilji^ta  w^re  |^reing(jr 
Id-f-Hthe  seetrlet  soeo  liooied  Ihemselrei  In 
Iheir  bexet.  As  the  saftj,  to  ftueeeedt  ¥i.ttst  h^ 
most  s^ent  and  quie|c,  it^piMi  hoped  to  qui^t  all 
<of  the^i,  before  any^  fdwin  eoold  soread.  Be- 
^fides,  Boy^s  divisoe  (the  first  rank  of  whi^h. 
Vfertb  to  despatch  the  nearest  senti^  bjr  tlie  spear»  i 
olliers  of  tlie  ftueeeeding^  oorp^,  were  assigned 
to  assail  the  rest  of  the  jk^ntries,  imnnedlately 
aground  the  prison.  The  getting  iip.thto  ivtairB 
of  otir  guard*  house,  so  quieldjr  as  to  ei^Me  no 
alarm,  was  npt  enlj  fe^slblet  bat  in  6iy  min^ 
,(with  the  i^roe  delegated  to  ^s,)  ef  almolote 
eertaiaty  of  s|ie#ess.  The  imt  door  Iras  al- 
ways open  by \  night  and  by  day,  we  luiew  tlie 
jtreeise  iiamber  of  stepsp.  the  stairs  eoatained. 
,Aa  agile  auu^  woo^  n^oimt  at  three  stHdei. 
lA  light  WM  eoifiiiaoUy  Ipi  the  passage*  Enter- 
jiig  tlie  room, mMmI  tnriiing  to  tlie  rk^ht,  the 
arnis '  in  the  eemef  w;0re  ours.  The  Myooet, 
fton  aeeOssHyii  woaU  be^nKb  the  lot^f  theguard. 
In  this  part  ofihe  ^ilti^rprlsf,  profoiind  silenee 
was  aU  important;  the  section  WM  to  rely  on 
the  spear  anif  tomahack.  Aston  0|i  the  other 
hand,  being  fietoaajoii^  at  St.  John^s  gate,  was 
instantly  to  tivn  the  eanni||i  upon  the  city:  hie 
Ihses.  portfire,  A«.  were  prepared  and  ready  iie 
aubstittttes  for  those  of  the  enemy,  if  tAey  were 
Mtlngi^i&fd  o^  tMsnii  Cr^ni  the  gu«^^^  MMf^ 


^ 


u 


'r-i 


fiat 


79 


15* 


kiiowi  ti  ui/  flat  all  the  diliMi  af  tke  ranf- 
parlt  ivere  diair|^  and  pfliiiefly  aad  boxf •  1^ 
aitiikiwlttton  iMI  fdl^t  ofballf  in  the  tieinibr  al 
eaeh  na^  It  vNii  ealetilated,  that  the  exeeuooi^ 
of  th^  l^iiaeH  M  oiir  «eetion»  might  he  elR»ete4 
la  at  leiU't  Hfteen  nlnnte^  together  with  the 
tUfUg  of  ik^  V^wi.  Then  ranaUr  to  tuppor* 
Ast«pi  aM  If  he  was  Tletoridolf  to  ntaiatalii 
imr'iMitm  m  the '#gftf>  under  a  hope  of  the 
a^tal  «f  Ihe  Amt^^aa  army  IVbin  without; 
la  ii|i  et««t,  St  JM^  ratify  at  a  fint  aieaw 
sinre^  wat  to  he  opa|H«  Biit  If  Atton  should' 
aiilbrtuiattfy  he  Wi«Qa,  (iifileh  win  inert  Im^ 
prQttibley)  then  we  ^^re  iolty  IH  all  dlreetieaf^ 
ahd  make  the  a^Telrtulreiit  leap.  AifBMMp^ 
|i»i«d  that  fn  tbi^  |at|er  eas^»  the  hany  and 
bnUle  eliilted  l|^  so  t^ddea,  unlbres^en  and 
Aliliwi»^adaAi  wittMArowthen  later 

^aii^fiklKli  (|M  to  so  great  %  m 

'  ee,  afs  ti»  i^Mit^  thi  esi^pe  of  maajr.    Sing* 

rds  lilght  exte<i^  to  he  IhAaisM 

Th^  paitieillMrttj' ir  t^  #^^1  ^MMn^ 
are  puipes'elj  tdiade  to  linpfetfl  ik  yoair  ii^ctsy  a 
sfaigie  truth  s  <«T&at  tfie  hei(  iini^faed  sehemee 

^i^  aad  thordaghly  ^UleitiMl  designs,  'wfiethier  In 
^^uiltRarjf  olr  elirfl'llfe.  miiy  be  defeated  by  a 
<^  thoaj{PeM  hc^/llie  int^Kl<e^ee  dr  an  idiot 
<^  or  i  trea^roas  knaTo/^  t%b  if^  flrom 
€oiialf)e^f  Or  lliiMltiehttseiti/  whose  liaijE^i  w^ 

X  ile^lost  ttl  iaj  iilMoi7»  prisoiiejrs  with  us,  bat 
IvIk^  had  B#^|M|iMer  of  eoaheetion  or  Intereoitrse 
with  the  ehi^lW  li^  knew^  the  roinute^  yi^t  es«> 
^atiftl  parts  of  Ih^  iiieasi|res  of  the  eonneHf 
but  probably  havibe  OVeltewd  a  whisper  of  the 

•  4liie  and  m&naer  of 'the  erasion :  Those  Toulig^ 
then  without  eoasidtali^t '  without  authority: 
fiom  their  stt^riorsir  lb  thcrtheu|^ae^  aidor  <^ 


;  V 


16* 

u^VM^A^^^  III  •  m^grte^ 

Iv  jretiim  j^c^  #tfftds  #p«#tii|i^  1$  |ieQMii$ 

ft^  tir  ^C.  upon  <hei,0fl|iii«i*ipii  ^he ifii|iiifi|| 

$^  eamf  ^  jH  ^tiiid  ii|  idN^  A|N!PJ^clui«^ 
tbe  lloiriiiiiteble  faiqii^^^^^^  J^<l9tr  ^^^^ 
|iCpri^^^9|^idii  l^im^f  *•  ii#mi»  lifitb^  gw** 

iim    >|^l#  to  bf  i»^»  iirar«iiiAiii  itopj^tiitfeiil 

i^ii^   lilt  thoBe  who  R^dc  ^]i0^]«4i9i^|ioii»  4id 

c^.the  8%  adventiwrf*  l?^a  d^Hip  md  Klie 
^ijfd  woiN)  .defortlttgi  f^y  »»ipiwi<r4  lOtil^li* 
vug  no  mopo  ^h^  W  |itl«Plp>l1<|^f^norli7  4ir# 

io  r^eA^  I  jM^W^*w*%»t^i^      ul^  ^ii 

not  thai  lie  was  a  ^sAOTlit  %ti|  0||P  eiil)ii|ie^.# 

-  -     t%ht 


a 


IkMlMilf 


9^' 


141 


fled 


«.'■• 


iM^  iwM  'W0ir8^:d«lcrnflideil»4a^txi^ul«  a«r  ftel^ 

liaii  formcpll  a  kalf-okmle  afoMMi^tilv^oory  irl<ii^ 
out  <i|NMrfiiig  Um  imriMiiii  ttM  fretfttlMe  '•f  the" 

tlireilioM,  ii^kig*  im  a  kMfy  iMnn^r  «•  w^ 
wli|9i^  tlia  vWaa  if ruag  fk%t  ih^M^jw,  eT«it^ 
jaitUoe  kiitt.  Tlie  sj^f  la  mailfe,  'im  to  frnftf ^ 
danaiiasa  entirely  uii«iilf«^M^  tMltli^  Mrae^*^ 
elMmMlflWNnour  j«8tvaiig€«iiiee.  lViaeiliii#^ 
ttiir|.  Marra^^aslHiid^Pt  <«8i^**^  9i^#he  «<Iha# 
soiaetlilill^  to  diiolMfti*'  Thegaardeaneam^wtSA^ 
(Nl  the  Upaltor,  aad  Imrried  hiia  away  to'  ^1^ 
GataiMr's  j^Iaaar  Ifl^  iototaa^  ^r6^- 

6<1  tke  «ixteiil  and  aoas«q«#noai  af  tfck  dkiister* 
The  prkoAers  knflUMliataty  destpojfad  iacli'^ 
Uie  apmsr  as  were  tao  bulley  ta^hide^  if  destru<^* 
ihlei  and  searetad  tlia  yeii«    in  an  Itoar  dr  twa^ 
a  file  of  man  wMk  in  dfllaerr  demanded  9ip;^d^ 
Ci!nninghaaEk  and  atliersy  reyreianted  by  the  Hi^ 
infariiierr  i»!'lakewa#ni  la  iba  plat«  -  T6ey  w^rr 
eiseortad  tatbe  Gotemop't  eannail.    fiere  tk«^ 
fbundf   that  the  wretak  had  eyidaneed  aitailr 
proeeadlttgt  mlntttely »  naming  avery  ana  Whi^ 
was  pramkient.    0nr  woFtl^  aomnatrfdts  were 
axamtned  an  aathv  and  at  man  af  honor  cfo^ld^^ 
not  coneaal  the  truth.     The  cfuasCians  af  t^^ 
aouneily  (furnkhad  by  Ihe  inlbrmery)  did  not  a^fi 
mil  of  eqaivoafftkm  ar  eyasion*  3f  tha  examine* 
ants  had  been  sa  inalined,  and  besides  i^t^ 
giversatianf  whentke  outline  was  marked^  waa< 
migato>y.     Thay  baldiy  admitted  and  justified^ 
the  attempt*.    We  did  nat  fane  the  worse  in  onr* 
provisions  nor  in  the  estimation  of  otir  enemy. 
'  Returning  to  the  jail>  my  dear  Boyd  shed  tha> 
tears,  af  escraeiating  anguish  in.  my  bosom^  da*' 

0% 


^k 


%, 


•^: 


^mk  9>il^^M  lie  AWi^  4i«r  Mi^  ieJbe  tli|i» 

4ere4    0  tlieir   voiM  .  ^e.  Iviiiila^  kp» 

Urn  InOnmB  ^wm^y^ifiimti^ 

iBkmr  ton  or 4w4^fe  partti  ^iFer^^eftiHnd*  eieli 

i{|«bi09  la  dliiiieter.  The  hwqr  lMd&  v«le«X!» 
iMipiM  iii^  the  9i^  htHom  Hi*.    Ii1ie»^  tli^ 

lejRii  imrteed  pC  egimg^  la  iherilglul^ll^ 
i|f  r^.  JB^  the  tfane,  t|ie#flber(i  ^^iMvie  4e .««»  eveai 
the  fmm^ftfk  vfi^mnmo!^  omt^  Mmlki^tu9^w%9* 
ai^%ef|  to  miit  If  hk  JilrMii^.^liiili  ee»toliieili 
five  uK^ii^ofteh*^.  ll^oii  Ibef^  ha4  AftrikM 
o^  tlict  lowepr  Wrlhib  thufi  efjmmet^  el  one 
1^  most  4Miwtt  li!(Ni^  Qii9«^  ^  the^ 

v^a^ot^  m^  eom^nioBty  hei^  #»w»  ie appf rest 
tfesidfilipiif  the  Miie|c*seiUh  itoiied  m^  niess* 
imt^Sf.  iind  t|ieii^,9iille4  to  iNe  |o  4etem  and 
sypbiMt  to.  Ills  oAie..v:1Coiwii^<^  mind 

tbi|tladr"  4|ii4  lof  fii»4Hi4  eap^  They 

IjmA  hut  thiw  ^  four  pair  qf  hond-euis  lefl» 
yifl^h  i^ese  ^j^d  eii  the  eldd^ly  and  robust*. 
Bo«Ub»ft  3MtK)oj>^  our  B||ifaee  the  eook,  Doe- 
tor  GHhson,  two  others  and  ttijtel^  who  winre 
tmhanippKed*  all  tjie  rest  were»  ia  appearanee^ 
tlghfly  and  Atmljr  seouted.  Though  M«€oy/ 
and  A>ii%ee»  wereadqitt  at  u^urreotiou^  ye# 
t^r  teryiees  were  p£  too  ttaeh  teportanee  ta 
goverameatf  to  be  dispensed  with.  <  The  othcra 
of  |li^  iiaretteredi  reiaiyy^ed  imi  llr^iii  the  esdmuB* 


^m 


mi 

•ne 
Oie 

lisd 

hey 

efir 

list*. 
)oe. 
ere 
ice^ 
Joy/ 

era 
US- 


MS 

Uo»  1^  the  itliiieklii.  A  new  eporief  nf^hitoietl-^^ 
iof  oeeimreMes^  niggled  imk  wulA  fun  ^mai 
ifmtife  kttinep  ii#iif  eeesiied^'  wfaMi  wu^umh 
eeeded  rbgr^  a  iterlet  ef  iMirfiye  «iig«l«k^  ^^^Ilii' 

atMff  ^^e  «iuiiluimittg.  Tliose  wto  lilMl  Mnidl^ 
lmiiat»  by  eewygtmlng  the  pdoii/  eeoUleatjU^  ' 
4iv»tt  tli^  IraDy^ftNim  ^leir^^^^^^  Of  Ikelfier 
there  weie  ii9u^#  who  heeeue  ttfie  milrtMitft  #f 
their  Aie«dt^  ;whe(ie  fa^adi.  wew  iirger.  v^^/fi 
thene  wm  j»  iieeeesky  for  iflgelHiky;  '  Kliiv«» 
ttetelwd  WMiwtf  ivere  the  vprfi|iei|pai'^«ieftn^ 
llhe  heed  eft  the  ihe^i  et  the^end  ef  the  hmy 
weirMiii^d  lofff  It  wtti  lengthened  end  a  aereur 
UannmMmgi^mit,  4e  eep  whhih»  a  Mie  head  was 
made^  elthlie  «f>  irea  iht  ^leady  resemhluiy  as 
mi^.  ai'foBsihle  the  ime  heed.  Aeaie  new 
llvetsHare  i(^mied#  fi^n  the  Iroa  we  Md  |^- 
served  ^  enr  seerit  heards^  ifitm  the  TigUenee 
^  the  iti^idieri*  l%ese  new  rWets  being  made 
te  bear  a  utronff  likeness  to  the  old,  were  thea 
eat  .into  two  «irls^-«oae  part  was  di^wa  iats^ 
the  ^It  tighliy»  beeame  sMieniu»y»  tlie>4her 
part  was  niov^le*  It  behoved  the  weaker  |if 
the  roanaele  to  leok  to  il^  that  he  4i^  not  lose 
the  loose  party  and  when  the  f^earehers  eame 
to  examine^  that  it  should  stand  drnii»  the  or-^ 
ifiee.  Some  poor  leBews,.  periiaps  from  a  delhet 
of  ingennkyf  the  hardness  of  the  iront  ei  the^ 
want  of  the  reqiiisile  lo^s^  eould  not  discitany 
the  bilboes.  This  was^  partiealarly  the  mefain- 
eholy  predieament  of  three^of  Morgan's:  meny 
whose  heels  were  too  loi^  to  slip  through  the 
Irony  Yihiiik  eneompasse^  the  Mnall  of  the  leg. 
It  was  trufly  painfitly  to  see  ^ree  persons  at- 
taehed  to  a  monstrous  bary  the  weight  of  whieh 
was  aboTe  their  strength  to  curry.    It  added  to 


A 


164 


iNwIiier,  4tel  t|liiii<fiilfcfgiic»  mt  th^iuoPfhw^^ 

iMit  ^dmWyr  V  yjB&elRnate :  in?tW>  «ttfEek<  of  the 
ekf  ^lie  Jii^iii4^Q«if#d  Ji^«|icait  ludl  i»  Ik*  fiit  ^^ 

fiftsltiMd.111  MiJeg*  «itK«irt,a  eoiii{Miiiian to  bear 
Mill  ooBi^lMB^t  and  obeeriiit^loaellytlioiirsb  l^k 
vkliiD^of  4^«riBeca|ioft^  aad  tmorfp/vvnii  wo^kl  ooin«^ 
tinf(g sooiBO  iuii«riig  u«  iaUbe  irainlf  beariag  wfk 
hio  bdUr  lulling  1^  a  ooid  lii^hod  o«or?  Iit«  sboiilk 
dor.  >H0t|iio9.aotty^aii^|iiiA«[^^  fie  ialk-^ 
€^9  laii^edaailiwiflifimia^^  fiotne  oi^ievi^ 
l^sidos  tliiifi%  woi%»M^  skaaledL    Tliose 

l^%ero  80  liioyEf  las  to  iMMrfr l^t  liaoiMuffiiy^ 
|mii«  them  mhmt  wkk  ^k»m*    The  gipealeal  dan* 

e^^f^coverj^  .arose  from  Ikose  wbo  oould 
I  tiiomidfes^A^ion  the  ^eiMry  Irono.  TfafO 
ii«ii^  lii4li^Hfta»  irero  iocroased  f  rop  tvke  to* 
tiwiee  a  da^#  in  tthe^rti  and  last  tlie  smklt 
s«H*olied  tbe  tioUs  of  ea<4i  person.  But  tliere 
wera  ioUier  fnlimiioaBy  iatorinediatelyf  by  ofii- 
oem  lovidoiilljr  d^spiutidked  Igr  the  saspieioiis  inf 
90«effSttitnt»  for  Ibe  fMirpos^  ^  #K^very.  To 
o^anteraet  iiiese  . new  measures. of  oauiioa  and 
jodysusj^  lye  were  we^V  #rejparad#  Sentries^  o» 
mm  part>  wtare  ^^m^baly  4(ta^oaed  at  certain 
^[^oirs^  tbe  j^  to  4os»|r  tb^  iqp^proach  oT 
ai^  oneia  the  garb  of  aiiAffieer.  The i^iew  froM 
^bese  windowSf  was  pretify  extaasivey  down  two^ 
•i  Ai^oteaetsi  iiarlioiilArij  IIm^  leadiaf  to  tbo^ 


MS 


ly- 


uA 


tE^jt!^^f09XhAmm^»^  <^ 

iiU9M:w^kmi^h«$miwbm^ 


X«6 


«ef  Mil  Mti^  Oiit^^^  dcf*^ 

lamNikil^MM^'iliMk^  lAifvMI  ^dfribir  ^ttH^cv^  tif 

tiler  tMiiiii^l^iil  1iii#illiiiffiA^i^  i^^^f^Xf 

M«i^  iMftcril^itf 'k%fiMlf  iUnliir  iMit^  i<Ml^  1%^ 

in  tlfe  nitntii  «r  JM«^  ^  dl^iF  tep  WHm^ 
Higt  ;^tilib4»fii  or  Iwiiliili  'i%tfittM,  ^he  Id^  i» 


167 


M- 


the  iiHrotia  qualities  wkleli  dl«t  u^f  dtfMi^m, 
|)f  ihe  fiiet*  Ihal  ni^  k  ll»B/|#i«ipftl  iagre^ 

ent  urM^  wutee  ferliHiX  te^  tiN  «ttr^» ««  m^ 
•l^lls^f'fiMAabf^^eiuiiit  tUidU^«c^MMl#  i^M^ 
mifi^^^smhh^m^^  ^ J**  . Wliefeffi^ e«Btli«Mi 
AaittfmAit,  if  %  ei|geii4i#efl  ««i  bteiiiiiee  ap^ 

tbM  irtti^  i»iy  *efWtti^sfr«l»  «ijiei**tie  eiB^ 

^trlh» if  kiept  .iuidec  eOTer^   PW^^llte^li^  ve- 
Wiiii^ii.  wiieii  powder  ,wa«  m-~^  ii0eetMii7»  we 
^imy  wtoi9  eiweiiepiied  Jdil  me^ 
i^efirikdieel  dl9eo«ev}r  I  Hji^^  iMipleMMGireite 

mail  ane<^^Bi^    *lie  jtt^^i  iwbteb  utualfy  fall 
ia  CiMiafb  alwui  flic  »i*fle  ,ef  NeiFe^ 

Sief|%  c0t«r  die  miad  mOl  «e  end  oi 
rli,  bi  «|y  ctii|rik«ui^tWrJMiil  with  t|^  ^a^ 

^taiite  9«#9»  whli*  fiirwafd  ^  i^w^  of 
^t9.  ^itiM»  i*a  was  etiafiofti^  ilDifi,  t^  n^ 
Tagae  and  Iqefaiidemle  i*l|Wy  ff^ 
Ihea  ii«Mlf  i^  immI  wh^hlf f i^bfe  fil^  eitiAid^ 
ed%'tmimiie0  ii^m  oMtaia  iptfeJA^tt  tiMmMk 
Off  mwKir^w*  Wiiro^i«|ite^ 

^  elicM^aef  er  i^  1»  ##  eoaatiy,  flie  lai^ 
9iei|^#^  0-ooa4  i«  ffeec  ftwni  •now*  thu  griM 
aiNi  e?i^  9Hrie«  i*  |*wit,  ^^Nf  fiirwaid  ia 

» flie  aiort  Mmwii  aMiaaer«  Gapt^  PtaatH 
Asides  flieai^i4n«a)i|i»a  of  Wa  eaFo  aad  !»•■»• 
i^ip  to  01l|9oa  aiid  anjradtt;  did  aol  ra§tiPala  liii 
^neroaify  lo  ladlYidiiabt  liiit  proenM  ftMr  as^a 
fernuMioa  ftiMa  aov«rap<Mt.4o  sead  out  aa  oU 
Irishmaiif  of  the  New-¥ark  IlBet  aa  exeelleal  ia- 
thi^  to  etHeel  for  aa  v^tahle  food.  Ifrt 
irst  speeimen  of  this  good  old  maa's  aiteatioa 
aad  indaatiyt  wiotlie  pMuelioaaf  al6i«e 


Swn jit-  ^^rn--  mmuiw  w«iu»«o  ltfviii4iii» 


.ji"  ■•.■ft. 


i^  -"1., 


*■   i" 


■?)^:tepiBlbi»aiil^^ 


'^■■f-lS      -.#41 


iil^  iirw  >t'*'^'-'* 


169 


HI 


tto^iottld  of  stale  %rai^  rerf  if  ncter,  but  mfik^ 
what  niAwkitii*  It  was  pal«t»ble  iuid  nutritiff 
to  mon  attieted  as  ire  wevi.  TlUs  beef,  boiP' 
neoted  witli  Tegetables»  inoon  anfoialed  as  witk 
aa  IdM  of  t^taraiito/  heullh  ani  vigor  z  yeti 
tbdagh  te  mit^^ted  the  inOlM  we  eaduhsd,  k  did 
■ot  lotafl()r  exj^  tiie  fj^urv*;  >      j 

-  f  he  «evef^  of  May  a#hred«  Two  »hip»  Oaibe 
to  tlie  aid  of  the'^garrliioiH  beatiag  through  S 
body  of  iee^  which  i^eriiaps  Waft  impervious  to 
i|ny  other  thaa  th^  intrepid  ssdlorv  Tiiis  relief 
of  then  and  stores,  crdited  grekt  Joy  iD^tho  tbwiu 
Our  army  ben^  their  disordeny  retreat.  M^ 
friend  Biiltpsoii«  with  his  party*  were;  laoc^  niis- 
osed^  froiiia  ne^et  of  ^ivlngbimintbrn^atioii 
of  the  intended  il^ht  of  our  army.  8oiiie^  fi^w 
of  ibe  men  uiH|br  his  aittborky^  itraggled  and 
w^re^taben  la  the^  retreat.  'i;iiey  eaine  to  InfaON 
bit:  our  hoase.  Miowt  for  the  first  limet  we  bei^ 
an  aeeottai  of  Cbe' oeeurr^nees  during  the  ¥^ 
ter^  blo^ade^  wbleh  to  us»  '^oagb  of'ti^ivlidi 
imporly  were  innnenseXy  interesting,  'Pb^- «al|;f^ 
of  this  day,  produeed  to  tiie  paiiKiners  aiMitioMl 
eomfbrt.  liioiMdi  the  tro«|i8  look 'a  ^severe  rcM 
venge  upon  o^r  mends  witboUtytiy  buridmg^and 
destpoying  their  jwnperties^  l^liil  mext  dfliy; 
more  ships  and  troiips  .arvived  ?  a  put^ii^  ^tookf 
plaee,  the  elket  of  wl^ieb  was  of  no  eonfte^itlo^' 
except  so  far  as  it  tended  to  etpel  Ihe  ««loi^ 
troojMi  from  Canaxhi.  To  Ibe  prisomhta,  tills  re* 
treat  had  pleasing  eonse^uenees  {  fresb  brea^ 
be«f  newly  slaughtered*  and  a  superabundaneci 
of  vegetables,  was  a  salutary  diet  to  our  rediR^ed 
and  soorbu  tie  bodies,  StiM  fNli^dom,  that  |p^e»t- 
est  of  biessingsy  and  exereise  \Vfre  rc%uire^*td 
bring  baek  |o,  «».genuf^  hea)tb»^  About ^ti^ 
time  an  incident  oceurred»  which  threw  us  into 


m^ 


170 


CNiiiii».i««iii:tartiirlog.9i«6erarprei»r¥ayUi«  &uift 
IU»  WHtJloitofhter  .Ikw  an  miUMwilMtiie.  Ahreat^ 
||ll»iitr  •fjMur  irtiMi^  Hm  ^ilji!  fcf iMipi/  llM  filt 
tMvtli  tt»  eii^oenlh  of  Mugrir  MlMidi  Ma*lea% 
JitJeiriiftHtf .  wmj^nr  fMrietolit «  jmiimd  rbl>olbet 
of  tiM  senerars,  mi^tr  M»ilNilnD»^  «€himiHm 

VOtt»|  .l#9«|tfi(M^  tftoia  Pftfat|g4  md  oth^t 

•fl««fi<iP  •alereA  ffe«  Jiill  slMiiit  niM^li^  Th4 
fiil«#«e«ii.  pttrwM  ID  the  Jftykjmid  eom|itetelf 
imiiillk^  C^ipHiiiiiPreitilit^lijp  tbcHKrvtitaiiof  c«b 

Hf|^|iitr  id  gQiKral  nMli-a-«iuNHkh»A  i«  oolonul 
m^m-mttf^'  afii  la  Uit»  maliaer  jmeeeclttd  lo 
fwuri^jril  4he.kia«liii8[«litti<aii»ta.  JBanpaDiog  la 
1^  yc^jr  i^ari  the  gaMUa»  ^  mllplil  be  mM^  «d»« 
H^fablv  im^  CSiiirietoiii*  be  tinii  4i^erbeAi#  ta 
ifl9^.f  trioive^  aailMitMa  it laatfidble f  faanal. the 
W|a9«^  Tbi•^ibaeo«< 

|||i#5<i|idetf«i«|  Ui  ba;  ifaae  IbHaedibtofy.  Oaa 
llllMibMrM  blft^  b« 

iiliilliinpfl  ^  ramintted  ta-  sMiKMne  off 

^  U«go»t  :b#llii  dlvatM^ 'aiA' tbf n  lailiiMv 
^4Sf^f.9o^ii^^^^  MbfcHia  Idaf bsmilhy 

1%^  eaaipaft^Wyoaff  H<aBa/*^^  &a  mtaaie^  tb» 
iiii|]pHalaf  bff>ibfe.blni.  Baiag^iioiir  at  lull  bo^ 
iifym^^  eoai^eliidia  baH^pNirlrwbi^ 
llill  (Mm  aiigiaalfy  f&Hmd^  aa*  it  aFere*  bgt» 
ilpattltf  BiftM  a  fli^ublr^leaoA^BBon  whiefo 
#leiipir^iitarfy»4ia9a^efad-tlsall^  Tba  v«ffie« 
MUe  imd  i«i^aamla;]f 

io»  ag  aa^otaiaf^  aal  aai^f  ai>»;BMan  af  aaireybut 
iii»^mii^l^&a0m  ieofbuMa^^naors  ope^ 

Dfttli^i  Baur  iiiba  nosl^  aatiye  w^l4  engage 
ifrta  gatti^  oi  ^ilitfea^'    HaiPlagi  ^faijrad 


<.C:ti  ..- 


•See  No^  XUI. 


in 


[Ml 
iflt 


mmM  ia-oonailiuiiioiH  it  »  pafty  lM««(iMM^ 
Eftt  iUw«9  to  mm  •eke4^  (pgr  tiM  oiMt  vIoImI 

tliint  ill'  Hie  lii^mMl  luioMf /whieh  IneiifiRoitatdl 
im  Srmm  pI'Ajr  Ibr  auuiy  Jiodri^  find  frein  vbiaa 
IrMft  Ike  cartb,  wber«  the  patient  Imi4  «e»tc4 
iMliiiieli;  Tlteie  paint  iMigiit  ua  io  Jieep  afoat 
all  di^  ami  eaea^i^  eat  a«r  Ibodla  an  ereoipou 
tiae«  Gkalag  Jta  lied  i«  iiiee«eiiia«rafier:eluu!d 
day ^  FN^^  4lieae  ientatleai  ^ef  paki  upqa  ila^iiiir 
4afW9  iaiiafdiataly  aHaeliedaa.  The  pain  mou& 
eeitttmie  lialf  im  lio«r»  and  ^elleA  longer.  Mf 
aani.  exipeiiettee  ^W  aattliDiilBe  me  to  «ay  tva^ 
lie<ire»  in  tl|e  BMMifogf  mm  nose  f^e  fvoiD  paiiif 
sad  the  Toutlne  of  play  and  Djitigue  eaaaed^  *Hit 
alwiqra  atlended  hy^tlie/Mimeefreetsy  farifeiilaiFly^ 
to  the  atebharn  atad  ineautiottSy  who  iroiild  net 
adlie«e^(te)the'irlioletonie«dvieeofiloetoF  May>. 
hiB.  Thoiewlieweaelnaetlvey  retained  ithoae  ex- 
anuoifttingiieiae  to  the  iaat»  tiageAfer  with  tihele 
Aittortedy  Moaitedy  and  hiaekened  limbs.  IJpe« 
oar  retujpn^^M^ai  Ganadat  io  tlie  atttamn  of  17769 
1  saw  fi?e  ev  lift  of  n^  erippled  oompatl^iialtr 
hohhling  Ihaeagb  the  stteeU  .iof 'Laiaicaater  imi 
their  wajheme*-  It  eett  »tear-#4ill  ttaii^eould^ 
be  g^ven.  By^the  tiMmth  eC  AAigast,  4ho  aedve 
weno  relleiEod  front  Ihose  paint. 

To^Ntardt  ibe  «nd  ef  Mayy  governor  Carletoa. 
ordered  eaeb  1^  the  ^Htoaert  a  linnea  lAAvt^ 
Thi»  gi£l^  io  me,  "vras  moit  agreeablef  at  Hnaen 
Bext  the. ekiiif  ifor  tome  inoitths  pastrwas  nafeltr 
and  feif  persmat^vho  have  not  felt  the  extremity 
of  tueh  enduraneof  as  cNirt^  ean  form  a  fulieon.* 
oeption  of  the  gratiAeation  we  cn^jed.  Having 
bad  but  one  thirt  on  at  the  4ime  of  onr  eaptmw^ 
U  was  toon  dettroyed  by^e  wearing^  aa44he- 
xepeated  watltingt  it  required.  Belfeacy  for- 
bids a  dtlatioa  upon  ti^o  eause  and  efbets.  You 
would  laugh  at  the  deseription  of  one^of  our 


17B 


Ire^  k«d  iiiMtf^ttrtwwIi^tilie  liaiptta  ^mtuk  j»kiii||^ 
fil»  iiafd  eolieofiied  tt^vukmbmar  <  i^i*  minror  under  H 
kope  of  pultins  «D:  end  to  feertaia  vngrnills^of'A 

SHera.wHb^wbicli  iRMt  otViis  mre  oeqdtilaiedi 
uring  the  lieiHnfff':  Um*  Telariee  ef  elenpUoeta^ 
^kMiked  in  a^  biiin£el»  or  bbiaMtu^^mtyimvdisbmd 
Hie  ebttUitioiio  of  ike  kelOe.    Tko  boikMg  dono# 
Ijte '  tinnen  wks  borne  4olto  yord^  where,  eooli 
f^tt#  washed  hk  own,  and  walohed  It  during  tko 
Apjinffy  almost' in  a  state  of  nature*    €aptshi 
Prontlsy  pitying  my  sad  eoBdltion»  pressed  4ipoi^ 
me  ol!u«  to  aeeeptfrom  hinlr  monejr  topurekaso' 
a  suit  of  elotiiesy.and  he  wolild  trust  toitho  kodw 
6v  and  integrity  of  -  my  father  for^!  payment^' 
whose  ehameterhe  knew*    AdheringtomyftrsI' 
determinatioUf  this  polite  and  generous  prdposal- 
of  my  amiaMe  and.desenring  friend^  was  as 
oflteii^  yet  tnost.tbankfttUy  deeUnedf  maugre  the 
adviee  of  my  bosom  friends  Boyd  and  Canning- 
ham  to  thooontrary.    He  however  foreed  ttjMm 
me  a  half  Johannes*    This  small  sum  was  appli-^ 
ed  to  the'solaee  of  my  heart,  o  In  the  first  plaee^ 
to  .an  article  still  more  neoessary  than  a  Mh. 
The  residue  was  expended  upon  matters  which 
cheefed  the  hearts  of  my.  messmates^  whom*  I 
deoiriy  loved ;  ^cheesoy  siigar»  teo^  coffee, .  &e» 
spirits  wa»' detested^  as  we  knew  It  to  be  a  poi» 
son  to   scorbutic  persons.    What  pleased   me 
much  moref  and  gave  me  pure  delight,  was  the 
ibUowlngooeurrence :     Ol*  my  own  accordf  no< 
onct  knowing  of  thf)  intention,  the  good  old  Irish^ 
pmk  :was  delegated  to  *  purx^hase  three  or  four 
pounds  of  tobaoc  Oi    ^It  was  secretly  brought, 
and  as  seiy^tly  borne  to  our  room.    A  pound^ 
was  produeed  and  falrlyparted  among  our  to- 


c 


17a 

lHM6«-oli0wen.    Tou  ««»••<  0oiieeiir« .  iMpJfj^ 
Wli«N  th«  llrtt  fiivoxltA  wM  ♦fti^  the  remunf  • 

fulnett  of  thoM  bmiwybiit  deilUutA  noOf  atoin^; 
t0«rm«4»  «ie»  n««r]|^  im  udoiatUw*    Y^tt  wiU  Mk 
vfkfl  Umt   ike  roMimt.    From  jMir  ipall, 
koowlsge  ^f  mwkittd^  yoM  oub  Iuito  UUlo  coji^ 
ocflton  of  tbo  fafoe  habit  hM  on  the  buiniMi) 
moo.    Otto  who  obewir  omokot  ^  pnuff^  to* 
Imooor  it  M  UtUo  able  to  abttftin  from  that  ear 
jofmeai^,^  aa  yoa  weukl  bo^  if  o#i»iMleilf  40  ra- 
fraia  fvoiu j^Mir  utual  aiaalf. ,  Tbii>  paptiealart 
i«.  spoken  oft>  to  ponaailo  Ma^bgf  ao  niaan >t<»jiie 
tobaeojo  in  any.  tbape*.  It  it  a  paiioDf  of  the  mott 
iareterate  UndrMibiob  like  opiaoirarieiiio^and: 
teveeal  mtheri  laediminiealtr  may  be  applied  to 
bealtbCal.  parpotet^  yetf  if  employed  ia  an  ex- 
treiae  d«|pi!ea»    praduees  lattaataneoat  death*. 
Tliete  ideat  are  aot.vitionaryf  but  are  tnpporta* 
ble  by  the  authority  ^f  tome  of  the  bc^tt  pbytiei- 
ant.    Y^u  are  at  Jail  JUb^vty  jta  pat.yonr  owH' 
ooattraetioat  apottc  theia  obterfn^Bi.    Bat  ta^ 
ueturn  to  my  feUoWrpiiloaert* 

In  the  ^Ideraetif  where  the  army  taof^jriui*i 
ottt  the  aitiele  af  tohaoeo,  the meja  ImmI  maw 
Yahmbhi  taoeedimeamt*.  The  badu  of ,  the  dif«T 
fereal  Uadt  af  ilrt»  theeedar,  the  red  i|rMlow»  1^/ 
find  the  kayat#f  amny  vjitriagaatorbilterplaatt 
supplied  the  fteii^; hv:i  within  the liarewalliof 
our  ;ihil».  4iei»  liNMir  ao  ttt^ 
and  imsbflM^  li^taUe*.  That  wHtJiU  m 
money  expeadcik  aad  mneb.  to  my  patig^^oiiu. 
aad  to  the  beari'^f^rft.  pleatnre  of  my  team  aw 
worthy  oompanioniM  whote  tuflTeringt^  ii|  eerta||i> 
poiatSf  were  gnsa^er  tbaa^my  o^wa^  ¥ha  taUe 


♦•SceKoteXIV. 


B'2^ 


174t 

With  etrtiVftlesemiiejr' tkod^  ^feiMijFktSy  we^m^in 
b«!eaiiie  melri^  vfiid  %Mietff1£(ML  >  »    ^ 

]0^  tbe  beginoiw  of  Jtiigpiwt^  ire^^^^^^  told  by 
oftMiiB  Pk^tMf  Imil4ha<6imrii#if  h)id»'eaiiolad- 
ed>  ta  tend  usl^  %eft  to  New^t^orlriti^n^rdUt^ 
td^'^  f^tp^ann  t»f  bekig  e:!ieilftiigi^;  ^^hftt^tte* 
trang^rlB^  Whieli' hud  broitght  4he  lutb  vein- 
fbreements  ^m  Eurofid,  4r«re'  dteansifig  biiA 

ifhatfonv  0ii  the  •  ftidveatli  af  >^iifii«ty  #^  tfalii^ 
seribecl  «tir  written- patolii^^  ^Gtifpialn  Pt«iH]« 
UPoeared  me  permlstiaa  fhMH  goireranietiti  ifrkh* 
a  fbw  fHenda^>  to  tra'^r6a'tk^6iV««>  Aa  affie 
df  tlie  i^rHflbn  attefidad^a«i ' '  Ou»ifM^'da«ire 
mst  to  see^the  grare'^f^biiiir  O^aetai^^  aad  tliafta^ 
af  hi»  aides;  'as^iirall^att  ^haie  af'tbe«4>eiayed 
Hendrleks  and  Haaf pht^t*  Tbe  ^pates  we^ 
"Virltbiti  asmail  plaee  af  interment)  neatly  \valled- 
WKh  ^tane.  Thecoffiafi.of  Maatgi^mery,  Ghee^e- 
anan  and  M'l^einiony  i^re  ureTl  arranged,  side 
by  side.  Those  of  Hendrieks,  Hnnifihreys^  Coop- 
el^k^^  were  arranged  on  the  sauHi  anie  of  the 
hielasnrev  but  as  the  burifdaaf  these  beroes>< 
tpak' place  in  a  dreiairywiater)  and  <tlie  •earth 
iftipenetrable,  ihei*e  was  but  litile<  sail* oa  the 
eMmUf  the  snaw  and  iee^  whieb  ferd  been  the 
priaeipal  eovetingy  being  now  ^dtssajtved/  the  foot 
df  the  OeneraFs  eoAffy  wai^  Aliased  to  the  air 
4iid  Yiew»  The  eoffia  watwwIblHned^f  Ar- 
Captain  Prentis  assured  me,  that  the 
sbomd  be  deepi^ned,  and  the  bodks  duty 
deposited;  Ibr  he  also  knew  M^tgomeiy  as  a 
Miow-saMer,   and  l(4aienCed  bis  antunely  fate. 

»  See  Note  Xy. 

m- 


* 


175 


Theiiee  we  proeefsded  past  tlie  eiMel/,>i^iiig 
tile  rftmparts  t(>  Cape  Biamoiid,  descended  t^ 
deelifky  sfauitifigiy^  and^exam^ped  tbe  slo<^^aMli 
and  bIoek<hou9e«  -  It  is  this  little. toalv  whi^ 
enaliied  me  to  dMotribe  to  .ywi,  -  ike  site  aiMf 
defenees  cf  ttlmt  J^raiidabie  imss.  Froeeeding 
tlienee  tliFougk>a  part  of  tlie  IjoweF-tdwiiy  iTe 
eame  to  a  narrow  street,  wliieh  led  us  to'an 
ifnmense  stair^ way,  >  one  mt  itlie  aseents  into  the 
Upper^town.  <  Aseending  here,  we  eame.  to  the 
main  passage,  whieh  eurvatured  down  the  hiM 
into  the  Limer*town,  and  whk)h  was  to  lead  lis 
In  our  supposed  attaek  upon  the  Uppei^'tomn; 
t^is  we  pursttod,  and  eame.  to  tlte  i^aee  of  the 
second  barrier,  whioh  had  been  lately  demons 
lished.  ^I^e  houses  on  both  sides  of  the  street, 
in>  which  we  had  tlEiken  our  «tand^  were  now.  in 
rtiiii8^>  hairing  been  burnjtrby.-thei  garrison,  at 
Were  the  suburbs  of  8t.  Roque  and  St.  Johnfs.' 
Tliie  wai^done  to  render  them  unfit  for  the  sli^ 
ter  of  ftiture  assailants/.  Thusvit  is,  that  war. 
destroys  the  wealths  and  i*ob84iie  individual  of 
hapidness.  We  had  no  time  to  Inalse  oWrva- 
tions,  but  such  an  could  be  done  In  jMissing  has-i 
tiiy;  Returning  to  die  Uppet*- town,  by  the  prills 
eipal  and  winding  road,  we  were  strongly  ini^ 
pressed  with  the  opinion,  that  if  our>  whide 
force,  as  was  intended,  had  fbr med  a  j  unction 
In  the  Lower«towtt,  that  it  wils  utterly  imprae-* 
ticalde,  eiUier  from  our  numbers  or  our  means^ 
to  mount  by  a  road  su^  as  this  was.  Suppose 
it  not  to  have  been  barricaded  and  enfiladed  by 
cannon,  it  must  be  assailed  by  the  bayonet,  of 
which  weapon,  we  had  very  few,  and  the  enemy 
was  fully  supplied.  But  when  we  reileet,  that 
ac*H)S8  the  road,  at  the  centre  of  the  arc  of  each 
eurvci  there  was  a  barrtoade^  ahd  cannon  plaoejl 


176 

t9^  litke '  tiM  interval!  betfroen  Mio  di^Mpeii^ 
iMirrieKtdety  the  diflieuft^as  of  tlie  aMeat»  whiok 
wvctrjr  U«ep>^  w«ttld  be-inereaBed  Qvea  to  iaiup«r 
iHoiiritabiHty.  Hie^  road  is  very  narrow  and* 
Haedy  next  tbe  bil)f  by  a  slvpciidon^  f^etpiee  :> 
en  Hie  other  haad^  there  wene  some  houses  ro* 
nontioally  perehed  on  the  side  of  the;  deelivilyi. 
and  some  reeks.  The  deeli?ky>ef  kself  was  an 
exeeUeot  defenee,  if  the  besie|p»d  eould  main* 
tain  the  position  in  front»  ibr  tn  a  short  timef» 
in  so  eonfined  a  sfiaeey  the  assailants  mttst  either 
die*  retreat^  or  be  thrown  down  tiie  hiil  from 
tlie  road*  But  suppose  aU  these  delbaees  over-. 
eome#  and  we  had  arrived  nt  the  brow  of  the  hill 
^|i^  the  entranee  of  the  Upper-towfly^  here  iv  still 
Inove  formidaMb  obstaele  pffesenled  itself»  than 
tiiose  whieh  eonid  be  formed  by  ^art  in  the  lo^er 
parts  of  the-  road.  At  thid  plaee  tho^  is  a  hoir 
low-wfiyv  v^hieh  io^  tiie  hurry  we  were  la»  an4 
the  8li9ilt^view  we  dared  taker  appeared  as  if 
ent  out  i^f  the  solid  roek»;<^  a  depth  of  thirty 
OP  foHy  6»et;  Athwart  this  way^  there  was  a. 
stroi^  stoekade  of  a  height  nearly  equal  with 
the  perpen^iealar  sides  of  the  way  orguUey.. 
!Prom  the  sufrfaee  abovey  we  might  have  l>eeu 
stoned  to  deathy  by  tlie  defenders  of  the  fortreesr 
without  a  probability  of  their  reeeiving  harm, 
from  us  beIow»  though  ev^  so  well  armed«  Bui 
the  stoekade  itself,  from  its  struetore  and  abun- 
<4ant  strength,  would  have  resisted  a  force  mani-- 
fold  our  numbers,  and  mueh  better  supplied 
and  aecotttred.  From  these  observations.^  (those 
of  an  uninstrueted  youth  to  be  sure,)  lliere  was^ 
no  hesitation  in  telling  my  intimate  friends,  then, 
and  stnee^  that  the  seheme  of  the  conquest  of 
the  Upper-town,  was  visionary  and  groundless  v 
set  ^  resjill^of  oar  dear  general?s  refleetions^ 


I 


*>'. 


m 


ifi 


%ii^tfedv%|i«i  Un  by  tlie  natiife  Mid^  neMttfi^i 
tieii^  of  Ilie^mttSy.  anil  l|k  dbagi:«i€«blf»  |if!edkil^ 

toivii  bad  mkett  eflfeet^  IW  gew^l'WoiiM  tbrnn} 
mosli  wol^ibli^  Jiave  d^vel^wd  bis  Mtnt  ttnil 
faal'  pkyiK  .Tbe  ]loas{Mis  giTen  i»  e^ttneil^  mi^ 
bave  boen  |wantrfc^eil»  iii«i^iy  toM  w^tk^ 

ii|>iHted  exeftlon  upon  tbo  fiaei  aC4be  s^leeii 
fUMl^sekliei^r  wbo  iKiere  not  in  tbevseoi«UJtf 
exi^ite  a  laedlioitB  valoi^  Gettiag  inlo«ei>i0iiflf 
a«4ioii»'  and  ivarmed  by  Ube  app9«ilioii-  of  tbi 
•nemy^  the  troofis  migbt  have  betft  •  iodiie^A 
lo'  fierseverey  in  aay  apparently  sadden  d^fe»igii 
of  the  general,  l^e  -  enpidity  of  the  soldiers 
bad  been  played  upon*  This  latter  faet,  is  kho^ 
to^  me  of  my  oim  partlei^r  knowledge^  Some 
Iveeks  before  the  attaefc/  the  soldiers  in  thei^ 
eomtaon  .eonversations,  ^  spoke  of  the  eonquesi 
of  the  eityy  as  a  eertnlnty  y  and  exultingly  of 
the  fplunder^  they  sbould  win  by  their  bravery. 
It  nyas  not  my  business  to  eontradiet :  bat  to 
urge  them  on.  Perhaps  the  setting  fire  to  tlie 
Lower^town,  on  the  side  of  Cape  Diamond; 
eoasidering  the  prevailing  wind^  wych  was  at 
south-east*  but  afterwards  changed  to  novih 
and  north- west;  sueb  a  design  might  have  been 
effected.  The  shij^ing  also  ice- bound,  nunfer'- 
ous  and  valuable^  moored  around  the  lYOint, 
would  have  been  consumable :  AU  this  dcstrue^ 
tion  would  have  been  a  victory  of  no  mean  kind; 
but  adding  eclat  to  the  known  gallantry  and 
prowess  of  the  general.  The  Almighty  willed, 
that  we  should  never  know  the  pith  or  uliN^ow 
of  his  projeotp;  whatever  they  were^  my  mind 
is  assured  that  they  were  considerat^y  and  well 
designed.  He  was  not  a  man  to  act  incautious-- 
]y  and  without  .motive^  and  too  honest  and  brave 


''-i'. 


na 

1#  addptu*  nsMer  fart,  ^i^^dtolit  int^MM 
cid  ksf  ^  ilii^AJimM)  of  ihfi  ipoiiifi|prfU|oii»;  Iipil4lif 

log : fr«ii*  .iP^^^^i^^e,,  aAeqiMito  io  O|ipo8e  u«^ 
Ili}ll|«  !if^iii:kii^«ac«t  if  ire  dig«ld  bap^n  4*  bii 
|B^  Vfa^:  fiivMia^iii,  in  smoh  » iMftiBa|#  *as  ta^bi^ 
i\v6  l^fb  4K|r  HitfAt  rfiit*e«l   isto  .|li«  eil^,  b]^ 

<»tecell  ^peU*-iftellfi  40ul-«lioiild  tlmt  ha»e  aeiiiev*^ 

Vpymv*Uiw»m  HKhiek  rwm  iUie  i^rimaf^  vi^w*  and 
last  bopiB  «»f  tbe  gfi»eml  .aait  Use  ^mmf*  Themf 
meise  tbb  eipuidip  notiaii»  ^^a^jiQiitliy  feime^  mpom 
the  spfll*  btit  ia  &  mMacttUoii  4if  |iHi^yeair», 
ave  8^11  retalBML 

The  |[en«fid  did  not  Jiant  for  inferma^B* 
Maoy  person^  male  -and  femaiey  (.oaiieeesBai^. 
aiottlhfif )  were,  expelled  the  ei^,  to  wander  fe^ 
vlibsiBteoee  aniqng  Uieir  friends^  ilie  eountry.- 
His  own  knowledgpe  of  4|aeheCf  w^bere  he  had 
8erv«d»  woajd:  enable  Mm  %interpogal^iony  to 
exioiri  from  ibo«e  emigraatB  a  full  stoek  of  infer- 
mation  ^of  tdi  the  new  defenees  ereeted  by  Go- 
▼er nor  Carielon  sinee,  Coneequently,  knowing 
the  pmeliettbiitty  of  Cape  Diamond,  (Jiuuce  de 
mertf  whieh  must  be  prorineialy  anu  1  do  not 
understaady)  as  an  entranee  to  the  Lower-town, 
^nt,^  BiOBt  dang;erous  one,)  and  that  of  St. 
Rofuc,  with  which  and  its  barraers,  he  was 
particnlarly  acciuairited,  from  his  ewn,  and  the 
«b9f^aiiQni}  of  jothens:    if  so»  he  would  uimt 


\ 


( 


I 


%". 


179 


i 


idWfftdly  to  inftNtoed  of  Ite  «bf6iiBi9!e  obiitvi^4 
lions  en  tlie  8lbp&  of  Iho  bill;  and  tbe  ^nd^ 
mmt  of  tho  tfoopoi  wliioh  yfwM  in  ooniequenoo 
vMenA :  tai4  he  wo^d  also  know  that  this  plao^ 
to  tho  garvitmn  woulil  be  a  poHfeot  l^hermoii^lflil 
taipaoaoMci'by  Ion  timiBa  our^nttmbert^  if  wehifet 
heoii  v«tenuMi>i^4  were  better  faniiished.  Fpom 
titese  r^aisoM*  Uiere  wa«  4in  .induoomenC  for  my 
m^odf^  at  aU  tiiiies  sinf$e  the  atlttiek^  toeooolnfle^ 
that  it  was.  never  general  Mototgonierj^V  real 
dosi|^n,  tis  eonquer  the  Uppper- tomn^  by  an  in* 
vadon  from  the  Lower-to!Vfn»  biit  his  hiddoa 
(md  true  pkin  waA»  by  a  eoniolidation  of  ous 
wholoforeet  to^  bura  the  Lower- town;^  and  the 
sHippiagt  and  to  retreat  by  the  way  of  Palace** 
gate  and  St.  Boq«ie.  If  ii  sally  was  made  al 
IMaeorgate,  the  events  as  was  Observed  before^ 
might  be  falii  to  the  enemy*  The  compeeheBfi 
sive  Yatnd  of  Moatgi^mery,  would  not  ooly  a|N 
ftpeciate  to  the  fuU  extent^  the  peeuliar  advan4 
tages  of  the  eoemy^  but  estimate  to  its  6nie 
value  the  means  he  possessed*  and  the  merita 
of  his  own  army.  Presuming  the  ooloaisls  ta 
be  saecessful  in  the  L^ower^owny  where  thtra 
wa»  mutth  wealth>  and  the  avarieioiis  among  us  be 
in  9#me  degree  gratiied*  It  would  liave  ereaied 
a  spirit  of  hope  and  enterprise  in  the^men^  tenAi 
ing  to*  Induee  them  to  remain  with  un.  AflerH 
Wards^  combining  oar  whole  foree*  with  the  fm» 
inforeements  we  had  a  prospect  of  reeelvlng^ 
an  attaek  upon  the  Up[ier-town  might  have  sue^p* 
eeed«<(d.  In  a  word  the  destruetion  of  the  Lowopi 
town,  in  my  appreUension*  should  bt«  eonslderedl 
merely,  as  preparatory  to  a  general  assailment 
of  the  Upper-towiiy  notwithstandinr  aM  that  has 
been  said  en  the  niemoi rs  of  those  days.  A.  eoa#> 
imwy  opiaion  went  abroad  ^  tlMMt  die  seaoxaiy 


180 


n 


If  he  Imd  iiyeH,  by  ibis  assaidt  "hrouldT  lifive  e«wi 
fleered  Quebec*'  No  idea  couki  be  more  fala^ 
elous*  It  was  poliiieall^  ngbt»  to  keep  up  that 
Opiiiioiif  among  the  people  in  tbose  trying  timeif 
bttt  Its  aeeominisbment  with  our  accompaniment 
of  men  and  defe^iTe  armsy  was  ideaK  Our 
walk  from  the  great  gate  and  palitade^  was  eon- 
BiderablB>  ere  ii^  reaehed  our  detestable  dwell- 
ing: as  we  had  eigoyed  a  few  hoiirs  of  Meeting 
UmBTiy,  tbe«lo<sking-up/'  became  fbe'^^morw 
borrible  to  our  feeliqgs.  The  next  dliTi  how- 
eveiTy  we  iiad  the  Ineffable  pleasure^  of  mareb^ 
lag  in  a  bodjr  to  tho  water  ^ide,  and  embarkiid 
.^jm  board  liTe  transports.  On  the  following  day, 
jpL  new  joy  was  in  store  for  me«  Gkinerai  Wit 
^m  Thompsun,  (of  whom  it  might  well  be  daidf 
j^ikh  is  a  mAftn";  who  had  commanded  our  re- 
feimentf  at  Prospeot-hilU  as  its  colonel :  he  had 
jwientak^n  prisoner  at  the  Three- rivers,  with 
Iseveral  other  ofHeers*  in  the  preceding  OHihfli 
of  luile.  He  was  now  aboard  of  our  little  Heet^ 
destined  to  New- York*  Thompson  oame  to  our 
thip,  to  visit  the  miserable  remnant  of  a  part 
^f  ills  gallant  corpe.  The  general  hfid  a  special 
Iftessage  to  me,  from  ray  father,  with  whom  he 
Iras  intimate.  Coming  throni^i  lAncaster  in 
lii»  Waj9  to  bis  command  in  Canada,  he  was 
anthorized  by  mjr  father,  if  he  saw  me  in  that 
eotiiitry,  io  furnish  me  with  money.  The  good 
l^ijaU'  proffered  me  four  half-Johannes't  one  only 
1^  aciiepted.  Wtiat  was  nearer  and  dearer  to 
li^'lteart,  was  the  infbrmation,  that  my  parents, 
Ida^ves  and  friends  were  well.  That  money 
^  Iras  applied  to  the  use  of  my  messmates,  in  the 
way  of^ea- stores.  Permission  being  obtained, 
Jio^  and  myself,  went  nshiire:  our  pnrchases 
cbnaistcd  of  a  Ver^  large  Cheshire  cheese,  coWdc, 


vrH§ 


1^   Alii!  wgft^   togethciK'wftfi 'k%*§^ 
df  t^aoeo  for  tli«  mep.    Agaio  petoA^k^f  J6IB| 
tr  find  iiih^  <!W  no^  fbt9«d^  tti.  _  / 

Wis  hhII^  9iti  tht  iiBtk  of  Atigitt*,  cdtito^W  M 
yie  Ptsitt4  ikfg^t^i  «aptid«  M«eti«fc.  JPs^^m 
tb«  ifoMghtfiil  idftttd  of  Ofie^tiir,  fefUnOi  M  Bkot^t 
ik^  oft^i^vod  tlio  fia^niiers  tikl^ni  thiel^  whettt^ 
Wtiioh,  ks  Wdrith  aloflg,  ivo  oouFl  irite^m  m 
baain»  til  mluijr  !n«tiuH^o»,  %Afe  gt^«ii  t«N^ifl^  ttt 
1bo«  of  Ibo  ftUlk.    I^om  tbfs  di^if^stitf#,  it 
^as  <oetioriide4  tttat  n*e4U«iitl^  |(ttif fi^dilMy  4j 
ooUl  or  Wtt  settdons,  the  gi^itftt  lAusl^l^  kl||>(ffr 
iia  todotie  in  tMo  noHh  of  £tiBlftniI»  nmm 
1ftn4  befoi^  H  ii  iiattsf^d  liffd  thp«>'8li6d. 
wliottt,  t1i6i>gtb  feO'vrii  bjBttvie<sii  the  fiftedMh  jsl^ 
twentieth  Of  Mi;,  and  proliibljr  somctittles  Wf 
iiwr  M»  lAter,  li  Wis^tJ',  atttf  |fWdu^^  *  S?*? 
fine  whtte  floor.    The  voyage  dotrii  the  jNftenr 
exee^t  «i(bw  bdiMerotiir  dayi(,  ivttd' pkiEis^nt  J^^ 
had  BOttie  HkohU  vieitiB,  iirtel^pwsed  liere  ,ap| 
there  wkh  iOiii^thlli$  likO  vin|b^&|  ctawSb  ar 
IWinA-hOui«s.    Afterwards,  ivrTiad  fft  fH^Ofpe.!^ 
a  blenk  tilid  dW^arjr  t0mi  irtid  edOtai^  y^^ 
ori^gednefite   ln«pli*ed  dUagre^M  jfe|i«^tif)% 
The  greaWHt  tnirioiftleB  were  ikt^  ^fs^  who^e 
hhtotf  iiiid  tfiifaiiii^s  were  tl^nyiO^njtO.p^^^^  ^4 
whoie  Iftliii^  foirih  exciited  )itteei|tlaiif  as  i^ 
wet^  ereepil^  np  or  basking  on  tie  roeks.  The 
porpoises  perfcctW  tvhite^itt  vast  #i^e«,  pW^% 
beilnre  and  aronnd  ns,  at|d  drew  my  s^tentloii  and 
flurfirise,  a«  none  but  f  he  Matk  sottt^^|oi^ppis9 
bad  before  ^tat  under  my  view.    ToWcome  a 
naiurulist,  It  is  neeessary  a  tofi^n  shouta  travm 
it  was  many  years  before  books  eouW  persuaAp 
Ate  of  the  existence  of  a  green-haired  nionki^f 
but  these  Were  diminntive  objects  indeed, jn  na^ 
tare's  ioalo>  Of  eOnimiratlve  imagery,  when  eon- 


182 


L'- 


frMted  yihh  tbe  immeiise  river  C«4>Hni^iia>  ;#r 
hdji\i  !•  now  ealled  St  Lawi^^^nee^  secancl  to  no 
j^riQ  th6  ^otlif  iinless  it  be  the  I,f  Pluta,  ol' 
South  4^^i^ea.'  MEakiilg^ tbui  obsfervftljoQ,  you 
loujlt.  uMerstaod  me  .to  melude  wHblii  i^  tbo 
lii&e  Hweriori  and  the  Wfiters  wbieh/feed  that 
Ifike.  jGMTGasDT  Pointy  where  .we  r*ioii  orrived. 
In  a  diie  iiorih  ltne»  aeross  the.  ishind  of  Anti- 
foostay.  th0  riyer  is  about  ninety  n^li^i  wide* 
i|teeite|^  with  .&yorab  weather*  the  iskmd  of 
i$t.'  tbhils  oanie  in  View;  passing  |t»  and  the  Gut 
^  0anQeaiiX9  experieneitig  some  stormy  weather 
iij^d^  the  beean^  and  a  few  diffiopltieii»  we  ha|^ 
jf  ari*ived  at  New-York  09 ,  the  fjeventh  of 
pten^herf  17769  and  anehored  thre^nMles  south 
4f  Governor's  fsIiftndV  .ifow  it  iras,  for  the  first 
ft|iie|';thai  we  heard  of  the  dilemipii  in  whijsh  our 
Ibi^^ry  stood. 

*  ,^ie  battle  of  liOpg  Island,  on  the  iMn^nty  se* 
]fchth  of  August*  had  beeci  unsueeessfully  fought 

fdtti^  trooj^Sy  many  of  whom  were  prison^s. 
sileh  hiirrylag  times»  in tfrf Curses  betweeii 
iiiie^  armies  in  the  way  of  negotiation  upon 
i%  point*  are  effeeted  with  difficulty*  We  had 
#kit^  p^ttiently  feveral  weehs*  4o  be  disembark* 
iid  oi  bui*  own  friendly  shore  j  yet  tantfl^ized 
everj^  d4y  with  reports*  that  to*morrew  we 
Should  be  put  on  shore :  some*  and  in  a  little 
while  all*  began  to  fear  it  was  the  intention  of 
t&eneral  Howe*  to  detain  us  a«  pi*isoners  in  oppo- 
aitfon  to  the  good  wHl  of  sir  Guy  Carleton.  This 
niDtlon  hiid  so  strongly  impressed  the  minds  of 
my  IHend  doctor  Thomas  Gibson*  and  a  young 
man  ealled  John  Blair,  of  Heoclricks*  that  they 
idetor mined  to  escape  from  the  »hip.  They  were* 
Imth  of  tlwm*  athletic  and  able  hudied  men*  and 
most  adroit.    Gibson  planned  the  manner  of  es- 


IP 


185 


rou 
the 


eape ;  its  ingenioQsnesfr,  liasBttrdy  boTdness  of  'e£^ 
dtition  and  eventual  success^  reeehed  the  vtX^ 
plause  of  ally  but  ^ti%  ditopprovcd/  upiti  IM 
i^Mnciple  tbat  it  ti*efie|tcd  upon  their  boiior^  an^ 
tvotild  Impede  our  ielease.  l^he'  stolry  is  thiisi; 
ifiifoson  and  Blairy  in  the  eVeiiiii^y  dressed  in^ 
AiiKs  and  trowseiirdy  were'  upon  the  niain  deeli 
ivith  their  eustomary  flapped^  hatsy  on  their 
keads.  Gib8oi||[  gave  mci  a  8qttee:|s6  of  the  han^ 
in  tolsen  of  farewell ;  ho  was  greeted  kiiif<n^  fot 
fie  wis  the  brofliet*  of  my  sooL  He  Ind  hil^ 
eompanion  went  ib  the  fol>eeastie|  where  thei^ 
Were  two  large  NeW-Fotindland  do^>  i^ach  oJT 
whieh  had  his  paHy^or  i*aiheF  bis  jmrtizaili 
among  the  cre^v.  These»  the  adveintnrers  hiss- 
^  at  each  other.  Tho  dogs  being"  enigage^ 
with  th^r  usual  fpT7;cittraoted'fbe  attention  of 
the  sitilors  afid  many  of  tht  prisoners:  th^y  toUk 
this  epportuiiftjr  of  stripnitig  and  Ijetting  theinr- 
selves  down  at  tbci  bow  into  tbb  wateW  Leani 
ing  over  the  s^des  of  tho  sMp^  iil  Company  lit 
some  friends^  in  the  secret;  and  ttnrega]!dfnl  <^f 
Ihe  dogsy  we  awaited  the  management  of  tlie 
flight.  The  Hist  lighted  eloud  appeanSd  low  ik 
the  west.  Somethingextrsiordinary  passmi  albn|; 
the  side,  a  foolish  f^ow  asked, «« what  is  that  ?^ 
<<a  wave*  yon  fool — a  mere  deception  of  si^t/*^ 
was  answered.  It  was  the  head  of  Orison,  cov- 
ered by  his  large  black  hat.  li?ithito  a  I^W  yards 
of  Gibson  came  Blair,  but  with  a  smitller  hat, 
he  was  obvious ;  his  white  skin  discovered  him* 
but  luckily  tiie  attention  of  the  <' ignoramus^*^ 
was  engaged  another  way.  These  daring  men 
swam  to  the  barge  at  the  stem,  entered  it,  and 
slipped  the  rope.  They  ha?!  rowed  a  thousand 
yards  before  the  boat  was  missed.  The  other 
boat  %  of  onr  ship,  and  of  those  near  lis,  wei*e  des- 


E etched  after  the  rooamra^s^  it  ms  iinb  late,  i\kp 
(j^Uives  jiad  too  imiek  of  a  atari  t^  be  ea^Uj 
•t^rtalieo.  "JCh^y  laa^ledy  (having  rowed  abput 
iv^  iliilfP9f)  Dakeq*  in  our  own  eottiilryf  some- 
iHiere  fn  tlie  yioinity  of  Bergen-neeky  and  bar* 
tered  the  boat  for  9ome  ordinai^jr  olothhig,  Thej 
waited  on  general  Washiiigton,  who  disapprovea 
#f  their  demeanor. 

A  short  time  after  the  foregoing  o^f  arrenc^^ 
a  mc^il^tieauiifttl  and  lumiuoas,  but  balf^fpil  fflg^ 
oaeiirred  to  us,  that  is,  the  eltjofNew-Xork  aii 
flre»  One  nighty  (Sept.  %»,)  the  wateh  on  deeU 
gave  a  loud  notioe  of  thit  diiatter.  Running  up^ 
on  deek«  W0  oould  nereeive  a  lightf  whii^h  at  tlif 
iUstanoe  we  were  from  it»  (four  mUeSf)  was  ap^ 
rarentiy  of  the  size  of  the  flame  of  a  ei|i|dle^ 
Thi9  Vght  to  mOf  appeared  to  be  the  burniiig  of 
an  old  and  noted  tavern^  eaUed  the  <«  Fighting 
qoeks/'  (where,  ere  this  4  had  lodged,}  to  th^ 
east  tf  the  battery#  aadnear  the  wjharf.  Tiie 
W^nd  was  southwai^ly,  and  blew  a  fresh  calei 
the  flames  at  this  plaee,  because  of  the  wind,  in- 
^r^eased  rapidlj.  In  a  moment  we  saw  another 
light  at  a  great  distance  firam  the  first,  up  the 
Iforth  river.  The  latter  light  seemv^l  t^be  an 
original,  distinet  and  new  formed  fire,  near  acel- 
ebrated  tavern  ia  the  Broadway  called  «  White- 
S(al|.*'  Our  anxlet|^  for  the  |ate  of  so  fine  a 
^^^  cautcui  much  solicitude^  as  wo  harbonred 
suspi<iion4  that  the  enemy  b»d  fired  it.  The 
fifties  were  fanned  by  the  Wiskness  of  tlie 
l^eae,  wd  diWo  the  destrue^ve  efleets^f  the 
clement  on  aH  sides.  When  the  ftre  reaohed  the 
apiro^^fa  large  steeple,  south  of  the  tavern^ 
which  was  attached  to  a  large  church,  the  effect 
upon  |fa^  iiye  was  astonishingly  grand.  If  we 
oould  have  divested  ourselves  of  the  knowledge,; 


^ 


h 
d 

a 
fl 
t 

SI 

•tl 

n 

tl 

-tl 
•tl 

m 
ii 
i 


V 

■I 
i 


/ 


1 


185 


tirat  it  ir«f  m^  tiroperty  of  oar  fellow-eitifleln 
^hioh'  was  eOQtiiniiiigy   tlie  yIow   iu^[;lit  hii?o 
been  eBteemcd  MiUiliief  if  not  ploMiflg;    Tbe 
deek  dF  oiiriUpt  ikrvMby  hours,  wat  ^|itod  li 
lit  noon  day.    in  tiM  eommonoement  of  flic  eoii- 
flngrAtionf  we  oiMwrv^  mniy  bonti  pattiog  off 
fk*oni  tiie    fleetf  rowtng  speed&y  towards  thi^ 
oify ;  our  iiont  wns  of  tho  number.    This  eireum- 
«tAttee>ejpMed  the  ideUf  thai  our  enemies  were 
the  liieenitfari^^  fbi^  Indeed  tliey  profeise^ 
weit  in  aid  of  the  faihabiUnts.    llie  boat  li- 
tttried  about  day  J^t»  and  from  the  relation  eif 
the  dflleer  and  the  er^w»  we  elearly  diseerned 
that  the  burning  of  New-¥oiiL  was  the  act  of 
some  mad-eai^  Attierioans*    Hie  sailors  told  us 
in  tli^  blunt  ilianttery  th|it  they  had  seen  one 
Ameriean  haiii^ng'by  the  heels  dead,  having  a 
bayonet  wound  through  his  breast*  Thev  named 
him  by  his  Christian  and  simame,  whfoh  they 
eaw  in^hitod  on  his  arm;  they  averred  he 
wM  eaudit  in  the  filet  of  firing  the  houses* 
'They  tokl  us  ali«f>  that  they  had  seen  one  pi^- 
son^  who  war  taken  In  the  faetf  tossed  into  the 
'firei  aiid  that  severals  who  were  stealing!  and 
tnspeeted  as   ineendlaries^    were  JmTOnetteil* 
Summary  justice  is  lit  no  time  lattdlabiey  but  in 
this  Instanee  It  may  hare  been  eenmt.    If  the 
Greeks  oeuld  have  been  resisted  at  PeriMpolis> 
every  soul  of  them  ought  to  have  {been  miissa- 
ered.^^     The  tes^mony  we  reeeived  fHHim  the 
sttilorsf  my  own  view  of  the'  distinct  heglft- 
nitigs  of  the  fire^  in  various  spots»  remote  front 
each  other,  and  the  manner  of  its  spreading. 
Impressed  my  mind  with  the  bellied  that  the 
hurning  of  the  eity  was  the  doings  of  the  most 
low  and  vile  of  persons,  for  the  purooses,  not 
only  of  thieving)  but  of  devastation;  This  seem* 

Q  2 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■SiRM    125 

■^  I2ii   |22 

hS.    12.0 


us 
lit 

lit 


I: 
■ 


|!:25||,.4,,.6 

^ 

6"     

► 

7. 


Hiotograiiiic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


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)!86 

pi  tpQ,  Uic  general  seni^e^  not  <oiilj  of  t)i«  Brit- 
ifhf  biit  tliyit  or  4 lie  prisoners  th<ui  aluiard  tl^ 
:^riinsparts*    hnyin^  flir^p^i;^  6i>i|lii  of  the  oUjr, 
^4  ill  a  range  >vjtU  Bvmdyr^y^  yr^  bN  a  fak 
^9li4  fjiil  view  4»f  ike  wha)o  {trofess.  ,  Tlie  peit- 
i$Qn9  in  Uie  ships  nearer  |^  Use  town  th^  we 
mete,  UQiforndJr  licld  tho  «afi»e  opifiiQn.      |t 
was  not  iit|iil  sonu3  ^^^rs   aftairwarfis^   tii^t  h 
doubt  was  er^atedf   but  |br  ^1^  fcon^r  of  our 
oouiitr^  ajul  its  good  ntiu^^f  ^n  ikseiiption  was 
ipadc,  of  Itie  firing  of  ltUe^itj>  to  acfsidental  cif- 
cumstanees*    It  in^y  b^  wcU^  that  si  natioAi  ifi 
%he  heat  and  ttt«*bu)ence  of  WHr»  should  endeavor 
to  proiiioto  its  interests* 'bj  the  i^rop^igating  re- 
ports of  its  own  imioej^ney  and  prowess^  ami  ac- 
cusing its  cne^ny  of  l^grHiit  foormity  and  das- 
tardlinessy  (as  was  dono  in  this  partloalar  ease*) 
))ut  Whdfn  peaoe  cowcsy  let  iis^  ip  lUod*a  name^dp 
^justjce^  to  them  aiid  i>ui*selves«    !Pasfn^s  ami 
Villany  aire  ^^  growth;  of  aU  viiiiies,  anil  of  all 
nations.     \Vilhout  l^e  most  i^uuiieroiisy  and  the 
jl^ost  eof^nl  tcstiinoayt  as  th^   (iH<!t  oeeurred 
>fitiiin  my  own  yicw>  Ihf  ,olof|iei|c#  ^f  Ciecro 
^CpilMi  not  convince  pie  tiiat  Uj^  iSring  was  aecj- 
j^etitalf     So^^^  time  t^ft^r  the  hurning  of  the  eiljr, 
we  uiifkrstoofi  thajl;  w^  were  to  l^  ernbarkcd  m 
, stii^l]^^  IMdil  landi^d^  at  ^U2abethtown*poi9t« 

T^e  i^teUig^nee,  ^auaed  a  ^aR{|lli|g  in  evfdy 
«5ye.  On  |J^e  next  day^  about  n^on^  ive  wi^rc  in 
the  baal8:<^^-adverse  winds  i^e^irded  u|.  It  was 
ten  or  eleven  at  i|i^U»  Mfore  i¥e  laiMled|-^tfa^ 
moon  sUo^  beaut^utly.  Morgan  stood  in  tka 
\^io^  of  the  boatjk  malUag  a  sgiriiigt  not  easily  sur- 
^ssed^  and  lulling  on  U>^  i^iurthy  as  it  were  to 
gi'Hsp  it'r^rietl  ^*Oh  n»y  «oantry«t"  We  th^ 
were  near  ^iiii9  pursue4d  his  e^iample.  Now  a 
)raee  c(M9meue<»d^  ytlH^h  in  ^uiojkneasi  eott|d 


rC' 


167 


I  BpU- 
rd  tUe 
e  cUjr, 
a  faU* 
«  peit- 
^^  we 

of  PIU* 

tal  cif - 
iotti  in 

iBg  re- 

Liul  ae- 

id  dasf- 

easey) 

Line,  dp 

fts  ami 

of  all 

d  tUe 

itirred 

Led  HI 

It. 

^re  in 

It  was 

-the 

tbe 

suie- 

Ire  to 

IM 

lew  a 


Boareely  be  oxeee4)ed#  tttid  •siMm  brought  us  t» 
Elizabethtowfi.  Iiere»  those  of  us  who  wer&^ 
diTOWBjv  spent  nn  uneasy  mi^hi*  Being  unex- 
peeie^l  gqestsy  and  the  to«vn  full  of  Iroops,  «o 
quarters  were  provjiled  fi»r  us.  Juy  rewlereil 
hetls  vselessy  we  did  not  elose  our  c^s  tyi  daj^ 
light.  SMg»og*  daneing,  the  ImHan  halloo,  m 
nhoru  every  s|>eeies  i^f  voeiferousness  was  adopt 
ed  by  the  men,  and  many  of  tlie  most  respectable 
aergeaittSf  to  express  their  extreme  pleasure*  4 
stranger  eoming  among  themt  would  Imre  pro. 
liouneed  them  mad»  or  at  least  intexieated; 
lliough  sinee  noon,  neither  food  nor  Hi|uo r  hail 
pass^  our  Kps;  thus  the  passiiws  may  at  times 
have  an  influeneeua  the  human  fraiticy  as  ine- 
briating as  winey  or  m^'  other  liquor.  The 
morning  brought  us  plenty*  in  tlie  form  of  ra- 
tions of  beef  and  bread*  Hunger ;  allayed^  my 
only  desire  was*  to  proceed  home«'at*ds«  Mo- 
ney was  wanting*  How  to  obtain  it  in  a  plac€» 
where  all  my  irirnds  und  ^aoiiiiaintances  were 
alike  poor  ami  destitute^  guve  me  ^reat  anxiety 
and  pain*  Walliing  up  the  street  very  ihelan- 
cholyy  unknowing  what  to  do^>X  observed  a 
waggon*  built  m  the  liancaster*  sOounty  fasli- 
ion«  (whieh  at  that  tim«N  was  peonliar  in  Jcn^seyf) 
unloading  stores  for  llie  troops* :  efime  or  eom^- 
;ing*  Tiie  owner  toeing  me*  gnaapiiig  ii^  haad 
with  fervor*  told  me*  evei^  onebejl^^ved  nmiB 
be  de&d*  TelUi^  him  out  story  In  A  oo«npeiidi- 
.ousi  manner*  tlie  good*  (M. man*  without  si^ioi- 
tation*  presented  irne  two  silver  dollars*' tb  be 
repaid  at  Lancatter*  They  wtre  i^adly  reeeif - 
ed,*  My  heart  became  easy.  The  next  day* 
in  eompitfiy  with  ll^  latlb  oofooid  Febiger»  and 


u^^^i^m:^^: 


iw 


i,i/e 


f 


|v 


188 

tke  present  general^  Nieliols,  ancl  som^  other 
gentlemen^  we  preoiif^  a  light  re tuHi^Hraggoii^ 
whieh  gave  us  a  eatt  as  fkr  as  PrlneetoiK  ilare 
we  had  the  pleasure  of  emiversing  with  Dr.  Wl- 
therspooDy  who  wis  the  first  that  iaformed  us^ 
of  a  resolution  €2  Congress  to  augment  the  ar- 
my. It  gave  us  pleasure^  as  we  had  devoted 
ourselves  individuallyy  to  the  serviee  of  oiir 
country.  The  next  day^  if  not  incorrect^  we 
.proceeded  #i»'ibot^  no  carriage  of  any  kind  be- 
ing procurable.  Night  brought ^us  up  at  a  farm- 
house,  somewhere  near  Bristol.  The  owner 
was  one  of  us,  that  isy  a  genuine  whig.  He 
requested  us  to  tarry  all  ntght^  which  we  de- 
clined. He  presented  us^  a  supper,  that  was 
gratefirlly  received^  Hearing  our  story^  lie  was 
much  unected.  We  *  then  tried  to  prevail  on 
him^  to  take  us  to  Philaddphiay  in  liis  light 
waggon,  it  was  objeoled  that  it  stood  loaded 
with  hay  in  the  ba«*n  floor;  bis  sons  were  asleep 
or  mbroad.  W^  removed  tliese  objeetionsy  by 
'UnloMittg  the  hay^  wliile  this  good  citizen  pre- 
pared the  horses.  Mountingf  we  ar lived  at  the 
«Harp  and  Crowa^''  aboiit  two  o*eloek  in  the 
liioniing.  To  :uBf  it  was  niost  agreeable,  that 
WW  paasieil  Arimgh  the  streets  of  Philadelphia, 
In  tlie  i|lghr  timCf  as  our  clothing  was  not  only 
thi*eadhp^  but  ahabhy*  Here  we  had  friends 
iuid  funds*  n4  ^1^  advimeeil  me  a  sum 

sliiirtei^  ^  ernme  tie  lo  exdiange  my  lef^gtM 
Mii  moekatinsy  tor  a  pair  of  stockings  and  gbdcSf 
And  ti^  iMt^my  eacpenses  home.  A  day  and  a 
halfi  br^ttglit  me  to  the  arua  of  my  beloved  pa- 
rents. 

At  iniUadelnliiaf  I  wiUted  upon  a  cousin  of 
my  mother's,  Mr.  Owen  Biddle,  then  a  mem^ 
her  of  tilie  ^<  Council  of  Safet^>"  who  Infsrmed 


5  other 
mggon, 
il«re 
>r.  Wl. 
ned  iMf 
the  ar- 

of  oiir 
Bct,  mrc 
Jnd  he- 
I  farm- 

ownet 
g.    He 

we  de- 
lat  was 
he.  was 
rail  on 
is  light 
I  loaded 

asleep 
►ns,  by 
)n  pre- 

at  the 

in  the 
that 

;Iphia, 
konly 
[rlends 
|a  sum 

^«^»» 
^lideSf 

land  a 

pd  pa- 


189 

me*  that  wliile  in  captivity^  he  had  prbcured 
me  a  lieutenancy.  My  heart  was  otherwise  en. 
gaged.  Morgan  the  hero!  had  promised  and 
obtained  for  me,  a  captaincy  in  the  Tirginia- 
)itic%  Following  the  fortunes  of  that  bold  and 
judicious  eommandery  my  name  might  have  been 
emblazoned^  in  the  rolls  of  patriotic  fame.  But 
alas !  in  the  course  of  eight  weeks,  after  mj 
return  from  captivity,  a  slight  cold,  caught 
when  skating  on  the  ice  of  Susquehanna*  or  in 

gursuing  the  wild-turkey»  among  the  Kittatinny 
ills,  put  an  end  to  all  my  visionary  schemes 
of  ambition.  This  cause  renewed  that  abomin- 
able disorder,  the  scurvy,  (which  I  had  sup- 
posed, was  expelled  from  my  system,)  aecom- 
panied  by  every  morbid  symptom,  whieh  had 
been  so  often  observed  at  Quebec,  attendant 
upon  others.  The  medical  men  of  all  classes, 
being  engaged  in  the  army,  that  species  of  as- 
sistance was  unattainable,  in  the  degree  re^i- 
site,  lameness,  as  you  now  observe  it,  was  the 
consequence.  Would  to  God !  my  extreme  suf- 
ferings, bad  then  ended  a  life,  which  since, 
has  been  a  tissue  of  labor,  pain,  and  misery^ 


t 


linof 
nem*- 

*med 


'VS  ,-v». 


»  \ 


NOTES 


,  •) 


.J  -  ,. 


NOTE  I.  page  18. 


The  gentlemftn  composing  thispartyy  were  unwil-  ^ 
ling  to  impose  upon  me,  any  thing  above  my  apparent 
strength^  yet  in  the  heyday  of  youth,  I  would  clap  a 
canoe  on  my  back,  and  run  a  hundred  yards  across 
a  carrying-place.  This  is  done  by  a  particular  mode 
of  management.  There  is  a  broad  stave,  some  thing 
like  a  flour  barrel-stave,  but  strait  and  thicker,  ^ith 
two  perforations  in  it,  an  inch  or  more  apart,  towards 
the  middle  of  the  stave.  A  thong  of  stout  leather  is 
inserted  through  those  holest  and  tightly  bound  to  the 
central  cross-bar  of  the  canoe.  The  carrier  swings 
the  canoe  by  a  sudden  jerk  upon  his  shoufelers,.and 
which  he  can  handle  with  ease,  throwing  the  lu>llow 
^de  of  the  canoe  on  his  back,  the  stave,  if  it  may  b^ 
so  caHed,  resting  principdly  on  the  hind  part  qf 
the  head,  and  the  prommenpes  of  the-  shoulders. 
Thus  he  may,  if  a  strong  man,  pass  over!  a  tonsideit-^ 
able  ^space  of  ground  of  a  difficult  natu^,  in  a  Short 
time  with  much  speed. 


NOTE  II.  page  23. 


In  traversing  this  meadow,  which  was  a  beautiful 
^iin,  one  of  the  party,  found  the  horns  of  a  moose- 


192 


deer,  which  from  appearances  had  been  shed  in  the 
foregoing  summer,  or  perhaps  in  the  beginning  of* 
autumn  :  being  ^en  about  five  feet  ten  inches  high, 
Getcheil  facetiously,  jtt  gravely,  inttsted  by  way  of 
measurement,  thst  I  should  stand  lender  the  main 
fork.  The  crown  of  my  head,  rubbed  against  the 
crown-work  of  the  horns.  This  to  all  of  us,  was  mat- 
ter of  great  surprize.  However,  in  a  short  time  after- 
wards the  circumstance  of  size,  was  thought  little  o^ 
when  we  came  into  contact  with  tlie  living  animal, 
upon  whose  head  such  horns  grew.  There  is  a  pau- 
city of  words  for  a  description  upon  paper,  of  the  enor- 
mous dimensions  of  the  male  moose  which  we  saw» 
and  of  their  hornS.  The  niale-deer  bears  horns;  the 
female  bears  none.  Those  horns,  which  we  examined 
minutely,  were  of  a  large  size,  but  not  so  large  as 
some  we  saw  on  the  living;  deet.  About  fliid#4y  of 
the  horn,  from  the  crown  of  the  head^  there  is  a  broftd^ 
flat  part  of  the  hom^  called  the  bllide,  which^  in  the 
apecimeh  under  examinatd«in,  wits  i^W  two  of  my  spaiis^ 
or  neaiiy  twenty  inches  fh)tti  whence  branched  the 
proud  antlers  or  prongs  There  is  no  ^east  of  the  for^ 
est  more  hand  somely  decorated,  uiiless  it  be  ihA 
rein<leer  of  the  north  of  Europe  a^A«il0i.  In  the 
evenings,  in  the  first  aS@nsion  of  the  j^^nhebec  dhd 
Dead^rivers,  sitting  around  our  sotitarj^  Mnoke  fireS) 
we  have  often,  seen  those  stately  deer^  passing  the 
liver  ki  droves,  sometimes  of  fifteen  or  t\^eni^  in  num-^ 
beri  the  one  walking  after  the  other  in  the  accustomed 
path)  but  due  care  and  discipline  -kept  ou^  Urms  t|uietl 
The  country  around  Nattnis  hou^e,  a  circle  of  ten  of 
fifteen  miles,  was  at  that  ^me,  an  adnnrable  ^  hUMin|^ 

ground."  One  day,  suddenly  passing  aShaip  pq^t  df 
le  rlveri  about  Ive  miles  belo#  Nirtanis  cabbiii^ 
we  as  suddenly  fell  back.  We  w^ted  fresh  food. 
Regardless  oi  what  might  follow,  Steele  permitted  us 
to  fire.  We  had  seen  five  or  six  of  those  monstrous 
deer,  standing  itk  the  water  kA6e^eep,  feeding  on 
their  favorite  food,  the  red  willow.  Boyd,  Wheeler 
^3bA  a^^self  |)RS»edthe  river,  out  of  s^htof  the  moosCf 


193 


I  in  the 
ning  of 
8  high, 
way  of 
e  main 
inst  the 
as  mat- 
le  after- 
little  of, 
animal, 
I  a  pau- 
le  enor- 
^e  sawr 
ns;  the 
camined 
large  as 
dir^y  of 
a  broad) 
[y  in  the 
ly  ftpaiis^ 
hed  the 
the  fol*^ 
be   th^ 
In  the 
ee  ind 
e  firt:s> 
iHg  the 
h  Aum<^ 
stomed 
s  ^uiet; 
teij  o^ 

iq^t  df 
cabbii^^ 
Ih  food, 
tted  us 

strous 
mg  on 

heeler 
oosei 


ill  tlie  most  cautionary  manner.  The  stream  htvt 
was  not  more  than  sixty  yards  wide.  Wo  approached 
them  through  the  thick  underwood,  which  clothed 
the  bank.  Boyd  preceded.  The  rustling  of  the  loaves 
alarmed  the  deer.  They  throw  up  their  heads.  What 
a  sight !  The  antlers  of  several  of  them,  seemed  to 
exceed  in  size,  those  we  had  already  seen.  Bovd  ap- 
prehensive they  were  about  to  run  from  us,  fired  with- 
out giving  Wheeler  and  xnyself,  an  opportunity  to  take 
a  stand,  but  the  greatest  misfortune  was,  that  tho 
worthy  Boyd,  had  neglected  to  clean  his  gun  that  day, 
it  made  long  fire,  and  but  a  trifling  report.  The  bullet 
scarcely  reached  tlie  deer.  Wheeler  and  myself  ^ero 
creeping  to  our  places,  when  Bpyd's  gun  disturbed 
the  animals.  The  guns  in  our  hands,  were  ineffec- 
tually disck^rged.  This  jejune  occurrence,  is  related 
merely,  for  the  introduction  of  a  single  observation. 
When  the  bull  moose,  at  the  rustling  of  the  leaves, 
and  afterwards  when  Boyd  fired,  threw  up  their  heads 
— the  tips  of  their  horns,  seemed  to  me  to  stand  eigh- 
teen feet  in  the  air.  The  ndge  of  the  shoulder,  seem- 
ed seventeen  hands  high.  The  largest  of  these  ani- 
mals was  a  lutiua  natura.  The  moose  in  ordinary,  is 
of  an  ashcolored  grey.  The  one  I  speak  of,  was 
flecked,  in  large  spots  of  red,  on  a  pure  white  ground. 
His  skin,  if  we  could  have  obtained  it,  would  have 
been  a  valuable  curiosity. 


NOTE  III.  Page  39. 

The  birch-bark-canoe,  as  intimated  before,  in  the 
body  of  the  work,  is  not  only  a  curious,  but  a  most  in* 
genious  machine.  So  far  as  my  descriptive  powers*  cx>* 
tend,  you  shall  have  its  construction,  descril^d  in  Wf^* 
«ing,  but  without  the  aid  of  the  pencil,  it  seems  to  >c 
almost  impossible  to  convey  to  you  a  juit  and  accuratP 
comprehension,  of  the  distmct  pails  of  thki  beautiful 
piece  of  water-craft.  Having  had  several  oppoitUfil- 
ties  to  observe  the  manner  of  the  formation  of  th<^ 
birch-bark  canoe,  in  its  various  stages,  a  description  oK 

R 


i^^ji'- 


194 


iSi 


Its  seotiDtis  may  not  be  di^g^iiteable  to  you.  In  the 
^onstmction  of  theeanoe,  the  bM¥  waA  stem  ^pieoes  are 
8epai*a!te  fWumes,  alike  in  dimen^ens,  and  made  c/f 
t;edK)>,eypf6!(!B,  or  any  otiier  li^  w«ed ;  y^  vory  lig^ht, 
and  «o  wetl  or  tighlly  Ixitiffd  by  tenons,  as  >ko  requite  ti 
^cionsiderabie  effort  to  %(*eak  them.  These  bow  and 
slem  fseces,  suppose  a  cttnoe^  teti>  or  «ven  fifty  i^t, 
:are  t^onnected  by  4iitlis>  Whh  that  ^ieh  1  have  called 
gunwales,  (^unndS))  correspondent  Jn  si^e  with  the 
Attended  leng[th  6f  ^he  danoe.  These  gfimwalen  are 
made  from  the  toughei^t  afnd  best  of  ^e  timlber  that  the 
^ooMfy  ^produces.  The  gun  -WiAes  atte  strongly  6e€%M*ed 
to^  the  hecid  and  ^\»ftk  by  tenons  aixf  l!he  'cedar  root  in 
"ft  most  neiit  aind  strong  manner.  The  ribs  of  the  oanoe, 
according  to  its  'size,  are  from  two  to  five  inches  in  di« 
^mcfter,  «f  1^  strafglytest  cedar>  or  4ir,  without  knots, 
closely  fitted  t^eilher,  «ide  by  side,  and  wciU  sewed  by 
means  -dT  an  awl  to  the  g\in-wales.  This  frame  is 
eiQ^vet^ed  with  the  ydllOlir-birch-Yind,  an  e^glith,  a  sixth, 
^0i*  a  fourth  of  an  inch  thiek.  This  bark,  when  applied 
to  cfl^oes,  is  from  two  to  Ifbur  fcfet  in  length ;  commen- 
surate with  the  ^a^enSiOA  of  the  bow  and  ^em  Trom 
<eacb  e^Oter.  Each  'part  of  thb  bark,  whore  the  seamii 
tueet,  Is  iMcely  sewed  toother  by  the  split  cedar  root, 
thteSe  i^ms  are  th^  pitched  'Over  in  a  ridge,  by  a 
tfaird  vitdh,  in  the  width  of  perhaps  an  mch  or  more,  so 
tis  tcr  make  the  vessel,  truly  that  ivliii:^  s(eafi|Cn  call 
water-tight.  But  to  this  clumsy  attempt  to  describe 
to  you  a  boat,  which  you  have  never  seen,  and  perhaps 
Tie ver  will  see,  it  seems  requisite  totiidd  another  ob^r- 
iradon. ,  The  bark  which  encircles  the  bottom  of  the 
Hsaboe,  is  %trongfly  tlttached  to  th^e  jgiUn^^ales  by  cedar 
-Y^otjmudi  in  the  "same  maimer  as  i  have  seen  you 
^teta^ng  wi^e,  for  the  making  of  attSliciai  floweits. 
lthi^%a^t'thtfs  prepared  and  applied,  speaking  com- 
^rad¥dy,  (great  with  small,)  is  a  mucfh  stronger  ma- 
^^iiriia,  thiol  your  thread,  either  of  fiaiic  <or.iiiik.  The 
^ttir#«ile  was  as  neatly  laced  by  the  cedar,  suid  almost  tcs 
^'dli^aniefital,  and  equally  strong<in  texture,  as  the  caneb 
'mt  WMtt^timea  See  ^om  In^,  •covered  with  s|rtits'df 


•f 


19S 


h\  the 
dOesare 
nade  of 
y  light, 
Bquh«eii 
ow  and 
ftyibet, 
s  called 
ith  the 
kiB  are 
diQtthe 
secntvd 

reotffi 
i  oanoe, 
« 'in  di- 
t  kndtS) 
Ki^ed  by 
ttitie  is 
I  sixth, 
Eipplied 
mmen- 
[1  Titftti 

irtoot, 
,  hy  a 
cfre,  sb 
sh  call 
ascribe 
erh^ps 
ob^r- 
of  the 
cedar 
tn  yoti 
iitireM. 
com- 

!t'tll«- 

Thc 

Hosttra 
cancss 
its'bf 


ratteen,  or  some  other  pliant  plant,  of  southern  growth. 
The  paddles  are  mntfoftnly  made  of  ash,  where  it  cait 
be  obtained,  biu  most  usuaUy  df  birch,  or  even  of  softei* 
wood,  in  this  part  of  Canada.  Many  of  the  paddles 
which  I  saw,L  were  doubte-bladed,  that  is  a  bkide  at  each 
end  of  the  handle  or  pole,  and  in  the  hands  of  a  strong 
person  wou'd  be  from  its  formation,  apparently  as  light 
as  a  feather.  The  pushing-pole  was  of  the  same  kmd 
ofmaterials,  but  iighl,  and  if  irot)  could  be  had,  was 
shod  at  the  but-end.  The  rapid  and  rocky  rivers  which 
those  poor  people  the  Indians,  must  ascend  and  djcs- 
ceild  ia  their  huiMtiing  excursions.)^  and  which  th^  do 
'With  inconceivable  doxterity,  requires  ft  qulcknefiJi  ^ 
ipotion  of  the  body,  panicularly  the  armS)  whkh  )» 
tmily  astonUluiig.  Thci  paddte^  at  this  laomiQiit  U9«d 
on  the  rig^t,  md  then  instantly  cast  on  the  left  hftnd  q£ 
the  cajf)oe,t  foquircQ  ft  celerity  of  action  which  none  but 
&uch  as  axe  usied  to  those  exercises  dare  undertake.  In, 
t)iose  instances  the  double-bladed  paddle,  saves  haUE 
the  time  which  would  be  employed  by  the  singk  bUd- 
ed,  in  these  arduous  but  necessary  labours.  AcUvity 
and  agility,  firom  U^e  eircumstance,  of  the  pre€arious*< 
ness  of  an  Indian  ltfe»  and  their  manner  of  subsisting,, 
become  in  their  education  a  primary  parental  motive ;: 
without  thote  quiditles,aA  Indian  oaa  never  acquire  toie^ 
Ond  is  often  starved.  .    ' 

It  often  re^exhilirates  my  mind,  when  reflecting' 
on  the  waywardness  and  unhappiness  of  laay  life^ 
to  remember  the  occurrencea,  (July  1773))  in  a 
part  of  a  days  journey  from  the  windlasa  of  the  okb 
carrying  place,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  west  of 
Niagara,  by  a  path  which  led  us  to  a  celebrated  fbun-r^^ 
tam,  a  little  below  the  brow  of  the  hill,  called  Mount 
Pleasant,  and  thence  to  the  falls.  My  youtliful  imagi«>; 
nation  was  greatly  excited.  The  company  ccnaiated 
of  a  French  gentleman,  my  uncle  John  Hexuy,  and  my^ 
sel£  The  Frenchman  was  a  trader  who  had  but  just 
arrived  ^m  the  Utinoia  country,  and  had  deah  beyond 
the  Mksissdppi.  When  we  came  to  Stedznim's,  his 
canoe^  attended  by  three  or  four  eoutitra  de  bmy  lay^on 
the  beach  turned  upside  down,  with  an  immense  number 


196 


of  packs  of  beaver,  press-packed,  strewed  around,  per- 
haps the  whol^  might  have  been  3000  lb.  wt.  The  ca- 
noe was  of  birch^fifty  fefct  in  length,  most  beautifully 
made,  its  breadth  was  probably  from  six  to  seven  feet 
in  the  middle,  I  (CXflmined  with  a  curiosity,  such  as  h 
boy  of  my  age  might  possess. 

NOTE  IV— Page  53. 

Morgan  was  a  strict  disciplinarian.  Permit  an 
anecdote.  He  had  obtained  the  command  of  the  rifle 
corps  from  Arnold,  without  any  advertence  to  the  bet- 
ter claim  of  Hendricks,  who,  though  the  youngest  man 
was  of  tlie  three  captains,  in  point  of  rank,  by  the  dates 
of  commissions,  the  superior  officer.  Hendricks,  for' 
the  sake  of  peace  in  the  army,  and  of  good  order,  pru- 
dently and  good  naturedly  acquiesced  in  his  assumption 
of  the  command,  foi*  Morgan  had  seen  more  service  in 
our  former  wars. 

At  this  piace,  Morgan  had  given  it  out  in  orders, 
that  no  one  should  fii*e.  One  Chamberlainey  a  worth- 
less fellow,  who  did  not  think  it  worth  while  to  draw; 
his  bullet,  had  gone  some  hundreds  of  yards  into  the* 
woods,  and  discharged  his  gun.  Lieut.  Steele  hap-' 
pened  to  be  in  that  quarter  at  the  time;  Steele  had  but 
arrived'at  tlie  fii*e,  where  we  sat,  when  Morgaiv  who 
*  had  seen  him  coming,  approached  our  camp,'  and  seat-' 
ed  himself  within  our  circle.  Presently  Ciiamberlame 
fiaime,  gbn  in  hand,  and  was  passing  our  fire,'' towards 
that  of  his  mess.  Morgan  called  to  the  soldier— rac^f 
cused  him  as  the  defaulter — this  the  mj^i,  ^an  arrant 
liar^)  denied.  Morgan  apijealedto  Steele.  Steele  ad-' 
mitted  he  heard  the  report,  but  knew  not  the  paity 
who  discharged  the  gun.  Morgan  suddenly  si)ringing 
to  a  pile  of  billets,  took  one^  and  swore  he  would  knock 
tbe  accused  down  unless  he  confessed  the  fact.  In**; 
stantlyV  Smith  seized  another  billet,  and  swore  he 
would  strike  Morgan  if  he  struck  the  man.  Morgalt 
knowing  the  tenure  of  his  rank,  receded.    This  was 


*v'  - 


nrwt: 


as  u 


197 

the  only  spirited  act  I  knew  of  Smith.  Such  were  the- 
roap:h-hewn  characters,  which,  in  a  few  subsequent 
years,  by  energy  of  mmd  and  activity  of  body,  bore  ut 
safely  through  the  dreadful  storms  of  the  revolution. 
Morgan  was  of  an  impetuous  temper,  yet  withal,  pru- 
dent in  war,  as  he  was  fearless  of  personal  danger; 
His  passions  were,  quick  and  easily  excited,  but  they 
were  soon  cooled.  This  observation  is  applicable  to 
many  men  of  great  talents,' and  to  none  more  than 
Morgan.  His  severity,  at  tinMs,  has  made  me  shudderi 
though  it  was  necessary,  yet  it  would  have  bebn  a 
pleasing  trait  in  his  character,  if  it  had  been  less  rigidi. 


NOTE  V.  page  64. 

I  cannot  exactly  recollect  the  Xime^  but  the  records 
•f  Government  will  show,,  that  this  miserable  man^ 
was  indicted  of  a  burglary  and  convicted.  His  respect* 
able  brother,  Mr.  Jacob  Shaeffer  of  Lancaster,  (Penn.) 
Implied  to  me,  to  certify,  in  his  favor,  [It  was  in  1780 
or  1781,1  to  the  president  and  council,  who  had  tfao 
power  of  pardon.  The  representation  was,  in  sub- 
stance simHar  to  the  present.  Thi»  part  of  our  trans* 
actions,  rests  in  my  memory;  but  the  impression  i$ 
so  strong,  that  I  cannot  forget  it.  It  gave  me  great 
pleasure  to  imagine^  that  probably  I  might  agaiii 
contribute:  to  the  saving  the  life  of  a  man,  whicn  I 
had  actually  saved  pnce  before.  At  that  time»  by  tmf 
law^  the  punishment  of  burglary  was  death,  and  Wf 
compatriot  Shaeffer^  was.  under  that  sentence*  My 
soul  was  vgiieved. 

.  In  a  drunken- bout  at  Philadelphia^  behad  blindif 
stumbled  into  a  house,  which  he  took  to  be  his  lodg- 
ings. Here  detected. in  one  of  the  chambers'^  he  wa»^ 
elmrged  aa^ a  felon.  Gracious: God i  upon  the  super- 
&:es  of  thy  earth,  there  was  never  a  more  unoffenaUg 
soul.     He  could  scarcely  see  a  yard  before  bim; 

It  has  amused,  and.  pleased  me  often^  tahear  4h. 
.]be  9XtoU  me.    He  Is  now  industrious. 


198 

The  kt€  of  JaiuM  Warner^  (afcd  p.  6^.)  ftmongf  otheri^ 
WM  rMly  lamentable.  He  tvas  jwoMgy  handsome  In  apt 
pearance»  not  more  than  twenty^five  jrears  c^age ;  he  wae 
athletic  and  seemed  to  surpass  in  bodily  strength.  Yet 
withal,  he  was  a  dolt.  His  wife  was  beautiful,  though 
coarse  in  manners.  The  hitsband  on  the  other  hand) 
was  a  poor  devil,  constantly  out  of  view>  or  in  the  back- 
ground  of  the  picture. 

We  heard  nothing  of  them  after  entering  the  marsh, 
and  until  a  month  had  ehipsed  at  Quebec.  In  Deceih* 
ber,  the  wife  or  widow  of  poor  James  Warner,  came 
to  our  quarters  on  the  Lowgrounds,  bearing  her  hu&r 
band's  rifle,  his  powder-horn  and  pouch.  She  appear- 
ed fresh  and  rosy  as  ever.  This  arose  from  the  reli- 
gious and  gratuitc\!s  Bpirtt  Of  the  Csiiadians. 

The  story  Mra.  Jemima  Warner  told,  was  extremely 
affecting^  uid  may  be  worth  remembering,  as  I'c  is 
somethk^i;  like  a  sample  of  the  whole  of  our  diatressef 
aadintolet^le  disasters. 

The  husband  waA  a  ^p^eot  ^ter  His  stoves  of  psth 
vinon%  a^r  the  partition,  at  the  head  of  the  Chau- 
diere,  inrcre  in  a  little  time  consumed.  The  oonsumi-t 
HMte  wUe  ran  back  from  the  marsh,  and  found  her  bet 
UivtA  husband  sitting  at  the  firat  of  a  ti€e>  where  he 
said  be  was  determined  to  die. 

The  tender-hearted  womail,  attendedher  ill-fitted  bus* 
hand  several  da^s,ui?gfaig  his  march  forward;  he  again 
Sat  dovm.  Findmg  all  her  solicitations  ooul^  not  inSico 
hua  to  mOf  she  left  him,  having  placed  all  the  Inread 
m  her  pos^esaioo,  between  hia  legs  with  a  canteen  tii 
Iftader.  She  bore  h}s  Msa  and  ammunititti  to  Quebec^ 
where  she  recounted  the  story.  The  nepl^wa  of  Na^ 
Mni%  alterwatda  at  Quebec^  confirmed  the  relation  of 
t|ii»food  wiomail  Foi'  when  g(»ng  up^  and  eettmumr 
down  Iher  liver  with  our  inestimable  friend MCleland^ 
she  urged  thepi,  Mii^ised  m  tears  tx>  lak«  her  husband 
fPKbaait  Th<7  were  neceasnnfy  deaf  to  licrentireatl» 
Tims  ^^erlshedu  tins  unfartuoBte^  man,  ataperiodof  hie, 
$^  mJim  the  bvdUy  pow<a%  are  gtaeralfy  ia  their 


199 


fiiU  ptrfeetiofi.  Hf>  add  mftnjr  etfaet8>  vAio  died  ml 
the  wilderness^  lost  their  lives  by  au  inaxMidehite 
gluttofliy.  They  ate  as  much  at  a  iiieal>  as  ought  ta 
have  been  ia  our  circitfnstaiicea  the  jmyviakm  of  four 
day%  and  a  inarch  of  one  hundred  miles.  Yo^mg  men>. 
wtthoot  knowledge  or  a  t>re¥ious  esjierieiicey  kre  very 
difficult  to  govern  by  eage-^dvioey  when  the  rt^  of 
hunger  assi^. 

I  To  conclude  this  lengthy  notO)  allow  me  to  iutro* 
duce  to  youy  another  instance  of  human  miseiy^  which> 
came  under  my  eye,  in  this  dokmrns  and  dreadfiif 
inarch.  As  was  before  observed  hi  the  body  of  the 
work  « At  the  head  of  the  Chaudiere,  it  was  given 
out  by  the  officers,  that  order  would  not  be  required 
from  the  soldiery  in  the  march,  fcc."  ,  Yet  the  com- 
panies, being  ia  the  most  part  either  fellow-townsmen^ 
•r  from  the  same  county  adhered  together,  bound  by 
tfiat  affectionate  attachment,  which  is  engendered  by 
the  locality  of  birth,  or  the  habitudes  of  long  and  se- 
vere services,  in  a  communion  and  endurance  of  hard« 
ships  and  desperate  adventures.  It  appears  to, me,  Ut* 
be  a  piihciple  of  the  human  mind,  ^^  that  the  monir 
hardships  we  endure  in  company  of  each  other,  the 
greater  becomes  our  esteem  and  affection  for  our  fel- 
low-suHerers.'^  For  myself^  this  is  said  from  experi- 
mented woe  and  extreme  calamity. 

We  had  no  path,  the  river  was  oiur  gmde.  One  da}r, 
either  the  second  or  third  of  this  mareh>  a  mounUuir 
J!Utt?ng  ul  a  most  precipitate  form  into  the  river,  eom- 
peUed  us  to  pass  the  margHu)f4be  stream  upon  a  loni^ 
log,  which  had  been  brpCi^ht  thi^r  by  some  former 
freshet  The  bark  am  limbs  ^  the  tree  had  been 
worn  aw|iy  by  the  mb^Vkngs  of  the  ice^  and  the  trunk  li^ 
kngthwiae  along  the  narrow  passage,  imooth  and  tlapi-^ 
pery,  and  gorged  the  pass.  TIas  difficulty  had  oAp 
kcied  here  a.hetetfogeiiQus  mass  of  the  trv^gpS)  ^hc^ 
iMmed  the  r%ht  «f  pa8«agi»  aecording  ^  the  otdctr  «{ 
«onungt#it.  The  log  was  to  be  footed,  ^  the  waitef^ 
of  the  depth  of  three  or  iunt  feel»  m««t  be  Fpde^ 
There  waft  09  ahemattve. 


*..        -vj 


\w 


^■\fi   ».-.- ^     t>A 


2GfO 


-headed^  and  thinlf  dad,  lean  and  vrretched-from 
abstinence^  ^th  his  musket  in  handy  passed  the  log  kn^ 
mediatelv  before  me .  His  foot  slipped,  ^  and  he  tell 
aeveral  net  bto  the  water.  We  jpassed  on  regardless 
of  his  fate.  Eve.^  his  immediale  friends  and  comrades, 
many  of  whom  were  on  the  log  at  the  same  moment 
j^  not  deigpi  to  lend  him  an  assisting  hand.  Deith 
stared  us  in  the  face.  I  gave  him  a  sincere  sigh  at 
parting,  for  to  lose  my  place  in  the  file,  mi^ht  have 
been  fatal.  This  pitiable  being  died  in  the  wilderness; 
The  hard  fate  of  many  others  might  be  recapitulated, 
but  the  dreadful  tale  of  incidents,  if  truly  told,  would 
inerely  serve  to  lacerate  the  heart  of  pity,  and  harrow 
up  the  feelings  of  the  soul  of  benevolence.  Tears 
many  years  since,  have  often  wetted  my  cheeks,  when 
recollecting  the£sastersof  that  unfortunate  campaigt^ 
the  memorable  exit  of  my  dearest  friends,  and  of  many 
worthy  follow-citizens,  whose  worth  at  this  time,  is^ 
embalmed  solely  in  the  breasts  of  their  surviving  as* 
sociates.  Seven  died  sheerly  from  famine ;  and  many 
others  by  disorders  arising  from  hard  service  in  tb^ 
wtMemess.. 


■.<**» 


NOTE  VI.  I^ge  113,  and  NOTE  Xr.  Page  144. 

«v&  rdation^to  the  amall^x,  the  circumstance  about 
$0  be  related,  is  most  assunedly  true,  as  it  is  known  to^ 
me  of  toy  own  particular  knowledge.     A  number  of 
lllMiieil  tWlett^ith^^  bifeodon  of  the  small^pox,  catne 
ijlto  ouriaiiy^f^htii. 

p  in  thi  t^ng  oftheyear  1776^  our  army  was  reduced 
|j|rid0eeiise  of  men,  er  debilitation  6f  bodyj  so:  that  they 
eBisMvm,  «ct  effisctively^  and  in  the  eyes^  the  wcvld,  la 
dil^pi^iiAde  retreat  to&  plae^,  which  It  was«no^  tlieilk 
^te  ]^iiiiE«t"^  Now  it  may  be  safoiy  as- 

W^ti^^i^  great  numbers^of  the  «cdd&r»^^oculated 
4leiii«&l«e8  ibr  the  small-pott,  b$t  laeeration  under  tb0 
lte^^ii»iii) by  itteans  of  pinsor  lieedlet,  either  ti^bb*^ 
J&^M-tmmikit  ^  duty,  ^  t^  gt^  over  that  ki^fiBll' 
'4iaDfdler  in  an  easy  and  speedy  way. 


4^:^ 


I"fr6(in 
ogkn^ 
be  tell 
irdlets 
iradeft) 
omenta 
Death 
ligh  at 
:  have 
&mes9» 
ulated, 
would 
larroW 
Tears 
whent 
paigi^ 
manjF 
ne,  im 
ng  aB<i 
many: 


ai>6ut 

erof 
mtne 

iced 
they 
d)  a 

km 

V  as- 


bb-^ 


201 
NOTE  VII,  Page  123. 

The  death  of  my  friend  Boyd,  was  to  me  as  a  thuh" 
derbolt ;  psdnful  in  an  excessive  degree ;  many  a  tear 
has  since  been  shed  to  his  manes.    In  the  autumn  of 
1T79,  he  commanded  a  company  of  rifle-men,  of  the 
^rst  Pennsylvania  regiment.    When  Sullivan  bad  p6n- : 
etrated  into  the  Seneca  country,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Genessee  river.    Boyd,  as  my  informaUon  is 
from  various  gentlemen,  was  ordered  withabandof 
twenty  choice-m^n,  hefore  dayUght  to  make  an  excur-i^ 
sioii  towards  an  Indian  village,  oh  the  river  Genessee, 
(which  flows  north  into  lake  Ontario,)  at  a  distance  of 
eight  miles,  for  the  purpose  of  making  discoveries.  In 
hisretum,  arriving  at  a  rising  ground,  a  knoll,  he  heard 
a  rustling  of  the  leaves  in  his  front :  an  enemy  was.  sus- 
pected;  he  gathered  his  men  around  him,  each  taking 
his  tree.    The  enemy  was  sightless  to  Boyd,  sirid  hS 
party,  yet  the  approach  around  him  was  sensihle  to 
evei^  ode.    Boyd  not  knowing  the  number  of  his  aMi*\ 
sailants,  it  is  said,  considered  them  as  a  small  body  of 
observation.  •  This  party  of  Indians,  probably  one  thou* 
sandy  encompassed   Boyd  and  his  men,   gradually : 
a  defence  worthy  of  the  character  of  Boyd'^'ttiDk  place.- 
Every  man  he  had  was  kilted,  except  three,  who  beoke 
thix>ugh  the  Indians,  and  brought  the  doleful  tidings  to 
our  cahip,    Boyd  was  taken,  and  carried  alive,  to  the 
Indian-town,  whera  he  was  tortured  after  their  savage 
custom,  and  his  body  mangled  in  the  most  horrible 
manner.     General  Simpson,  who  was  thsafi  with  thf?* 
army,  assures  me,  that  on  the  following 'dkf^  when  tl^' 
troops  arrived  at  the  town,  m  the  wigwam%^ii^  &aiB«' 
a  number  of  fresh  scalps  stretched  in^  the  iisUal  ctian-^ 
ner  on  small  hoops,  a]^  painted.    The  head  dT  Bc^' 
l«y  in  one  of  the  cabins,  newly  ^ssevered.  :  Hb  sa^' 
^^  still  moist  and  hooped  a»4  painted.  ^iin^jBon  knew^ 
it  by  Itb  long  brown  and  silky  hair :  it  is  now  preserved' 
as  a  relic  c^  our  friend.    An  oflicer,^  (captain  A.  W^* 
derson,)  lately>  in  describing  this  une(|ual,  but  arduous' 
fight,  upon  the  part  of  Boyd>  told  me,  m  that  the  hands 


202 


ofll»a<laib4m«n>iir  many  instances,  were  fast  closed 
upon  the  hair  of  Indians." 

To  p,ye.  jmi  &  more  perfect  idiea  of  the  brutality  of 
sa;rage  torture^  and  oC  heart-rending  sensations.  I  can 
dmM»  better  than  to  lay  before  you,  the  letter  of  the 
hooDrablB  Thomas  CampbeU,  of  the  senate,  vho  lum- 
self  htA  been  a  mtrt^r  in  our  cause.  He  saw  the 
dorpae  o£  the  unfortunate  Boyd  ott  the  INlowing  day, 
andittterfe4iit.  Since  the  dicath  oC  cokmel  Oawfiird 
we  kaow.  nothing  like  the  present  martyrdom,  in.  the 
jjmuO'OtVixttfi  and  it  it  to  be  hoped^r  Wn  the  pru^^ 
4eBiee  aftff  stna^Ii  Dfthe  fiedesal  government,  nothipg 
d  the  kiad  willi  ag««i|  occur  m  Q«ir  future  wara  with 
the  ahiKtgui«»  ef  our  Qcmntry. 

'^^-SSVATQ  ChA;MB£I|,  LANCASTBa 

^Jf^numy  30<A,  lao^. 

«^Captra  Ueutenant  ThomaaBoyd*  belpnging 
<^  to  the  cifleiKen.  of  therstate  d  Pennsylvaiiia,  was  moat 
<«  inhumanly  murdered  by  the  Indiass.  Hi&  death  oc> 
^^eun'od  on  the  Idth  day  of  September,  1779^,  at  the 
^k  Ckneasee  Caat&e,  on  general  Sullivan's  expedition  ta 
<<  thib  north-we«t*ward»  against  the  Six-nation  Indians., 
c  ft  He  was  aenton  the  nijg^of  the  Uthof  September^ 
<t  from  the  camp>  near  a  lake  called  «« Conesus,"  with 
M  a  party  of  menf  cwiuating  ef  twemy  aoldiersf  five 
<«  "fohiiyteers  and  an  Indian  chief,  named  Han-Jost» 
^  bekiQgiiig  to  the  Oneida  nation :  in  alitwenty-sevefQ 
(^m  nninber.  They  were  tent  by  general  SullivaQt 
'^tfi  lecoaiieltre  an  in^bai«tDwi^  auppoaed  to  be  about 
<«  six  u^tea  (tistant  from  the  camp.  On  the  morning 
«&  dT  the  lath  flf  September,  the  army  took  up  the  line 
^of  BUuxh  before  sunnse*  but  marching  a  short  dis- 
1*  ta&ce^  waa  ob%ed  to  (wlt^  tiUi  the  pioneers  made  u 
««bridig|^  gver  a  moraaa,  otberwiie  the  c«nnon  eo«M 
M  not  have  been  bioug^  up«  The  town  thaJt  captain 
c^Boydl  waft  taken  to,  was  evacuated  by  all  except 
HtwoirlndiaDa^  one  was  on  horsefaack*  the  other  was 
u  leading  a.  cdwr  James  £lU6t  and  Ttmsothy  Murph^; 
«  were  sent  to  stop  them,  they  both  discharged  tneif  . 


V..' 


b-^    ^ 


203 


<i  guns  at  the  sathe  time,  the  lotie  that  led  the  tow  was 
'«<  killed,  the  other  though  severely  wounded  escaped. 
«  Boyd  reluming  slowly,  expec^ngto  meet'tiieamvy 
'^  saw  an  Indiati  stan  tip  and  run  off.  It  was  witli  gt«ttt 
^difficulty,  iliat  Boyd  stop):  the  men  from  pursuit,  «t 
'f^  the  request  of  Han-3t>&t,  fj^o  ssdd  the  Vidian  w^ 
<«  <aAj  «* a  ramtery'  vetttiofiraw'theiii  hlto  an  ambun- 
'•<  cade.  Eighteen  of  ifae  sdldiets  weiie  'killed,  and 
^  Han^Jost  tlie  ^ncada  chief,  was  made  a  greater  sa- 
M  ciiftce,  ttmxi  any  of  die  white  men,  who^ll  orwerle 
'M  taken  at  thitt  plate. 

«  Captain  Boyd  and  Michael  Parker  were  made 
«  prisoners,  and  taken  to  the  Genessee'Oantle,  andihere 
<<  most  inhumanly  murdered.  Boyd^  head  was  ti^n 
*«<  Off  and  totally  slonned,  his  right'eye  was  tfiOcentrnt,  as 
^  also  his  toqfgue.  His  rig^t  ^t,  from  the  ball  iif 
^*  the  heel  to  the  toes,  was  laid  open  as  if  with  akmfe. 
«  He  was  cut  open  across  the  bottom  of  his  belly,  and 
«  his  bowels,  were  taken  out,  4md  a^ery  long  ktufe, 
«<  was  sticking  in  between  his  shoulders,  descending 
<\to  the  vital  parts.  This  seems  to  have  been  the 
«  coup  de  grace. 

((  General  Simpson  and  myself,  were  sent  to  see 
«  the  corpse  of  Boyd  interred.  I  spread  a  blanket  on 
<(  the  ground  beside  him,  we  then  turned  the  corpse 
^  over  on  it.  I  took  the  head  of  the  deceased,  and^ut 
^<  it  as  near  the  neok  as  possible.  I  procured  aneedle 
'<(and  thi'eadtlrom  one  of  the  taylors,  ancl'sewed  the 
'«  corpse  up  as  well  as  I  could.  As  to  1^  head  of 
(cliftdiael  Parker,  k  >c^)fuM  not  lie  found.  iAll  «he 
«<'fiesh  was  cut  *out,  from  his  'shoulders  downWu^, 
«  and  otherwise  his  body  was  most  inhumanly  triaiigled^ 

w  We  interred  the  eorpses  of  both,  near  the 'XSenes- 

see  Castle,  in  separate  ^mves,  on  tbe  14th  day^Of  Sep- 
« tember,  1779. 

« lam  Sir,  ^  ^ 

,  « Your  humble  servant  ^ 

a  THOMAS  aAlUPBEIl^. 
\^  hatca  cttfittm  of  iht  Joutth 

^^  PentiMytva  ^'^tifncTtff 

<*  To   THE   HOH.   JOHW  JTOS.   HEWIMT." 


*ii 


r 


■  4* 


WMWawVfM 


m 


204 

Though  wc  have  no  Account  from  an  eye  witness, 
of  the  barbarous  manner  in  which  Captain  Boyd  was 
toftuied,  yet  we  may  conceive  from  the  appearance 
of  hia  body*  th^^t  the  most  malignant  and  hellish  punt, 
were  exercised  upon  It.  The  being.  emboweUed,  con- 
veys an  idea  of  a  known  mode  of  Indian  torment: 
the  fixing  an  endof  the  entrails  to  the  stake,  and  com- 
,  polling  the  prisoner  by  fire  and  blows,  to  run  till  the 
.conglomerated  mass  is  expended.  Upon  the  subject 
;of  these  tortures,  look  at  Doctor  CoMen's  Histoiy  of 
the  Mohawks,  and  Judge  Smith's  History  of  New- 
:York. .       •  ;.....*■ 

Colonel  Cambell  is  of  opinion,  that  the  wound^long 
the  sole  of  captain  Boyd's  foot,  was  made  before  the 
savages  brought  him  to  their  (Castle)  or  village.  His 
reason  is,  that  the  wound  was  filled,  with  bits  of  rotten 
.branches  of  wood,  and  small  pieces  of  leaves.  The 
j  (conjecture  may  be  true,  as  Indian  punishment,  at  its 
I  acme,  is  to  give  the  greatest  degree  of  pain. 


NOTE  VIII.  page  125. 


Of  ihe  treatment  of  Ethan  Allen,  at  the  time  spo- 

^ken  oi^   we  knew  nothing  but  from  report,  which  we 

then  thought  wdl-grounded,  and  the  truth  of  which, 

at  this  day,   there  is  no  reason  to  doubt.    He  was  a 

man  of  much  peculiarity  of  character.    Liarge,  powei> 

,ful  of  body,  a  most  ferocious  temper,  (fearing  neither 

.  God    nor   man,^   of  a  most  darbg  courage,  and  a 

^pertbiacity  of  disposition,  which  was  unconquerable, 

„and  very  astonishu^g  inioJl  his  undertakings :    withal 

he  had  the  art  of  making  himself  beloved,  and  revered 

by^  all  his  followers.    When  he  was  taken  in  the  Isle 

m  M<mtreal,  in  1T75,  the  government  found  it  neces- 

^sary  to  confine  him  in  a  cage,  as  one  would  a  wild 

bcMt,   and  thus  aboard  ship,   he  was  transported  to 

Quebec.    What  his  treatment  was  during  this  voyage 

to  England,  is  unknown  to  me. 


I 


vitnesS} 
yd  was 
^arance 
1  punt, 

d,  con- 
ment : 
id  com- 
m  the 
subject 
itory  of 
f  New- 

.  ■> 
d^long 
'ore  the 

e.  His 
){  rotten 
J.  The 
t,  at  its 


spo- 
lich  we 
which, 

was  a 
powcr- 
I  neither 

and  a 
lerable, 

withal 
revered 
the  isle 

neces- 

a  wild 
^rted  to 
JTOjrage 


r 

This  however,  is  known,  that  for  many  years,  hw 
was  a  prisoner  in  Eng^d,  retumhig  from  his  capti- 
vity to  America,  he  brought  \^i(h  mm  a  mantiscript, 
■which  he  afterwards  entitled  <*The  Oracle  of  Rea- 
^n."  My  beloved  children,  it  is  the  farthest  from, 
my  thought,  to  confine  your  knowledge  to  narrow; 
bounds ;  when  you  dip  into  scriptural  history,  dipdeep» 
do  not  skim  the  surface  of  the  subject,  as  many  fools 
have  done  of  late  days.  Upon  a  thorough  inqubry, 
your  hearts  will  be  animated  by  a  convictioii,  that 
therfe  came  a  Saviour  to  redeem  you  from  eternal  per- 
•dition,  and  to  provide  for  you,  an  eternal  salvation 
and  state  6f  happiness. 

That  boolr  was  tndst  certsdnly  the  composition  of 
^than  Allen.  He.  was  verj^  illiterate;  he  4id  not 
kiibw  the;  orthography  of  onr  language.  The  extent 
^  his  learning,  prdbably  bounded  by  some  historic^ 
chronicles,  and  a  few  other  books  of  little  account,  did - 
not  go  beyond  the  sci^iptures.  The  gentleman,  who 
gave  me  the  above  information,  was  an  elegant  scho- 
lar, bred  at  Harvard  college.  Going  to  New-York,  in, 
the  summer  of  1786,  a  friend  from  mere  curiosity^ 
requested  me  to  purchase  the  book  for  him.  Bein^ 
detained  at  New- York  six  weeks  by  business,  I  fre^ 
quently  looked  into  the  detestable  volume.  The  argu* 
ment,  if  so  diabolic  a' work,  can  be  ssdd  to  contaun  ar- 
gument, was  in  general  arrai^ged,  and  conducted  ili 
the  same  maniner  as  the  <<Ag^  of  Reason,'*  but  in  a 
coarser,  and  yet  a  more  energetic  language,  than  that 
of  die  latter  work.  On  m^  return  to  Philadelphia,  ia. 
a  conversation  with  the  Vermontese  gentleman,  wlib^ 
was  still  there,  <<  Ethan  Allen's  bible,"  became  a  topic- 
of  discourse.  He  gave  me  this  curious  ahecdote, 
which  he  averred  upon  his  hotior  to  be  true.  A  you%^ 
gentleman,  either  a  scholar  of  Harvard  or  Yale  col- 
lege had  come  into  Vermont,  and  there  taught  n 
school.  Allen  labored  under  the  want  of  an  amanu* 
ensis  and  transcriber,  of  knowledge  and  learning. 
The  scholar  td  increase  his  emoluments,  became  8uc£i, 
Allen  attended  Wm  daUy,  standing  staff  .^j^Wlhd,  kV 


mpm 


mtmmm 


sfto 

the  back  of  the  young  man's  chair.    ^  Sir/'  he  would 
say  to  Allen  (<  this  word  is  misspelled,"    «<  Amend 
it :"  Again  ^  this  word  is  misplac^,  the  sense  is  in- 
correct, &c.    Allen,   who  was  most  profane,  would 
swear  (sometimes  raising  his  staff)  «  Bv  G  *  *  sir, 
you  shall  insert  it ;  you  shall  not  alter  it.      Thus  the 
«< Oracle  of  Re^ison,"  came  into  the  world;  which,  of 
idl  books,  is  the  most  bluntly  vicious,  as  regards  the 
well>being  of  society;  the  ssdyation  of  souls ;  and  the 
happiness  of  those,  who  have  &ith  in  the  redemption, 
by  die  blood  of  our  Saviour.    But  that  which  is  very 
remarkable,  id,  that  long,  after  the  publication  of  Al«, 
len*s  book,  which  had  uiilen  into  oblivion,  even  with 
its  readers,  that  vile  reprobate,  Thomas  Pune,  loaded 
with  every  crime,  which  stains  and  dishonors  the  chris- 
ilaA  and  the  gentleman,  (in  addition  to  his  shameful 
practices  in  hfe,   Paine,    as  an  author,   superadded 
plagiarism,)    filched    from   Ethan  Allen,    the  great 
body  of  his  deistical  and  atheistical  opimons,  which 
from  the  time  of  Celsus,  down  to  the  age  of  Chubb, 
T^idal  and  others,  have  been  so  often  refuted  by  men, 
<^f  the  utmost  respectability  of  character  and  fame. 
When  we  reflect  upon  the  vicissitudes  of  this  world, 
itf  immense  revolutions  in  tei][iporal  affairs,  the  awful 
^rsecutions,  which  occu^ed  in  early  times,  the  col- 
^  lisions  of  oinnion  and  party  rage,  in  the  article  of  re- 
0^'  figious  belief;  and  jhe  vast. body  of  martyrs,  who  de- 
<      :foted  their  lives  in  support  of  their  &ith,  fue  muat 
/^       iSelieve,'  that  there  is  something  more  than  ordinary; 
^6mething  really  Divine  in  the  system  of  our  religion, 
iB^ringing  from  God  himself.     In  the  last  ages,  we 
knoy  of  many  of  both  sexes,  of  the  soundest  and  best 
instructed  minds,  whom  it  is  almost  needless  to  name, 
unless  it  be  merely  for  the  purpose  of  opposing  their 
virtue^  and  characters,  to.  persons  of  a  d ifferent  mode 
of  thinking.     All  of  them  possessed  a  firm  and  solid 
eretience,  m  the  celestial  origin  of  our  holy -faith,  and 
some  of  thfem  sealed  their  creed  with  Uieir  blood. 
When  such  men  suffer  because  of  principle,   some 
reliapce ,  sb(»ild  be  placed  on  their  good  sense  and 


2H 


knowledge.  The  terms  enthusiasm  and  madneiis,  have 
been  too  often  coupled;  as  conveying  the  same  idea : 
George  Fox,  captain  Meade,  and  Wmiam  Penn^  have 
been  called  enthusiastic  madmen,  but  we  now  know* 
that  they  acted  through  the  course  of  the  religious 
parts  of  their  lives,  from  a  conviction  of  the  principles 
of  the  gospel,  being  genuine  and  absolutely  tnie^ 
However,  on  this  subject,  but  a  few  names  need  be 
repeated  to  convey  tb  your  minds  its  importance  and 
^oremnity.  Many  of  the  greatest  men,  as  it  concerns 
worldly  Uungs,  were  christians,  r'  John  Huss,  Jerome 
of  Prague,  Martin  Luther,  John  Calvin,  Cranmer, 
Hooker, 'Tillotson,  of  the  clergy;  of  the  laity,  Sir 
Thomas  Moore,  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  Spangenberg,  Mos- 
heim, -Joseph  Adttison,  itichard  Steele,  Lord  ^emy 
^S^t^*brt>T<feMK^i&a1^  l)f  their  lives 

and  writings^  a  reliance  on  the  merits  of  the  redempr 
tion  by  the  blood  of  Christ  Jesus.  .  But  when  we  find 
those  nieti,   supported  and  re-inforced,  by  two  of  the 
strongest  minded  hien,   that  ever  lived;   Sir  Isaac 
Newton  and  John  Locke,  who  can  doubt?    When  we 
contrast  their  oj;Hnions,  with  those  of  Hobbs,.  .Chupb» 
Henry  St.  John,  Voltaure,  J.  J.  Rousseau,  Beringeri 
the  great  Frederick  of  Pruswa,  br  Mr.  Gibbon^  how 
deeply  do  the  last  not  fink,  by  the  we^ht  of  reason 
and  argument?  Allen  and  Padne,  are  paltry  wretches, 
mere  scribblers,  if  elAssed  with  the  men  last  nattied. 
Those  were  beautiful  wrfeers,  whose  IsmgUage  fesci- 
nates,  but  corrupts  the  youthful  mind,  these  i^rc  duU 
plodders,  who  know  not  the  principles  of  their  motticft* 
tongue;  but  it  is  perhaps  frbm  the  circunistan?;e  of 
illiterateness,    that  Allen  and  Pwne,  hate  attacked 
christiamty  in  so  grossand  indecorous  a  niaainer.  fh^ 
maniac  Paifie,  when  confined  m  the  prison,  Concfer- 
gerie,  at  Paris,  seetns  lo-Boast  "that  he  kept nQP|- 
ble."    This  may  be  true.    But  the  expression  show^, 
that  lus  proper  place  instead  of  a  common  jaiH  ^}^^^^^, 
have  been  a  mad*house.  ^ 


212 


It  s!«ews  lioweveF)  a  vanity  of  mind  beyond  the  bear* 
ing  of  men  of  understanding^.  Indeed  he  M'as  inflated 
by  a  supercilioui  pride,  and  an  imagiiiarv  importance, 
which  made  his  society  undesirable.  He  was  one  of 
that  class  of  men,  who  with  a  small  »pice  of  learning, 
in  company,  domineered  as  if  he  had  oeen  a  Johnson. 
He  was  almost  unbearable  to  many  men,  who  patron- 
ized him,  because  of  the  ^^  effect  of  his  works  dur- 
ing the  revolution. .  To  give  you  a  few  instances;  the 
late  David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  one  of  the  most  amiable, 
most  ingemous  and  best  of  men^  treasurer  of  the  state, 
Oeorge  Bryan,  Esq^  the  vice-president  of  the  council, 
a  man  of  great  reading  and  much  good  sense,  Jona- 
than Sergeant,  the  attorney  general  of  Pennsylvania, 
who«e  oratorical  powers,  could  scarcely  be  surpassed, 
character,  dur!n|^  *th^  course  ot  the  years  TtjTlfairf 
*79,  were  in  habits  of  intimacy  with  him,  but  his  dog- 
matic disposition  and  obstinacy  of  mind,  frequently 
caused  great  disgust.  Again,  colonel  Samuel  John 
Attlee,  an  excellent  patriot,  and  a  man  of  note  among 
tis,  both  in  the  military  and  civil  capacities  of  a  citi- 
zen, gave  this  anecdote  to  me,  a  few  months  after 
the  occurrence  happened.  Though  all  the  gentlemen 
^present,  approved  of  the  writings  of  Paine,  as  they 
tpncemed  our  political  state,  tor  tney  were  all  of  them 
to  a  man,  good  whigs,  yet  they  abhorred  him,  because 
of  his  personal  aberrations  from  virtue,  and  the  decen- 
cies of  social  lifi$.  A  Mr.  Mease  of  Philadelphia,  who 
was  clothi^  general,  had  invited  a  number  of  gentle- 
men of  the  army,  then  in  the  city,  to  dine  with  him. 
Among  whom  were  colonel  Attlee,  colonel  Francis 
Johnson,  general  Nichols,  and  maily  members  of  the  le- 
gislature of  whom  there  wasMatthiasSlough  of  Lancas- 
ter. You  may  readily  suppose,  that  the  excellent  wine  of 
Mr.  Mease,  exhilarated  the  company.  When  return* 
ing  to  their  lodgings,  colonel  Attlee  observed  Paine 
doming  towards  them  down  Market-street.  There 
^comes  <<Common  Sense,"  says  Attlee  to  the  com<» 
paiiy;     «Damn  him,  says  Slough,  I  shall  common 


i 


213 


sense  him."  As  he  approached  the  party,  they  took 
the  wall.  Mr.  Slough  tripped  him,  and  threw  hliw 
on  his  back  into  a  eutter,  Which  at  that  time,  wai 
very  offensive  and  filthy. 

Tlus  is  told,  to  communicate  a  trait  to  you,  'in  the 
character  of  Thomas  Psdne,  who  did  some  good,  but 
a  vast  deal  of  harm  to  mankind,  "  that  the  very  people 
who  were  most  benefitted  by  hfs  literary  labours^  hat- 
ed him."  Tfie  company  I  have  spoken  of,  were  all 
men  of  eminence  in  the  state ;  men  who  staked  their 
a//,  on  the  issue  of  the  revolution.  The  writings  of 
Paine  as  concerns  ua,  are  many  of  them  handsomely 
worded,  have  pith  and  much  strength  of  a^umenti 
and  are  in  general  correct,  yet  his  domestic  life  and 
manners,  were  so  very  incorrect,  that  a  disgust,  which 
was  perhaps  ri^ht,  destroyed  every  favorable  pergon- 
al feelin|^  towands  him.  His  indelicacy  was  mtoler- 
able.  His  numbers  of  Common  Sense,  the  Crisis^  aiid 
some  other  of  his  fugitive  pieces^  evety  American 
who  recollects  those  "trying  times,"  must  acknow- 
ledge to  have  been  extremely  benefklal  to  our  cause. 
This  has  often  b^en  admitted  by  our  generals  'Wash- 
ington, Gales,' Greene,  Sec.  but  he  was  compensatedi, 
and  had  the  secretaryship  for  foreign  affairs;  Like  alt 
men  of  bad  principles,  he  betrayed  his  trust,  and  a 
virtuous  Congress  displaced  him,  yet  the  different 
states,  more  than  remunerated  him  for  all  h^  writings. 

So  it  is,  that  that  man,  who  was  withouf  virtue,  a 
disturber  of  society,  an  111  husband^  an  unworthy  citi'> 
zen,  cloaked  by  every  vice,  would  now  by  his  <«  Age 
of  Reasoik,"  which  he  stole  fixMn  the  ignorant  Ethnn 
Allen,  who  was  as  iniquitous  as^  himself^  destroy  the 
peace  of  mind,  and  all  the  hope  of  happiness  in  futu- 
rity, of  those  who  rely  on  the  redemptioh  of  their 
souls,  by  the  blood  of  Christ  ;aii|  that,  without  si^ 
stitttting  or  even  suggesting,  aRH^pier  manner  of 
faith,'  tending  to  quiet  the  minds  ^Ij^^ers;  I  knew 
Paine  well,  and  that  personally,  for  ^|^|^d^d  hi'*  the 
house  of  my  Father,  during  the  ti 
Howe  and  Clinton,  were  in  Philaxl< 


S  Z 


l^iai^ehe^ 


Uloo  resetted  the  ^nicrtainment  he  ^ave  him.  Hia 
manners  were  in  o]>po»ition  and  hoatile  to  the  obser* 
Yancc9  of  the  proprictiea  and  due  ordinances  of  social 
(ife.  Manv  who  approved  of  his  political  wriUngSy 
^bom^J^Ued  his  detestable  mode  of  living  and  acting, 
[t  am  justified  in  using  these  expresslonsi  by  an  oc« 
i:urrence  iti  iT94,  with  my  own  motner*  She  was  a  wo« 
man  of  stix^ng  understanding],  and  of  unfeigned  and  ri- . 
gid  belief  in  the  truths  of  (6ospel»histonr,  yet;  a  dis- 
passionate placid  and  mild  religionist.  Her  heart  was 
80  free  from  tl^nking  ill  of  any  one^  that  of  a  trutb»  of 
her  it  might  b«»  said  '^  she  knew  no  guile."  One  day 
going  to  a  l^ookseUer's  in  Lancaster^  I  met  with  an 
extract  in  the  shape  of  a  pamphlet  of  Doctor  Joseph 
Prlostlev*s  ^  History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Christianity." 
Never  having  seen  any  of  that  gentleman's  polemic 
>Yorks,  it  was  purchased*  My  mother  as  usualy  came 
in,  in  the  evening)  to  sit  and  converse  with  my  family. 
X  was.  reading  the  pamphlet.  ^  What  hayo  y^u.  got  V* 
<1  A  work  of  I>octor  Priestley's  on  religion."  I  waa 
then  at  the  chapter  of  the  ^  Doctrine  of  the  Atone- 
ment of  Christy"  i^v  the  sins  of  the  world.  The  title 
of  tho  clmpter  excited  the  attention  of  my  mother. 
Bi^fore  she  .came  iny  the  passage  had  been  partly  per* 
used)  and  i^  eagerly  asked  me  ^  to  read  the  whole  of  it 
to  Kerr'  I  began,  but  had  scarcely  proceeded  through 
l^K9i  or>  tlj^r^e  pages,  when  slie  rapped  the  book  from 
i«iy  ,^^ii^  and  threw  it  into  the  fire,  where  it  was 
ino^t  deservedly  burned*  Smiiinglyi  I  said  mothefi^ 
why  ^Q^^Y^^  d^troy  my  book  ?  The  reply  was  with 
4n,  (dpservable  degree  of  anger,  <<  because  your  book, 
would  djfi^stroy  my  happinesS)  in  this  and  the  world  to 
come!  I  know  that  I  haye  ^  Saviour,  who- redeemed 
me,  whose  blood  was  ahed  upon  the  cross  for  me :  of 
this,  t  am  cQi^vinced.  Your  book  goes  to  make  mo 
doubt  o£  the  nperitS)  of  the  suiFenngs,  of  that  Saviour^ 
The  t|ook  wouiil  ^i^iuuve  me  of  tho^only  atafif,  upon 
\vhi<tl^  my  hop^  of  salyn^on  ff  st9,  aii^  givea  me  nooQ 
other,  up«^  wj^h  lean  lean."  These  notions  of  my 
J|arr|#iin^ytlHHri  which  accorded  fully  idth  my  owtii 


^ 


<  I 


21S 

« 

OD  that  topic,  were  submitted  to  with  a  juvenile  frtnk- 
nets,  which  pleased  her,  and  of  all  the  world,  I  knew 
none  whom  I  so  much  wished  to  oblige,  as  that  deaff 
amiable  and  instructive  mother.    Mf  fitther  had  been 
a  mechanic  of  much  respectability,  and  great  skill. 
During  the  war,  usually  called  «(Bradock's  war,"  and 
afterwards  in  Fbrbes*  campugn,  (in  1758,)  he  was  at 
the  head  of  the  arroourjry  which  in  those  days,  was  no 
mean  station,  and  required  talents  of  a  superior  grade. 
Afterwards,  having  made  a  tolerable  fortime,  he  en- 
terad  into  trade,  but  his  inclinations  led  him  into  chy«> 
mical  expenments.  His  evenings  and  mornings,  w€re 
devoted  to  the  laboratory.    This  gave  rise  to  my  mo- 
ther's acquaintance  with  Mr.  Priestly)  as  an  experi- 
mental pmlosopher.    For  the  instruction  of  his  child- 
ren, my  father  would  discourse  uixm  the  subjects  of 
science  and  particularly  of  chymistry,  which  was  hia^^ 
favorite  theme,  and  in  which  the  names  of  Franklin 
and  Priestlevf  were  sure  to  stand  foremost.    My  be- 
loved parent  s  manner,  showed  me  that  she  was  stung 
to  the  quick.    My  apology  to  her,  had  the  desired 
effect,  as  her  curiosity  and  mine,  sprung:  from  similar 
motives  ^^  desire  to  know  the  religious  opinions  of 
a  man,  of  whom  we  had  had  superlative  ideas,*'  be- 
cause of  his  acquirements  in  many  other  branches  of 
knowledge. 

The  position  wished  to  be  proved  to  you,  by  this 
relation;  which  is  true,  is  <<that  for  the  sake  of  pub- 
<<  lie  and  private  comfort  and  genial  happiness,  it  ia 
^  bett^  not  to  disturb  the  devout  mind  by  fancilul  and 
<i  newfeoigled  achemes  of  belief,  and  that  those  should 
M.  be  open  only  to  the  eyes  of  the  learned  1"  My  mother 
was  a  person  of  extensive  reading;  her  religious  ten- 
ats  and  faith,  were  solely  grounded  on  the  scrlj*;»ire%: 
o£  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  as  these  in  her  mindy 
were  considered  as  dejirly  correct,  but  neverthelesv 
she  was  fearful  of  a  distm'bance  of  her  mind  by  the 
quirks  and  quibbles  of  deisticai  scribblers.  Therefore 
to  interfere  with  her  devotional  principles,  in  so  rude 
and  heterodox  a  manner,  tended. to  derange  berciharm^i 


216 

ing  mind,  and  devastate  thosie  elegant  maxims  of  Chiis- 
tian  belief,  which  the  excellency  of  her  rfia':cMi«il  edu-^ 
cation  had  infused  into  her  heart ;  in  «hort,  to  destroy 
that  firmness,  with  wliich  she  relied  on  the  merits  and 
sufferings  of  bur  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesut  Christ.  ' 

Su£h  rneii  as  Hobbs,  Chubb,'  &c.  sec^  not  to  have 
seilected  on  the  dreadful  ills  and  calamiti68|  their  writ- 
ings would  create,  if  their  books  caitie  lilto  general 
circulation.  If  they  did  reflect,  posterity  ought  to  con- 
sider them  to  have  been  the  tygers  and  hyenas  of  hu- 
man societ^Ti  opposed  to  the  well-being  of  the  human 
race.  Voltaire  and  John  James  Rousseau,  in  my  hum- 
ble opinioh,  intended  well  to  the  people  of  France, 
but  when  speaking  of  thosie  gentlemen,  we  should  re- 
collect, that  they,  as  well  ad  the  virtuous  and  celebrat- 
ed Montesquieu,  were  the  subjects  of  a  prince^  who 
might  if  he  pleased,  be  despotic:  but  that  which  was 
still  worse,  was,  that  the  people,  were  abandoned  to 
the  control  of  a  theological  aristocracy— bigoted,  weal- 
thy, imperious  and  scandalously  subjected  to  vices, 
in  many  instances,  greater  than  those  of  laymen,  inso- 
much, that  in  the  reign  of  Lpuis  XIV.  because  of 
the  infamous  Uves,  and  the  oppressions  of  all  classes  ^ 
the  nation  by  the  clergy,  there  was  scarcely  a  gentle- 
man la  the  kingdom,  who  was  not  deis^cally  inclined. 
For  when  the  ministers  of  a  religion  of  so  high  sanc- 
tity^ as  that  of  our  Holy  Faith,  demean  themselves 
in  ti.  manner,  which  evinces  to  laymen,  their  waht 
of  confidence  in  the  religion,  (which  they  had  been' 
^consecrated  to  propagate  and  enforce,)  by  an  unholy 
life  and  conduct,  particularly  in  their  cruel  exattions, 
from  devotees- ;  in  the  latter  instiUice,  of  enormous 
fees^  and  various  demands  of  tithes  of  a  most  exorbit- 
ant nature,  wMch  from  tifu^  to  time,  they  wickedlf 
usurped.  Hence,  it«rose  that  Moatesqueiii,'Voltdrc, 
Diderot,  Rousseau^  and  'hun4i^s  of  others,  t^thie 
kamed  men  of  France,  (considering  Uie  state  of  that 
goveamient,)  formud  a  phalanx  of  historic  ktiowledg^t 
genuine  -reasoning,  true  wit,  and  an  inexhaustible 
uiad  of  huimorj  whiicli  slurred  tjlieir  opponents  to.  such*- 


217 


>1& 


a  degree,  as  in  the  minds  of  the  generality  of  Europe 
gave  them  a  deserved  victory  even  over  the  ^jovem- 
mcnt,  which  supported  th(c  theocracy,  with  its  va«t 
power.     It  also  most  probalriy^   came  from  thence, 
that  those  men  under  the  clerical  persecutions  raised 
against;  them,  (for  many  were  confined  in  the  dung^ 
ons,)  in  the  heat  of  controversy,  enutted  opininos  and 
idea%  inconustem  with  our  pure  simple  and  holy  reill*^ 
gion,  accordmg  to  the  Augsburg  creed,   wWdi  w» 
know,   has  been  adopted,  either  in  «he  whole  or  m 
part,  by  all  the  refonned  churches,    b  polemic  diik 
putes,  and  perhaps  more  puticularly,  m  those  whica 
happen  in  monarchies,  thow  h  an  acrimony  and  irss* 
cibility  of  temper,  inflamiiig  the  minds  of  men  geoer^ 
ally,  greater  than  is  Oie  esse  in  deroocmcies.    The 
««„.«  ^.^.<»TQs  tp  be,  that  in  monarchies,  tlie  pncstBood 
becomes  a  macmw  oi  gwy^  nii^ttt,  in  tUmocracies,  it 
is  the  vehicle,  by  which  the  people  jdmply  adore  God. 
Those  controversies,  between  die  so  styled  philoso- 
phers of  France  and  the  clergy,  were  conducted  wi^ 
such  liatred,   aixd  obloauy  towards  each  other,.  Ihst 
they  elicited:  »parks,  which  enkindled  that  nSition,  bk 
a  dreadful  flame  of  internal  destruction ;  andthebaand 
has  not  only  communicated  itself  to  all  Europe,  but  in 
general  to  the  world  at  large.    Since  the  time  of  Juli- 
us Csesar,  nothing  has  occurred  equal  in  barbaritjri 
irruption,  bloodshed,  murder,  by  public  or  domestic 
treason,  as  that  which  has  happened  in  Europe,  since 
the  year  17$9.    Gracious  and  bmnipotent  God,  restore . 
the  peace  of  the  world  1 1 !] 

Such  is  the  man,  who  upon  his  slight  intercourse 
with  the  American  people,  pluming  himself  with  the 
well-earned  celebrity  of  his  {x^itical  ^eces,  thai  mow 
presumes  to  become  a  reformer  of  oar  morals,  our 
religious  opinions  and  thinkings  on  Divine  subjects  £ 
lie  himself  a  reprobate,  cloaked  by  every  vice,  would 
dictate  to  a  great  and  independent  christian  people, 
their  formulaiV  '^^  belief.  Such  insolence  andpre« 
sumption,  was  never  before  witnessed  unless  it  was 
in  the  instance  of  Mahomet}  or  in  those  of  the  tm- 


218 

)^F^^(^^^^  as  Sabbati  Sevi,)  who  frequently  as 
J^fcstoaa,  i^pjared  to  deceive  the  remnartt  of  the  lew- 
lah  people.  Paine  with  aHhi»  other  vices  had  a  foible 
igunous^to  our  CQUtttry.  Tolwsep  up  the  spirits  of 
^^!^?!v^  «^wi»ite,  that  there  should  be^ 
s^of  ^notic  ^bhcations.  Fame  was  the  most 
ffldolem  i^^jnen^  tf  he  Iras  insjpi^^^  muse,  the 

^»te4»  !most  certamly,  l^wae-hiiii  t^t  few  visits.  The 
office  of .«Wi»tary  of  foreign  afikb  was  confer- 
wduponJiim^'becauseofthe  me^  "Common 

benae/'^lrjii^tar^  called  the «^riws,''  under  the 
si^ureof.¥Qqi«monSiiti8c.'V  It  was  to  him  per- 
sanally:  a  ^awcure.  Bm  u^mt  went  to  %rfc  fPenn.) 
wher^eongi^j^en  ii*t  l?wf  occaaionaay,  and  s^d  but 
«uj%w  two,  Hirtrue^eia^  ^^  of  a  poli- 

^  w^ter.  In  Ae  suwitteraiiAwmter  oCOi^^rj^^ 
iQfrByJMwuBmtmxnikM^^^mf  fSRuer  B  nouse)  as  were 

the  late  Di^id  Rittenhouse,  the  state-treasurerj  and 

John  Harty.  a  member  of  the  then  <<  exeeutive*coun- 

Baitte  ,woul4  <vira!)L  ^f  tLnp^^^  uil^'13*  o'clock ; 
cgnifi^iti  and  tnake  ah  hiordiimte  dmner^  rl^e  nsing 
fiiQim  tij>ie  was  between  two  and  tla?ee  o'clock.  He 
wemld  then^tlfe  to  his  bed«chamber9  wrap  a^blanket 
around  him>  and  in  a  large  arm-chair,  take  a  nap,  of 
two  or  three  hours^-<rtsoand  walk.  These  walks,  and 
H&:llidcdence,  suiprised  mf  pijuents ;  they  knew  him  as 
liie^iait^or  of  ><  Common  Sense,'!  who  had  written  patri- 
odcidly,  ATi^  in  tho^  writings,  prcMxiulged^me  moral 
•and  religious  ideasy  wluch  induced  them  to  believe  he 
'v^fn  i6iallN>dtx  chnsdttii;  Indeed  Ffttne,  during  the 
leilDmiMVvirai  careful  to  en^ndifreligiocis  dogihas. 
cr^fKof  yt  tete  ^itiaboBc  ideas ;  if  he  hAd,  the  good 
sense  kiithe  Jlm'^  their  vtrtue,  and  tii^-' 

{^ifned^-wor^P  oi^  tli^^  would  have,  in  those 

days;  iMiiuslied  hiin  ^roni  their  country.  Your  grai^- 
fiLther'4  Ibelings  a  few  months  before  hit  death,  ^#hich 
ecciinred  <^  the  1 5th  of  Decembel^,  178%)  Wheil  Spteak^ 
i^tif  the  unb^ver(Paine^were  truly  p6ignii&t;^r 
now  the'  wretch's  tpue  character  hiad  began  to  c^u-  on 
the  world.    He  lamented  with  tearsy  that  he  had  ever 


219 


admUted  him  into  hi&  house,  or  had  a  personal  acquaint- 
ance ai>d  intercourse  with  him. .  He  was  from^convicf* 
tiont  9,  sincere  christian,  conveiled  by  the  scriptures ;  of 
a  strong  miind,  and  of  a  most  tender  conscieoce. 

Do  iipt  permit  any  thing  now  ^d,  to  induce  you  to 
undervalue  the  sagacity  of  my  father,  for  he^was  wise: 
but  of  so  benevolent  a^mind^  that  in  the  common  affairs' 
of  life,)  he  held  a  principle  in  molality  as  true,  which^  i« 
t^y  no  mean  gemeraily  received;  to  wit,  « That  we 
should  consider  every  one  as  possesmng  probity,  until 
we  discover  him  to  be  ^otherwise."    Other  gentlemen 
think  differently.    However,  it  may  well  be  maintained 
that  the  sidem^  &ther. took  on  this. topic,  which  I  hate 
qflen  heard  argued,  accords  with  the  true  spirit  of  the 
gospel,  the  oSier  side  i^  stoicism.'  From  these^last. 
observations,  you  will  readily  ^percdve  how  easy  it  wts. 
to  impose  on  my  father*    This  is  the  TeiaSon/for  his 
entertaining  Paine.    I  have  said.that  Paine  wasrindo^^ 
lent.    Take  this  as  an  instance :  The  Crisis,  No.  V,  is 
but  a  short  political  essay,  to  be  sure  of  great  skill  in 
tjhe  composidon,  of  much  eloiquentinVective,  strong 
reasoning,  some  lustoric  anecdote,  and  a  fund  of  ridi- 
cule which  fitted  the  passions  of  the  times.    But  recol- 
lect that  tl\is  piece,  to  Paine,  was  a  labour  of  three 
months  in  the  enditing.    It  was  written  in  my  father's 
house.    Mr.  D.  Rittenhouse  inhabited  the  front  room, 
in  the  upper  stoiy,  wh^re  was  the  library.    There  he 
kept  the  office  of  the  treasury  of  Pennsylvania*    The 
room  of  Mr.  Hart  and  Paine,  wai^  to  the  left  hand  as 
you  come  to  the  stair-head  entering  the  library.  ;         ^ 
When  my  wound  in  1778,  was  so  far  niended,  that 
hobbling  on  crutches,  or  by  creeping  up  stairs,  (asyoii 
.may  haice  seen  me  of  late  years  «),)  my  greatest  recre- 
ation .in  my  distressed  state  of  mind,  was  to  get  into 
the  chjMuber  pf  Mr.  Rittenhouse  where  the  booksiwere. 
•f  here,  his  conversation,  (for  he  w&s  most  affable,)  eh- 
HyeiKd  niy  mind,  and  the  books  would  so  an|use  it, 
that  U'lK^came,  calm,  and  some  desperate  resolutions 
weie  dissolved.  >  WMle  that  excellent  man  was  em- 
ploying^/hours  in  the  duties  of  ius  office^  for  the 


•^''\i. 


"benefit  of  t&e  people,  Paine  mcmXA  be  snormg  away  hhi 
precioiMi  time  in  his  easy  dbair,  regardless  of  tlbese  in- 
iMnclians  imposed  upon  him  by  congress,  in  relation  to 
his  politkai  ctmiposatioimi    His  relnistness,  indotenee- 
or-  TVMiiQir  of  thought^  caused  great  heart-burning 
among;  inany;  pninary  cbaraotersi  in  those  days.    I  have' 
heaftl.thiirj8^  George  Bryui,  Esq*  then  vice-president 
q€  ^  tenuMtl^  speak  ,ol  his  gross  neglects-  witli  remark* 
aMe  harshness^    I  wmild  sometimes  go  into  Pane's' 
qMm,  andtsiti  with>  htm.    Hit  Crisis,  N6<  V,  lay  on' 
his  ts^k^^stsd':  to-day  thvee  or  four  lines  would  be 
added,  is;^  eioiicse  •£  a  week,  aikMwn  more,  and  so  on. 
No.  V;  b  dated  2  iat  March,  VfTS^  but  it  was  hot  pub- 
lished; until'  some  months  alber  iliat  date,  and  it  was 
genensJly^  thought  by  goodiwhigs,  that  it  had  been  too^ 
Jf»ng  dela|f9Bd.    Torit^.  o^m  past,  I  was <S6  passionately* 
.engaged  at  health  in  the  prindples^of  our  cause,  that! 
PflSoe's  manner  of.  living  and«  acting,  gave  me  a  high 
4iftgust(  towards  him.    No  idea  could  enter  my  mind, 
that  any  one  ia  that  noble  struggle  could  be  idle  or' 
disengaged.    As  to  myself,  my  sensations  ifirere  such, 
diat  the  example  of.  a  Dccius  might  h&ve  been  re- 
i;iewedi.  -      '   ■  '^ 


•NOTE  IX.  page  130. 

.  I.  have  related  this  as  I.  received  il— <from  my  own"' 
knowledge,  X  daa  sajr  nothing — ^I  leave  to  the  world 
io  determme  the  creddnlitythe  story  m  entitled  to. 

■    I 
NOl*  X.  ftige  132. 

.  In  iifilier  6mes^  ai^now,  lying  was  in  vogue,  %at; 
methii^s  within  the  last  tMrty  yeaiv,  there  hate  been 
tast  mmrovements  in  the  art.    Receive  infoimatien  of 
two  ^mnces,  which  were  somewhat  reiitarfLable  m' 
those  ^ys»    Simpson,  one  of  the  most  spirited;  and  ac- 
ftr'ke4>f  :di[U:erBM(lwi^s  alert^--4aways<eft^4^     was  H^ 


re- 


2i21 


duced  and  vilified  for  a  want  of  courage,  because  he 
wtAnot  taken  a  prisoner  at  Quebec.  This  small  can^ 
tony  rPaxton,)  "vi^as  bursting  with  the  falsehoods  propa- 
gatea  on  this  subject.  On  the  other  hand,  captain  M. 
Smith,  our  commander,  was  applauded  for  his  immense 
bravery  shewn  in  the  attack  of  that  place,  when  in  fact, 
he  was  on  the  isle  of  Orleans,  many  miles  ^stant  from 
the  city.  Simpson  had  been  commanded  to  Uiat  place 
by  a  regular  order  from  colo&el  Arnold.  Captain 
Smith  skulked  thither  illicitly.  Here  is  a  fac-simile, 
as  td  orthography  of  Arnold's  order  to  Lieut.  Simpson, 
Which  I  took  from  the  original  now  in  his  possession. 
On  my  part.  It  seems  to  be  a  duty  to  make  it  known  to 
you  in  justification  of  an  excellent  patriot,  one  of  my 
friends  from  early  youth. 

^<  Lieut*  Simpsoit^ 

«SiR-i-You  are  to  proceed  to  Orleans,  and  take 
«  charge  of  the  men  there,  and  keep  all  provisions  from 
<f  going  to  town :  you  will  be  assidtous  in  gaining  the 
<<  esteem  of  the  inhabitants^  who  are  now  complaining 
^<  that  they  have  been  treated  in  a  rig<H'ous  manners 
^  for  provisions  or  assistance,  you  receive  from  them^ 
"  you  will  pay  them  the  value,  or  give  orders  on  nid  foi^ 
<<  the /or  the  same.  I  make  no  doubt  but  you  will  endea- 
<<  vour  to  cultivate  the  friendship  of  the  people  as*  far  as 
^<  is  consistent  with  your  duty.  You  will  be  cai*eful/  to 
<<  keep  your  men  under  atrict  discipline,  and  not  suffer 
<^  them  to  have  too  much  liquor.  I  am  told  there  has 
«  been  opeh  hbuse  kept  there.  You  will  use  as  much 
^<<£Conomy  as  is  consistent  with  our  ciax:umstances." 
<<I  am, 
"Sir, 

(<  Your  humble  servant^      ^  .    ., 

«B.  ARNOLD,  Col." 
"December  29,  1775." 

[This  rigor  was  administered  by  a  William  Cross, 
our  third  lieutenant,  with  as  free  a  hand  as  he  was  lax 
m  his  principles  of  morality.    Ct^s  was  a  haiidsome 

T 


■#■• 


322 


little  Irishman,  always  neatly  dressed,  and  commanded 
a  decachment  of  about  twenty  men.  The  Canadian 
gentlemen,  who  came  as  agents  fi*om  the  islanders  on 
this  occasion,  stated  that  Cross  had  extorted  from  them 
their  wmes  and  other  liquors,  and  all  kinds  of  provi- 
sions, which  he  lavished  on  worthless  people ;  making 
no  compensation  for  his|  exactions.  This  was  rigor 
indeed  I  for  the  people  of  the  isle  were  our  friends.  In 
short,  this  unworthy  officer  kept  « open  houate,'^  and 
had  a  short,  but  a  luxurious  and  meny  reign  over  that 
charming  spot.  He  was  not  with  us  at  the  attack  of 
the  city,  but  gaily  danced  his  way  to.  quarters.] 

Smith  wrote  but  Simpson  acted.  A  letter  from 
Smith  to  a  worthy  and  patriotic  clergyman,  the  Rev.  Mr, 
Elder,  of  Paxton,  which  was  filled  with  bombast  and 
trashy  and  stuffed  with  the  most  flagrant  untruths ;  that 
he  was  in  the  "midst  of  the  battle—covered  by  smoke ; 
bulletk  of  all  sizes  playing  around  him,  &c.  &c."  every 
word  of  which  was  fabulous.  This  person  was  among 
the  last  of  those  savage  men,  who  murdered  the  inno- 
cent and  unoffending  Indians  in  the  jail  of  the  town  we' 
nowi  live  in.  They  have  all  died  miserably ;  but  a  few 
iH^mainrng  to  rielate  the  anecdote  of  the  occurrence  of 
thitt  hornbie  massacre. 


$.»■ 


NOTE  XII.  page  168. 


'  The  late  capttdn  Thomas  Boyd,  the  strongest  and 
largestman  among  us,  when  coming  to  the  air,  frequent- 
ly fainted;  one  Rothrock  of  Morgan's,  had  so  foeted 
a  breath,  that  it  was  disgusting  to  enter  the  room  he 
inhabited;  one  of  Lamb's  company,  Ipst  his  gums  and 
some  of  his  teeth,  all  were  loose,  of  which,  I  am  cer- 
tain as  his  mouth  was  examined  by  me. 


V 


^^'^^ 


NOTE  XIII.  page  170. 


,»       This  gentleman  was  6  feet  4  or  5  inches  high,  ml 
as  weU  proportioned.     His  disposition,  lyas  a  kindly 


Ji.'i^xsiiit:.  4*  SMS 


*-V;='su>'*^S-.''i 


223 


one.  He  spoke  his  own  language  admirably,  and 
French  fluently,  but  no 'English.  Knowing  from  his 
military  dress  and  manners,  that  he  was  a  German. 
I  was  induced  to  address  him  in  that  language.  He 
appeared  astonished,  yet  pleased  at  hearing  his  own 
tongue  from  an  American  lad— inquired  concerning 
Pennsylvania,  our  way  to  Quebec,  &c.  btit  seemed 
apprehensive  of  the  jealousy  of  the  English  officially^ 
who  did  not  understand  us.  The  Baron  Knyphausen 
wanted  an  interpreter.  Captain  Prentis,  who  was  re- 
ally my  friend  made  me  the  proposition,  as  from  the 
Baron,  and  used  various  arguments  to  induce  a  com- 
pliance, all  of  which  were  spumed.  In  1778  or  1779, 
I  had  again  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  major  at  Lan* 
caster,  in  the  company  of  my  father,  but  he  was  thea^ 
a  prisoner. 


NOTE  XIV.  page  173. 

Red  willow  (Salix  fiurfiurea,)     This  shrub,  which 
is  a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  spread  throughout 
our  climates.     The  outer  bark,  of  a  deep  red  color, 
peels  in  a  very  thin  seale^  the  inner  is  scraped  off  with 
a  knife,  and  is  dried  either  in  the  sun  or  over  the  fire. 
The  scent  when  burning,  is  delightful. .  To  increase 
the  flavor,  the  Indians  pluck  the  current  years  branch-^ 
es  of  the  upland  sumach,  and  dry  it  in  bunches  over 
the  smoke  of  a  fire.     A  half  part  of  Red-willow  bark, 
added  to  as  much  of  the  dryed  sumach  forms  the  kille- 
kinic.  Those  ingredients  addedto  a  third  part  ol  leaf  to- 
bacco, and  the  mass  rubbed  finely  together  in  the  paltn 
of  the  hand,  makes  that  delicious  fume,  so  fascinating 
to  the  red,  and  also  to  the  white  men.    C^are  must  be 
taken  by  the  consumer,  not  to  use  the  swamp  sumach 
(Rhus   FernixJ  for  the  upland  fHhua  Glabrteiti^J  ^.^^ 
the  former  is  most  poisonous,  and  resembles  the  lat» 
ter,   in  the  bark  and  leaf  so  much,  that  an  incuridlas 
eye,  might  be  deceived.    The  difference  to  a  stranger 
may  be  distinctively  marked  by  observing,  that  the^ 


•4' 


(S* 


■  t  V"-; ' 


fimr-f^y^'jif 


r 


■J    ■■ 


224 

bvtnch  of  berries  of  the  upland  Bumich,  h  a  cone 
closely  attached  to  each  other,  and  nirhen  ripe  of  a  red- 
dish color.  The  berries  of  the  swamp  sumach,'  hang 
loosely  pendant,  from  a  lengthy  foot-stalky  and  when 
ripe,  are  of  a  greenish-grey:  at  least  I  never  saw  the 
benfy  in  any  other  state.  The  unhappy  person,  who 
would  employ  the  swamp  sumach  in  smoking,  would 
forfeit  his  eyesight.  This  truth  I  had  from  Natanis  in 
Canada,  and  it  has  since,  many  years  ago,  been  con- 
firmed to  me  by  the  celebrated  Seneca  ^  The  Com-^ 
planter."  You  know  the  experience  of  our  own  fami- 
Vff  when  clearing  the  swamp,  as  to  the  deleterious  qua- 
litiea  of  the  wood  as  me\ :  your  mptilier  suffered  great" 
]y  from  its  poisonous  vapors.  The  mocsenleer  pr^er 
the  red^wiliow  as  food;  we  most  frequently  observed 
them  in  its  neighbourhood.  The  vanilla  of  South  Ame- 
rica, haa  been  applied  by  the  Spanish  manufactors  of 
tobacco,  in  various  ways;  it  is  strange,  that  we  haVe 
never  assayed  the  jKiUekinic. 


hi 
of 


NOTE  XV.  iMige  IT4. 


It  wdll  perhaps  be  proper  to  give  you  an  idea 
of  the  parole  exacted  at  that  time.  «Wc  wtiose 
M  names  are  hereunder  written,  do  solemnly  pro- 
frmise  and  engage,  to  his  excellency  general  Carle- 
«  ton,  not  to  say  or  do,  any  thing  against  his  majes- 
«  ty's  ]^rs<»i  or  government;  and  to  repair  whenever 
"required  so  to  do  by  his  excellency,  or  any  of  his 
«  maiesty's  commanders  in  chief  in  America,  doth 
«  please  to  direct,  in  testimony  of  which,  we  have 
«  h^^cuntos^^our  hands  this  day  at  Quebec.    August 

"^^''^'^  J.J.H.&C." 

.  I  received  the  original  paper  in  1778,  m  conse- 
quence of  an  t?xch^ge  of  the  at.  Jolt's  pn^JCJrs  f<«: 
ua..  .  ■  ■*■   • 


»^. 


iffi  i'S«»;f5'?;aii'"' 


vw^'i 


%^'. 


m-'^^ 


K-J'-l 


</•■' « 


t4'» 


jf_'_ik 


225  • 

NOTE  XVI.  page  18r. 

Who  do  you  thbk  this  was?  Whf  Stephen  I^a, 
6f  Lancaster—- poor  but  industrious.  I  have  thanked 
him  a  thousand  times  since,  and  have  had  the  pleasure 
of  obliging  him. 


PINI*. 


P 


31. 


^  t-'''  j51; 


